ABSTRACT
Antioxidants are compounds that protect the body against cell membrane injury or damage to the cell's genetic material from free radical activity. The objective of this research was to study the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of various extracts from the seeds and aerial parts of Malcolmia africana [L.] R. Br. The overall results of M. africana tests allowed us to study the various extracts [hexane extract [HE], methanol extract [ME] and chloroform extract [CE]] of the test total phenolic, ABTS [[2, 2'-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid]]] and DPPH [2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl] and also to test beta-carotene, largest property antioxidant. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of both samples was determined against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The amount of total phenolics was highest in the methanol extract [ME] of the seeds [225.19 +/- 0.02] and aerial parts [208.52 +/- 0.012 mg] Gallic acid/gr sub-fractions. The property antioxidant shows both of the mechanisms of electron transfer and the hydrogen transfer which the extracts has gone through. This investigation showed that ME has the highest antioxidant behavior. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts of both samples were determined against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The bioassay shows that the seeds and aerial parts exhibit moderate antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the extracts could be suitable as antimicrobial and anti-oxidative agents in the food industry
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to study the biological activities of various extracts and the chemical composition of the essential oil Trigonella monantha C. A. Mey. subsp. monantha by gas chromatography [GC] and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy [GC-MS], from the compounds derived from the aerial parts. The overall results of T. monantha tests allow us to conclude various extracts [hexane extract [HE], methanol extract [ME] and chloroform extract [CE]] of the test total phenolic, ABTS and DPPH while also testing beta-carotene largest property antioxidant. The property antioxidant shows the extracts of both mechanisms of electron transfer and the hydrogen transfer it has gone through. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of both samples was determined against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The strongest activity exhibited by the T. monantha of ME was determined to be 49.58 micro g/mL and was exhibited by ME
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
Moringa oleifera (family Moringaceae) has been widely used in African folk medicine, and researchers have recently revealed its anti-inflammatory effects in human. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic properties of methanolic extracts of M. oleifera in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats.
ABSTRACT
Walnut [Juglans regia L.] is widely distributed all over the world. Dry seeds, [nuts], as well as green walnuts, shells, bark, green husks [epicarps] and leaves, have all been used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. In the present study, hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of walnut leaves was investigated against carbon tetrachloride [CCl [4]] induced liver damage in rats. This experimental study was done on 36 rats divided into six groups. Adult male rats were orally administered different doses of walnut extract [50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw/daily] along with CCl [4] [50% CCl [4], in olive oil, 1 ml/kg, intrapertioneally] twice a week for 28 consecutive days. Biochemical parameters like alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and total protein levels in the serum were determined. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA test. Administration of CCl [4] increased the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase [p<0.01]. Treatment with the ethanolic extract of walnut leaves significantly decreased the above parameters [p<0.01]. Ethanolic extract of walnut leaves could protect liver against the CCl [4]-induced oxidative damage in rats, and this hepatoprotective effect might be due to modulation of toxic and oxidant enzymes and also to the scavenger effect on free radicals
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Male , Hepatocytes/drug effects , Protective Agents/pharmacology , Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity , Free Radical Scavengers , Rats , Analysis of VarianceABSTRACT
Immune system is involved in the etiology and path physiologic mechanisms of inflammation. Medicinal plants are an important source of substances which are claimed to induce nonspecific immune modulator effects. Given the above information and the role of IL-6 in inflammation and pain induction, this study investigated the effects of Achillea santolina and Stachys athorecalyx methanolic and defatted extracts on cmpiete Freund-s adjuvant [CFA] -induced short term inflammation in male Wistar rats. Inflammation was induced on day zero by CFA injection in hind paw of rats. Methanolic and defatted extractions were prepared form aerial parts of both plants. 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of extracts were selected for IP treatment during 6 days after CFA injection. Results indicated dose related effects of A. santolina and S. athorecalyx extracts on edema, hyperalgesia and serum IL-6 level during inflammation. Although, both methanolic and defatted extracts of S. athorecalyx showed a significant reduction in the inflammatory symptoms, no significant differences was observed between these two kinds of extracts of S. athorecalyx with respect to their anti inflammatory effects. Only methanolic extract of A. santolina was effective during CFA-induced inflammation. These results could suggest that short-term administration of A. santolina and S. athorecalyx extracts possess potent anti-inflammatory effects and modulate paw edema, hyperalgesia and serum IL-6 level during CFA-induced inflammation. In addition, these dose-dependent effects may mediate via different extract supplements which need more investigations
Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Stachys , Freund's Adjuvant , Hyperalgesia , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Rats, Wistar , Plant Extracts , Interleukin-6 , Inflammation , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Immune system is involved in the etiology and pathophysiologic mechanisms of inflammation. Medicinal plants are an important source of substances which are claimed to induce non-specific immunomodulatory effects. In view of this and on account of the interleukin (IL)-6's role in inflammation and pain induction, this study investigated the effects of Achillea santolina extracts on inflammation which was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in male Wistar rats.
ABSTRACT
Extracts of the flowering aerial parts of Stachys schtschegleevii Sosn. and S. balansae Boiss. and Kotschy ex Boiss have been used in Iranian folk medicine as remedy for rheumatic and other inflammatory disorders and anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of some species of Stachys e.g. Stachys inflata have been reported. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of total methanolic extracts of the flowering aerial parts of two Stachys species in rat were investigated by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin test. Intraperitoneal injection of the extracts, 60 min before induction of inflammation, resulted in inhibition of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema in dose dependant manner [doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg]. In the formalin test, the extract [50, 100 and 200 mg/kg] had low effect in the first phase [0-5 min] of the formalin-induced pain, but all three doses showed analgesic and anti nociception effects significantly. In conclusion the methanolic extracts of Stachys schtschegleevii and Stachys balansae have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in formalin test and carrageenan-induced paw edema