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Objective@#To compare and correlate the findings of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging in characterizing parotid gland tumors. @*Materials and Methods@#We retrospectively reviewed 56 patients with parotid gland tumors evaluated by MR imaging. The true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), and fraction of perfusion (f) values of IVIM imaging and tumor-to-parotid gland signal intensity ratio (SIR) on ASL imaging were calculated. Spearman rank correlation coefficient, chi-squared, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests with the post-hoc Dunn-Bonferroni method and receiver operating characteristic curve assessments were used for statistical analysis. @*Results@#Malignant parotid gland tumors showed significantly lower D than benign tumors (p = 0.019). Within subgroup analyses, pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) showed significantly higher D than malignant tumors (MTs) and Warthin’s tumors (WTs) (p < 0.001). The D* of WTs was significantly higher than that of PAs (p = 0.031). The f and SIR on ASL imaging of WTs were significantly higher than those of MTs and PAs (p < 0.05). Significantly positive correlation was found between SIR on ASL imaging and f (r = 0.446, p = 0.001). In comparison with f, SIR on ASL imaging showed a higher area under curve (0.853 vs. 0.891) in discriminating MTs from WTs, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.720). @*Conclusion@#IVIM and ASL imaging could help differentiate parotid gland tumors. SIR on ASL imaging showed a significantly positive correlation with f. ASL imaging might hold potential to improve the ability to discriminate MTs from WTs.
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Objective To assess the effects of cognitive-behavioral group psychotherapy on depression,anxiety and medication adherence in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods Eighty patients from two communities in Qinghai province were randomly divided into intervention group (n=40) and control group (n=40).In addition to regular care for both groups,patients in the intervention group also received eognitive-behavioral group psychotherapy.Depression,anxiety and medication adherence were measured with the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS),the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8),respectively,at baseline,immediately after intervention,at 3 months after intervention,and at 6 months after intervention.Results The repeated-measures ANOVA showed that improvement in depression,anxiety and medication adherence before and after intervention in the intervention group was greater than in the control group (F =22.805,48.058,128.058,all P＜0.05).Scores for depression and anxiety were lower and scores for medication adherence were higher (all P＜0.05) in the intervention group than in the control group at all the time points after intervention.Conclusions Cognitive-behavioral group psychotherapy can alleviate depression and anxiety,and improve medication adherence in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.
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Objective To develop a questionnaire to measure the patients related knowledge,attitude,and practice about their hospitalization virtue behaviors and test its reliability and validity.Methods Using KAP theory as a conceptual framework,and using experts consultation and investigating medical staff as a tool to develop items of the scale.The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was tested in 200 patients.Results The questionnaire consisted of three dimensions and thirteen items,and three factors were extracted by principal components analysis,which contributed to 58.211％ of the variance.The Cronbach's α was 0.822 for the total questionnaire,and the content validity index was 0.923.Conclusions The questionnaire shows acceptable reliability and validity,and can be applied to related clinical investigation.