ABSTRACT
Background: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin disorders in puberty. The widespread and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the treatment of acne has resulted in the spread of resistant bacterial strains and treatment failure. Aim: The study aimed to analyze the microbiological spectrum in acne vulgaris and to evaluate its susceptibility to the antibiotics widely used for acne. Material and methods: The present cross sectional study was carried out by the Department of Microbiology and Dermatology, MSDS Medical College, Fatehgarh among the patients seeking care for acne vulgaris with pustular and nodulocystic skin lesions in the Dermatology OPD of a rural medical school from western Uttar Pradesh. Patients with pregnancy or endocrinal problems like hirsutism, menstrual dysfunction or adrenal dysfunction and those taking drugs or contraceptives were excluded. The samples were cultured individually on blood agar and Muller-Hinton media. The cultures were then incubated under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions for 2-7 days . Bacteria were identified and their resistance to common antibiotics was evaluated according to the standard procedures. After compilation of collected data, analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 21 (IBM, Chicago, USA). Results: Aerobically, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acne and Micrococcus spp were detected in 44%, 47%, 1% and 46% of samples respectively whereas anaerobically these were 39%, 21%, 34% and 1% respectively. Propionibacterium acne Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were more sensitive to rifampin (almost 90%) compared to other drugs. Neomycin was found to be least sensitive. Conclusion: The study highlighted the need to discourage antibiotics' abuse. Rifampin is a suitable antibiotic for acne patients, but to achieve a better result, combination of rifampin with other antibiotics should be tried. It is also suggested that studies with bigger sample size on evaluation acne vulgaris treated by rifampin should be undertaken.
ABSTRACT
Background: It is well-appreciated that many communities in developing countries face severe public-health problems relating to drinking-water. The supply of safe water is important to protect the health of the community people. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the bacteriological quality of drinking water from various active sources of water utilized in the catchment area of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Material and methods: The present cross sectional study was carried out by the Department of Microbiology and Community Medicine, MSDS Medical College, Fatehgarh during 2013-14. Randomly selected 100 active water sources which were being used for drinking purpose and a fairly good number of people using that water source for drinking purpose were included in the study. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) guidelines for drinking water quality assessment were adopted. Culture and bacteriological tests of drinking water were performed as per standard protocols. After compilation of collected data, analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 21 (IBM, Chicago, USA). Results: Out of one hundred water samples collected, fifty one, twenty seven and twenty two samples of water were collected from municipal tap water, government hand pump and water cooler respectively. Almost half of the samples were found to be unsatisfactory. E. coli was found to be responsible for 26% of samples whereas Pseudomonas in 20% of collected samples. E. coli and Klebsiella tested positive with Methyl Red whereas Pseudomonas sp. and Klebsiella tested positive with Citrate test reagent. E. coli showed positive result with Indole reagent whereas Klebsiella tested positive with Urease. Regarding mix population organisms, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Sp. and Pseudomonas Sp. were found to be positive in 3 samples whereas Klebsiella Sp. and Pseudomonas Sp. were found to be positive only in 1 sample Conclusion: The study highlighted unsafe nature of current active sources in the study area with regard to drinking water purpose which are not fit for consumption of water. Surveillance of water sources and regular bacteriological assessment of all water sources for drinking is recommended on regular basis.
ABSTRACT
Background: Despite having a well documented relationship of cleft palate with middle ear effusion, little data exists regarding otopathology in Indian children with cleft palate. Objectives: Therefore, the present study was planned with an objective to determine the various otological manifestations that occur in patients with cleft palates seeking care at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Material and methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of a tertiary care teaching hospital of northern India during June 2012 to May 2014 among 30 cases of cleft palate. On the first visit, history and thorough clinical examination are undertaken. Next, common and special investigations are undertaken to evaluate and assess the status of disease. X-ray mastoids, Pure tone audiometry and Tympanometry were also carried out. Results: The ears are found affected in 86.7%, 60.1% ears had an intact but dull tympanic membrane whereas 16.7% ears had CSOM with a central perforation. On pure tone audiogram (n=18) 33.33% had a hearing loss in one ear and 44.44% had a hearing loss in both ears in the form of a mild or moderate degree of conductive deafness. On tympanogram, 23.3% had an ‘A’ type of tympanogram whereas 44 ears had a `B’ type of tympanogram indicative of recurrent effusions in the middle ear. Majority from this sub-group >80% had associated conductive hearing loss-mild to moderate degrees. Conclusion: Cleft palate individuals should always be evaluated for possible otological manifestations.