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Objective To summarize the prescription and medication rules for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners through data mining analysis.Methods The literature on treating diabetes mellitus by contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners were retrieved from the databases of CNKI,Wanfang and VIP,and the collections of clinical experience and medical cases of contemporary Lingnan famous practitioners were also reviewed to screen the relevant medical records of diabetes mellitus treated by Lingnan famous practitioners.The information of Chinese medicine prescriptions for diabetes mellitus in the medical records was input to Excel to establish a database,and then the frequency analysis was performed in terms of the nature,flavors and meridian tropism,therapeutic-action classification of the Chinese herbal medicines and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types.Moreover,the association rule analysis and cluster analysis were carried out using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 26.0.Results A total of 62 medical records of diabetes mellitus treated by the 24 contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners such as DENG Tie-Tao,LIU Shi-Chang,XIONG Man-Qi,LI Sai-Mei,ZHU Zhang-Zhi,LIU Min,and FAN Guan-Ji were screened out for the analysis.And a total of 101 prescriptions involving 210 Chinese herbal medicines were included.There were 29 commonly-used Chinese medicines with a frequency being or more than 15 times,and they were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle,Astragali Radix,Bupleuri Radix,Puerariae Lobatae Radix,Poria,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Codonopsis Radix,Scutellariae Radix,etc.According to the therapeutic action,the Chinese medicines were mainly classified into the categories of drugs for supplementing the deficiency,drugs for clearing heat,and drugs for dispelling wind-damp.The primary syndrome types were syndrome of deficiency of both spleen and kidney and syndrome of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency,and the syndromes were usually complicated with the syndrome elements of qi deficiency,yin deficiency,yang deficiency,cold-damp,phlegm-damp,and damp-heat.The association rule analysis yielded 28 core drug combinations consisting of 2-4 herbs,and the cluster analysis yielded 5 new candidate prescriptions,which were mainly derived from the modification of classical formulas such as Xiao Chaihu Decoction,Fuzi Lizhong Decoction,Yuquan Pills plus Zengye Decoction,and Zuogui Pills.Conclusion For the treatment of diabetes mellitus,contemporary Lingnan famous Chinese medical practitioners primarily adopt the methods of invigorating spleen and warming kidney,and soothing liver,draining dampness and resolving turbidity,which has more distinctive regional characteristics of Lingnan and can provide a reference for syndrome differentiation and treatment of diabetes mellitus in the Lingnan area.
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Gene editing technology is a genetic operation technology that can modify the DNA sequence at the genomic level. The precision gene editing technology based on CRISPR/Cas9 system is a gene editing technology that is easy to operate and widely used. Unlike the traditional CRISPR/Cas9 system, the precision gene editing technology can perform site-directed mutation of genes without DNA template. This review summarizes the recent development of precision gene editing technology based on CRISPR/Cas9, and prospects the challenges and opportunities of this technology.
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Gene Editing , CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics , Mutation , GenomeABSTRACT
The bile acid-responsive G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5 is expressed in monocytes and macrophages, and plays a critical role in regulating inflammatory response. Our previous work has shown its role in promoting the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet the mechanism remains unclear. Here, using Tgr5-knockout mice, we show that TGR5 is required for M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and suppresses antitumor immunity in NSCLC via involving TAMs-mediated CD8+ T cell suppression. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that TGR5 promotes TAMs into protumorigenic M2-like phenotypes via activating cAMP-STAT3/STAT6 signaling. Induction of cAMP production restores M2-like phenotypes in TGR5-deficient macrophages. In NSCLC tissues from human patients, the expression of TGR5 is associated with the infiltration of TAMs. The co-expression of TGR5 and high TAMs infiltration are associated with the prognosis and overall survival of NSCLC patients. Together, this study provides molecular mechanisms for the protumor function of TGR5 in NSCLC, highlighting its potential as a target for TAMs-centric immunotherapy in NSCLC.
