ABSTRACT
Background: The coronary sinus is a dilated venous channel opening into the right atrium of the heart. The coronary venous system has gained importance in recent years for electrophysiological procedures like arrhythmia ablation, biventricular pacing and implantation of cardiac pacemakers. The present study aims to study the formation and tributaries of coronary sinus and also the morphology of thebesian valve. Materials and Methods: 30 formalin fixed cadaveric hearts available in the department of Anatomy, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Perambalur, Tamil nadu, was used for the study. The formation and tributaries of coronary sinus were noted. The length of coronary sinus in millimeters was measured from the union of great cardiac vein and left marginal vein upto the opening of the coronary sinus in the right atrium with vernier calipers. The width of the coronary ostium in the right atrium was measured in millimeters with vernier calipers. Results: In 93.33% specimens the coronary sinus was formed by the union of great cardiac vein and left marginal vein. In 3.33% specimens it was formed by the union of great cardiac vein and posterior vein of left ventricle, and in 3.33% specimens it was formed by the union of great cardiac vein and oblique vein of left atrium. The left marginal vein was absent in 2 specimens and small cardiac vein was absent in 1 specimen. The mean length of coronary sinus was 54.98 + 12.2mm. The mean width of coronary sinus ostium was 9.35 + 3.24mm. The Thebesian valve was present in 93.33% specimens and it was semilunar in shape. Conclusion: The knowledge of coronary sinus anatomy will be helpful during electrophysiological procedures. KEY WORDS: Coronary Sinus, Cardiac Veins, Thebesian Valve, Coronary Ostium, Electrophysiological Procedures.
ABSTRACT
Cervical chondro-cutaneous brachial remnant [CCBR] is a developmental anomaly presenting at birth and are usually seen on the lateral aspect of neck, anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle. Bilateral appearance of this lesion is extremely uncommon. These lesions are painless and lack any inflammation or discharge. Since there is no connection with underlying deeper structures, complete surgical excision is the standard treatment in such cases. It is associated with several other congenital anomalies in 70-80% of cases. Hence, thorough evaluation of patients [clinical and investigation] becomes mandatory in such cases to detect any additional anomaly. We report a case of a 6-year-old female with bilateral cervical chondro-cutaneous remnant located at the lower third of lateral aspect of neck, anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle, and discuss the embryologic and diagnostic aspects considering the common differential for this lesion at this site
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Neck , Neck MusclesABSTRACT
Ewing's Sarcoma of bone (ESB) is a rare primary malignant tumor of bone, belonging to Ewing's Sarcoma Family of Tumors (EFT) and are neuro-ectodermal in origin. These tumors are characterized histopathologically as small round blue cell tumors (SRBCT) containing cytoplasmic glycogen, cytogenetically by a (t:11;22) or (q:24;12) translocation and molecularly by the presence of EWS and FLI1 fusion transcripts. ESB is primarily a pediatric tumor, uncommon in the Asian population, affecting the axial skeleton and rarely the jaw bones. ESB poses a diagnostic challenge as it shares many features with other malignant tumors whose managements are substantially different. We present the clinical, radiographic histopathological and immuno histochemical features of ESB involving the left rhinomaxillary complex in a young Indian male. We also discuss the differential diagnosis and current treatment modalities in management of ESB.
ABSTRACT
Presently an effort has been made to determine the effectiveness of probiotics against marine pathogenic bacterial load ingested by Artemia franciscana nauplii. In this experiment Artemia franciscana nauplii was allowed to ingest pathogenic bacterial strains, viz. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Vibrio cholerae and Shigella sp. Probiotic organism (Bioremid) was used against the pathogenic strains on Artemia franciscana nauplii. On completion of the experiment it was observed that the use of Probiotic organism (Bioremid) reduced the pathogenic bacterial load, especially that of Shigella sp. on Artemia franciscana.