ABSTRACT
Background: The study was conducted to know the prevalence of anemia in rural school children located within 15km radius of Yenepoya Medical college hospital, Mangalore and to study the risk factors associated with anemia also to correlate the detection of anemia by clinical examination and by lab estimation of hemoglobin.Methods: A total of 550 children in the age group of 6-15 years were included in this study. Parental informed consent was obtained. A preplanner questionnaire was used to collect the health and socio demographic details. Blood was collected by venepuncture method and haemoglobin was determined by automated sysmex machine. Diagnosis of anemia was made according to WHO cut off value of Hb.Results: Out of 550 children 114(20.6%) were anemic. There was no significant difference between age and sex. Anemia was found to be more prevalent in children with h/o passing worms, undernourished, pica and low socio-economic status. Out of 550 children 174 children had conjunctival pallor on clinical examination. Among that 58 (33.3%) children had anemia on hemoglobin estimation. Majority of the children 116 (66.7%) who had pallor on clinical examination was found as non-anemic on hemoglobin estimation. On kappa co efficient, statistics showed that two examinations to detect anemia was 18.47 %, which indicates poor agreement.Conclusions: The overall prevalence of anemia among rural population is variable depending upon the region. Major factors which influence the prevalence of anemia were nutrition, socioeconomic status, pica and worm infestation. Clinical diagnosis by examination of pallor is poorly correlated by estimation of haemoglobin, hence anemia cannot be diagnosed by detection of pallor alone and it requires lab haemoglobin estimation to prevent wrong diagnosis of anemia.
ABSTRACT
The impending world is reliant on traditional medicine, and its recognition escalating at present as essential. In regulating the therapeutic efficacy of herbal drugs, standardization and quality control are the key factors. Organoleptic parameters are not much consistent in establishing the standards of herbal drugs, for which instrumental analysis of the drugs provides a more accurate picture regarding the qualitative and quantitative aspects of bioactive molecules, which are held liable for therapeutic action and is widely accepted in the quality assessment of herbal drugs. However, such work is lacking or at infantile stage. In this study, a comparative account of the HPTLC fingerprints of the ingredients and compound Unani formulation, Qurs-e-Kundur in methanolic extract as well as petroleum ether extract are given and discussed in detail
ABSTRACT
A retrospective study was done in children between 0-5 years of age attending the well baby clinic in the Civil Hospital Karachi outpatient department. The period of study was between 1979-1981 [3 years] and was done to determine the average weight for age of these children. The average weights of children between 0-3 months and 4-9 months fell above the 80[th] percentile [Harvard standard]. Between 10-24 months it was above 50[th] percentile ad between 2-5 years it was between 80-90[th] percentile. Next an attempt was made to ascertain the percentage of malnutrition found in these children according to Gomez's criteria. The overall percentage was 29.7% 31.2% and 16.7% of grade I, II AND III PEM respectively with only 22.2% children having a normal weight for age. The breakdown of cases in different age group revealed a similar distribution. This study highlights the presence of malnutrition [according to weight] seen in well babies in sick children this problem is more pronounced it reinforces our concern finding children at risk in such follow up clinics and preventing PEM from becoming severe