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Aim To investigate the effectiveness and safety of alfentanil in general anesthesia.Methods In this study, a multicenter randomized double-blind con¬trolled study was conducted.A total of 352 subjects were selected and randomly assigned to fentanyl group (group A, n =176) and alfentanil group (group 15, n = 176).Anesthesia induction: intravenous midazolam 0.03 mg • kg-1 + fentanyl 25 p.g • kg"'(group A) or alfentanil 4 p,g • kg-1 ( group 15) + propofol 2 mg • kg"1 + rocuronium 0.8 mg • kg"1.Sevoflurane + fent¬anyl ( group A ) or alfentanil ( group B ) + rocuronium were used for anesthesia.The vital signs of patients re¬covery time and extuhation time, anesthesia-related complications and the use of related remedial drugs during anesthesia induction and maintenance were compared between the two groups.Results During the induction and maintenance period of anesthesia, alfentanil and fentanyl could equally effectively inhibit the stress response induced by endotracheal intubation and surgical stimulation.Alfentanil also showed more effective inhibition on stress response induced by endo¬tracheal intubation and surgical stimulation than that of fentanyl ( P < 0.05 ) .However, there was no signifi¬cant difference in the incidence of intraoperative hypo¬tension and hypertension and the time of anesthesia re¬covery and extubation between the two groups.Conclu¬sions Both alfentanil and fentanyl can effectively in¬hibit the stress response induced by surgical stimulation and could be safely used in general anesthesia in sur¬gery.Alfentanil has more advantages in maintaining the stability of blood pressure and heart rate during an¬esthesia induction and maintenance.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy of free thin sensate superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap based on lateral cutaneous branch of the subcostal nerve for repair of soft tissue defect in the foot and ankle.Methods:A retrospective case series study was made on clinical data of 9 patients with soft tissue defect in the foot and ankle admitted to 80th Group Military Hospital from December 2017 to December 2019. There were 8 males and 1 females, with the age of 28-63 years [(47.3±12.3)years] and the body mass index (BMI) of 16.7-27.8 kg/m 2 [(23.9±3.9)kg/m 2]. The size of soft tissue defect ranged from 10 cm×6 cm to 20 cm×12 cm. All patients were treated with the free thin sensate superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap based on lateral cutaneous branch of the subcostal nerve. After debridement or tumor resection, a thin sensate flap was harvested by intra-adipose tissue dissection between the superficial and deep fat layers. The size of flap ranged from 13 cm×8 cm and 13 cm×10 cm. The thickness of the defatted flap ranged from 3-6 mm. The distance from the anterosuperior iliac spine to the point where the lateral cutaneous branch of the subcostal nerve crossed the iliac crest ranged from 7.5-10.0 cm. The flap survival, complications, and reoperation were observed after operation. The sensory recovery of the flap was evaluated using Tinel sign and nine-grid method including monofilament touch perception, vibration perception, pinprick perception, temperature perception, and static two-point discrimination test. The joint range of motion, and shoewear and walking problems were recorded. At the last follow-up, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score was used to assess the affected foot and ankle. The injury at the donor site was detected as well. Results:All patients were followed up for 6-35 months [(21.1±10.1)months]. All flaps survived without infection or tumor reoccurrence. One patient developed ulceration, then surplus skin on the reconstructed heel was resected. One patient underwent flap debulking and removal of internal fixation. One or more sensory modalities within the nine areas in each flap could be detected at postoperative 3-6 months. The monofilament touch, vibration, pinprick, and temperature perception were presented in almost all regions of each flap at postoperative 12 months. However, only one patient in one region was noted with the static two-point discrimination, in which the distance of the two points was set as 25 mm. The range of ankle motion was slightly limited in 2 patients who underwent osseoligamentous complex reconstruction. All patients were able to wear normal shoes and walk without pain. At the last follow-up, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score ranged from 78 to 97 points [(86.4±7.4)points], significantly improved from preoperative 10-70 points [(44.2±18.4)points] ( P<0.01). No patients complained of pain at the donor site, but the widening linear scar was noted. Conclusion:For medium-sized soft tissue defect of the foot and ankle, the free thin sensate superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap based on lateral cutaneous branch of the subcostal nerve can be defatted with the requirement and has advantages in defect site appearance, sensory restoration, wearing ordinary shoes, painless walking, good functional recovery, and minimal donor site morbidity.
