ABSTRACT
Several studies have been conducted regarding the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum in pregnant Iranian women. However, it is necessary to combine the previous results to present a general assessment. We conducted the present study based on systematic review and meta-analysis studies according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses [PRISMA]. We searched the national and international online databases of MagIran, Iran Medex, SID, MedLib, IranDoc, Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar search engine for certain MeSH keywords until June 16, 2017. In addition, heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias were performed. The data were analyzed using random-effects model and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2 and P value was considered lower than 0.05. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in 11 surveyed articles that assessed 2864 pregnant Iranian women was 8.74% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.40-13.84]. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatiswas estimated 5.73% [95% CI: 2.09-14.73] and 13.55% [95% CI: 11.23-16.25] by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and polymerase chain reaction [PCR], respectively which the difference was not significant [P=0.082]. The lowest and highest prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis was estimated in Tehran province [4.96% [95% CI: 2.45-9.810]] and Ardabil province [28.60% [95% CI: 20.61-38.20]], respectively. This difference was statistically significant [P<0.001]. Meta-regression for the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis based on year of the studies was significant with increasing slope [P=0.017]. According to the systematic review, the prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Urea plasma urealyticum indicated 2 to 22.8% [from 4 articles] and 9.1 to 19.8% [from 3 articles], respectively. There was no evidence of publication bias [P value for Begg and Eggers' tests was 0.161 and 0.173, respectively]. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis is high among pregnant Iranian women. Screening pregnant women as part of preventive measures seem necessary considering the potential for maternal and fetal complications
ABSTRACT
Background: The clinical consequences of hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy such as preterm birth are not still clear
Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the relation of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy and preterm birth
Materials and Methods: In this meta-analysis, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis were utilized. Searching the 83T cohort studies 83T were done by two researchers independently without any restrictions on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, EBSCO and Google Scholar databases up to 2017. The heterogeneity of the studies was checked by the Cochran's Q test and IP2P index. Both random and fixed-effects models were used for combining the relative risk and 95% confidence intervals. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2
Results: Twenty-three studies were included in the meta-analysis. The relative risks of the clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy on preterm birth was estimated 1.30 [95% CI: 1.05-1.61, p=0.013, involving 20079 cases and 2452817 controls], 1.36 [95% CI: 1.09-1.68, p=0.005, involving 3580 cases and 64885 controls] and 1.31 [95% CI: 1.04-1.66, p=0.020, involving 1078 cases and 44377 controls], respectively
Conclusion: The incidence of preterm birth was higher among mothers with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy compared to euthyroid mothers, and these relations were significant. Therefore, 83T gynecologists and endocrinologists 83T should manage these patients to control the incidence of 83T adverse pregnancy outcomes 83T such as preterm birth
ABSTRACT
Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve the pregnancy within a year of unprotected intercourse. Infertility is a complex issue and different factors such as stress oxidative can be involved in this problem. So, any attempt to neutralize oxidative stress would be helpful in the treatment of infertility. Melatonin is a known scavenger of free radicals. The aim of our study was to evaluate the level of melatonin and its correlation with oxidative biomarkers in fertile and infertile women. The participants including fertile and infertile women were divided into two groups of 30 people. Blood sampling was performed and sera were collected. The level of Malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant capacity [TAG] and melatonin were detected. Data were analyzed using T-test and their correlation was assessed using Spearman test. Serum melatonin from fertile women was higher than infertile women but the difference was not significant [p= 0.46]. MDA level in fertile women was significantly lower than infertile women [p<0.001] and the level of TAG in fertile women was significantly higher than infertile women [p<0.001]. Spearman test revealed a significant and direct correlation between melatonin and TAG in fertile and infertile women and a significant but reverse correlation between melatonin and MDA in infertile and fertile women. Differences in the level of oxidative stress biomarkers in fertile and infertile individuals have been reported. This study revealed a significant correlation between melatonin and oxidative stress biomarkers, concluding that melatonin level could be involved in infertility
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Oxidative Stress , Infertility , Cross-Sectional Studies , Infertility, FemaleABSTRACT
To assess the effect of eliminating supplemental iron on pregnancy outcome. A clinical trial was conducted at Alzahra hospital from 2007 to 2009. Nine hundred sixty healthy women at first trimester of pregnancy with Hb>12 gr/dl and BP<140/90 mmHg were randomized into receiving daily one multivitamin+30 mg elemental iron or multivation + placebo tablet from 13 weeks of pregnancy. Iron parameters were analyzed at the 1st trimester and before delivery by using ELISA. Monthly Hb and Hct checkup was performed for placebo group and whom with Hb < 10.5 gr/dl at the end of 2nd trimester or Hb < 11 at 3rd trimester, excluded from the study. Finally 410 women in iron group and 372 in placebo group accomplished the study. The mean weight gain of mothers in iron group was significantly greater than placebo group. [11.57kg vs. 11.09kg, p=0.018]. Iron parameters at delivery time decreased, in two groups and were meaningful in placebo group. Neonatal complications were not significantly different between groups. The rate of preterm labor, IUGR, PROM, placental abruption, gestational diabetes and preeclampsia were not significantly different between groups except for pregnancy induced hypertension [6.7% in iron group vs. 3.4 in placebo group, p=0.04]. Considering iron is a possible source of producing free radicals which has ability of oxidative damage, it is recommended that in iron-replete non anemic women at beginning of pregnancy especially who are at high risk for hypertension, iron should not be prescribed until Hb falls below normal level