ABSTRACT
Objective: to detect serum lipoprotein abnormalities and body mass index differences in type 2 diabetic post menopausal women compared to controls
Material and Methods: this case control studywas conducted at tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, that is Hayatabad Medical Complex, Khyber Teaching Hospital, and Lady Reading Hospital over a period of two years i.e., from July 2005 to July 2008. One hundred and fifty diagnosed diabetes type 2 post menopausal females compared with fifty non diabetic post menopausal healthy controls were included. Determination of glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol were assessed by enzymatic lab technique [Elitech] using micro lab 200 [Merck], and low density lipoprotein cholesterol was determined by Friedewald formula
Results: the results indicated highly significant difference between the biochemical indices of cases and controls which included elevated levels of LDL-C [p=0.001], reduced levels of HDL-C [p=0.001] and triglycerides [TG] above the target levels [p=.000]. Body Mass Index showed significant change in diabetic postmenopausal females as compared to controls. [p<0.015]
Conclusion: dyslipidemias in post menopausal diabetic females are more prevalent. Lipoprotein abnormalities are a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases which becomes more prevalent with the loss of estrogens and the decrease in High density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol levels that occurs concurrently with menopause
ABSTRACT
Almost every individual dislikes excessive and unnecessary noise. Noise exerts various adverse psychological and physiological effects, on human body including a rise in blood pressure. 117 volunteer medical students, aged 18-23 years were exposed to 90 decibel noise of 4000 hertz for 10 minutes, produced by audiometer in a sound-proof room. Blood pressure was recorded every three minutes. Blood pressure increased during exposure to noise. Average rise in systolic blood pressure was 2.462 +/- 0.532 mm Hg and average rise in diastolic blood pressure was 3.064 +/- 1.047mm Hg. Blood pressure came to resting value within two minutes after stopping exposure to noise in more than 50% of the subjects. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increases due to noise exposure