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BACKGROUND@#Postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction (PGD) is one of the most common complications in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Acupuncture has been used widely in gastrointestinal diseases due to its effectiveness and minimally invasive nature.@*OBJECTIVE@#This study evaluated the efficacy of using transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) during the surgery and postoperative recovery in patients with gastric and colorectal surgery for improving postoperative gastrointestinal function.@*DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS@#A total of 280 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were stratified by type of surgery (i.e., gastric or colorectal surgery) and randomly allocated into the TEAS group (group T) or the sham group (group S). Patients in group T received TEAS at LI4, PC6, ST36 and ST37. Patients in group S received pseudo-TEAS at sham acupoints. The stimulation was given from 30 min before anesthesia until the end of surgery. The same treatment was performed at 9 am on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days after surgery, until the recovery of flatus in patients.@*MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES@#The primary outcome was the time to the first bowel motion, as detected by auscultation. The secondary outcomes included the first flatus and ambulation time, changes of perioperative substance P (SP), incidence of PGD, postoperative pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and some economic indicators.@*RESULTS@#The time to first bowel motion, first flatus and first ambulation in group T was much shorter than that in group S (P < 0.01). In patients undergoing colorectal surgery, the concentration of SP was lower in group T than in group S on the third day after the operation (P < 0.05). The average incidence of PGD in all patients was 25%, and the frequency of PGD was significantly lower in group T than in group S (18.6% vs. 31.4%, respectively; P < 0.05). TEAS treatment (odds ratio = 0.498; 95% confidence interval: 0.232-0.786) and type of surgery were relevant factors for the development of PGD. Postoperative pain score and PONV occurrence were significantly lower in group T (P < 0.01). Postoperative hospitalization days and the resulting cost to patients were greatly reduced in the TEAS group (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Perioperative TEAS was able to promote the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function, reduce the incidence of PGD and PONV. The concentration of SP was decreased by TEAS treatment, which indicates that the brain-gut axis may play a role in how TEAS regulates gastrointestinal function.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900023263.
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Background/Aims@#MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of this study was to explore whether miRNA antagomirs could serve as potential therapeutic agents in interstitial lung diseases. @*Methods@#A mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by intratracheal injection of bleomycin (BLM). Using microarray analysis, up-regulated miRNAs were identified during the development of pulmonary fibrosis. miR-155 was chosen as the candidate miRNA. Fifteen mice were then randomized into the following three groups: BLM + antagomiR-155 group, treated with BLM plus intravenously injected with antagomiR-155; BLM group, treated with intratracheal BLM plus phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); and a control group, treated with PBS only. Lung tissues were collected for histopathological analysis, hydroxyproline measurement, and Western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for the measurement of cytokines associated with pulmonary fibrosis. @*Results@#Histological changes and hydroxyproline levels induced by BLM were significantly inhibited by antagomiR-155. The levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression were increased after BLM treatment. However, miR-155 silencing decreased the expression of IL-4, TGF-β, and interferon-γ. TGF-β-activated kinase 1/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (MAP3K7)-binding protein 2 (TAB2) of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, was activated by BLM and inhibited by in vivo silencing of miR-155 via antagomiR-155. @*Conclusions@#In vivo treatment with antagomiR-155 alleviated the pathological changes induced by BLM and may be a promising therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Objective To investigate the effect of tail vein transplantation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) with different transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expressions on recovery of sciatic nerve function in peripheral nerve xenotransplantation mice.Methods The hAMSCs were isolated from amnion membranes by healthy mother donors and identified by fluorescence activated cell sorter.The up-regulated and down-regulated TGF-β lentiviral plasmids were constructed and transfected into the purified hAMSCs;hAMSCs with stable up-regulated or down-regulated TGF-β expression were constructed.The sciatic nerves of C57BL/6 mice were isolated and cut out,and sciatic nerves of SD rats were isolated and transplanted into the sciatic nerve defected C57BL/6 mice to construct peripheral nerve xeno-transplanted mice models;these mice models were divided into 4 groups (n=10)according to random number table:control group,hAMSCs treatment group,high-expressed TGF-βhAMSCs treatment group,and low-expressed TGF-β hAMSCs treatment group;one d before modeling,phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or hAMSCs re-suspension were drawn with a syringe and slowly pushed into the tail veins of mice for transplantation treatment;14 d after treatment,DigGait analysis system was used to evaluate the recovery of sciatic nerve function in each group of mice.Result Fourteen d after treatment,the sciatic nerve function index (SFI) of the high-expressed TGF-β hAMSCs treatment group (-25.820±0.286) was significantly higher than that of the low-expressed TGF-β hAMSCs treatment group (-33.413±0.920) and hAMSCs treatment group (-30.755±0.421,P＜0.05).Conclusion The tail vein transplantation of hAMSCs with TGF-β high expression can effectively improve the sciatic nerve function in peripheral nerve xenotransplantation mice,which may be a new breakthrough in the treatment of peripheral nerve defects.
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BACKGROUND@#Jaw thrust has been proven as a useful test determining adequate depth of anesthesia for successful insertion of supraglottic airway device (SAD) in normal adults and children receiving intra-venous or inhalational anesthesia induction. This prospective observational study aimed to determine the feasibility and validity of this test when using as an indicator assessing adequate depth of anesthesia for successful insertion of SAD in spontaneously breathing morbidly obese patients receiving sevoflurane inhalational induction.@*METHODS@#Thirty morbidly obese patients with a body mass index 40 to 73 kg/m undergoing bariatric surgery in Beijing Friendship Hospital from October 2018 to January 2019 were included in this study. After adequate pre-oxygenation, 5% sevoflurane was inhaled and inhalational concentration of sevoflurane was increased by 1% every 2 min. After motor responses to jaw thrust disappeared, a SAD was inserted and insertion conditions were graded. The anatomic position of SAD was assessed using a fiberoptic bronchoscope.@*RESULTS@#The SAD was successfully inserted at the first attempt in all patients. Insertion conditions of SAD were excellent in nine patients (30%) and good in 21 patients (70%), respectively. The fiberoptic views of SAD position were adequate in 28 patients (93%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Jaw thrust test is a reliable indicator determining adequate anesthesia depth of sevoflurane inhalational induction for successful insertion of SAD in spontaneously breathing morbidly obese patients.@*CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION@#ChiCTR1800016868; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=28646.
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Background@#Jaw thrust has been proven as a useful test determining adequate depth of anesthesia for successful insertion of supraglottic airway device (SAD) in normal adults and children receiving intra-venous or inhalational anesthesia induction. This prospective observational study aimed to determine the feasibility and validity of this test when using as an indicator assessing adequate depth of anesthesia for successful insertion of SAD in spontaneously breathing morbidly obese patients receiving sevoflurane inhalational induction.@*Methods@#Thirty morbidly obese patients with a body mass index 40 to 73 kg/m2 undergoing bariatric surgery in Beijing Friendship Hospital from October 2018 to January 2019 were included in this study. After adequate pre-oxygenation, 5% sevoflurane was inhaled and inhalational concentration of sevoflurane was increased by 1% every 2 min. After motor responses to jaw thrust disappeared, a SAD was inserted and insertion conditions were graded. The anatomic position of SAD was assessed using a fiberoptic bronchoscope.@*Results@#The SAD was successfully inserted at the first attempt in all patients. Insertion conditions of SAD were excellent in nine patients (30%) and good in 21 patients (70%), respectively. The fiberoptic views of SAD position were adequate in 28 patients (93%).@*Conclusions@#Jaw thrust test is a reliable indicator determining adequate anesthesia depth of sevoflurane inhalational induction for successful insertion of SAD in spontaneously breathing morbidly obese patients.@*Clinical trial registration@#ChiCTR1800016868; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=28646.
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ABSTRACT: The effect of boiling, microwaving and aluminium (Al) foil-baking on composition of intramuscular phospholipid fatty acids of Inra rabbit was evaluated. Results showed that, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)(e.g. C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)(e.g. C18:1n-7 and C18:1n-9) of treated longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) decreased, whilst the proportion of saturated (SFA)(e.g. C16:0 and C18:0) and n-6/n-3 value increased during cooking. Among the three treatments, microwaving can do better to stop the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) being destroyed than boiling and Al foil-baking. However, boiling treatment did more serious damage to PUFA portion. Even so, the n-6/n-3 values of all of the cooked LD were within the recommended range. By analysis of partial least squares regression (PLSR), the microwaving treatment was more suitable in reserving UFA of intramuscular phospholipids from inra rabbit.
RESUMO: Avaliou-se o efeito do cozimento da fervura, emprego de microondas e de preparo da carne envolvida em alumínio (Al) de três formas de cocção na composição de ácidos graxos fosfolipídicos intramusculares de coelho Inra. Os resultados mostraram que, a proporção de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPI) (por exemplo, C18: 2n-6, C20: 4n-6, C20: 5n-3, C22: 5n-3 e C22: 6n-3) e ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (MUFA) (por exemplo, C18: 1n-7 e C18: 1n-9) de longissimus dorsimuscle (LD) tratado, diminuem, enquanto a proporção de saturado (SFA) (por exemplo, C16: 0 e C18: 0) e n-6 / n -3 valor aumentado durante o cozimento. Entre os três tratamentos, o micro-ondas parace ser o melhor por impedir a destruição dos ácidos graxos insaturados (UFA) do que a fervura e o cozimento em folha Al. No entanto, o tratamento de ebulição causou danos mais sérios à porção de PUFA. Mesmo assim, o valor n-6 / n-3 de todas as amostras de LD cozidas estava dentro da faixa recomendada. Por análise de regressão por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLSR), o tratamento com microondas foi mais adequado para preservar UFA de fosfolipídios intramusculares de Inra coelho.
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Objective To investigate the displacement characteristics of intraoperative and postoperative positions of electrodes on CT imaging for bilateral subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods A retrospective analysis on preoperative MR imaging,intraoperative and postoperative CT images of 35 patients with PD treated with STN-DBS in our hospital from January 2014 to June 2018 was performed.A three-dimensional coordinate system was established based on preoperative MR imaging.MR imaging/CT fusion technique was used to fuse intraoperative and postoperative CT images with preoperative MR imaging to locate intraoperative and postoperative electrode positions.The displacement characteristics of intraoperative and postoperative electrodes were analyzed.Results The spatial distance between intraoperative and postoperative positions of bilateral electrodes was about 1 mm,and the depth displacement was minimal.The postoperative position of the first side electrode on lateral axis was shifted outwardly from intraopemtive position,and the second side electrode was shifted internally with a small degree;on anterior-posterior axis,the first side electrode obviously shifted backward,and the second side electrode slightly shifted backward.For bilateral electrodes,corresponding coordinate deviation of three axis between intraoperative electrode-preoperative target and postoperative electrode-preoperative target,showed a significant positive linear correlation,therefore,leading out the coordinate deviation regression function model.Conclusions The displacement of electrodes between intraoperative and postoperative positions has obvious rules after STN-DBS in PD,which can guide the adjustment of intraoperative electrode position and predict the postoperative position of electrode.
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<p><b>Background</b>Ischemia preconditioning (IPC) remains the most powerful intervention of protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), but diabetes can weaken or eliminate its cardioprotective effect and detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore whether changes of autophagy in the diabetic condition are attributable to the decreased cardioprotective effect of IPC.</p><p><b>Methods</b>Sixty diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control (C), IRI, rapamycin (R), wortmannin (W), rapamycin + IPC (R + IPC), and wortmannin + IPC (W + IPC) groups. The in vivo rat model of myocardial IRI was established by ligaturing and opening the left anterior descending coronary artery via the left thoracotomy. Durations of ischemia and reperfusion are 30 min and 120 min, respectively. Blood samples were taken at 120 min of reperfusion for measuring serum concentrations of troponin I (TnI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The infarct size was assessed by Evans blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The expressions of LC3-II, beclin-1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and P-Akt/Akt ratio in the ischemic myocardium were assessed by Western blotting.</p><p><b>Results</b>Compared to the IRI group, infarct size (56.1% ± 6.1% vs. 75.4 ± 7.1%, P < 0.05), serum cTnI (0.61 ± 0.21 vs. 0.95 ± 0.26 ng/ml, P < 0.05), and CK-MB levels (6.70 ± 1.25 vs. 11.51 ± 2.35 ng/ml, P < 0.05) obviously decreased in the W + IPC group. Compared with the C group, myocardial expressions of LC3-II (0.46 ± 0.04 and 0.56 ± 0.04 vs. 0.36 ± 0.04, P < 0.05) and beclin-1 (0.34 ± 0.08 and 0.38 ± 0.07 vs. 0.24 ± 0.03, P < 0.05) evidently increased, and myocardial expressions of mTOR (0.26 ± 0.08 and 0.25 ± 0.07 vs. 0.38 ± 0.06, P < 0.05), PI3K (0.29 ± 0.04 and 0.30 ± 0.03 vs. 0.38 ± 0.02, P < 0.05), and P-Akt/Akt ratio (0.49 ± 0.10 and 0.48 ± 0.06 vs. 0.72 ± 0.07, P < 0.05) markedly decreased in the IRI and R groups, indicating an increased autophagy. Compared with the IRI group, myocardial expression of beclin-1 (0.26 ± 0.03 vs. 0.34 ± 0.08, P < 0.05) significantly decreased, and myocardial expressions of mTOR (0.36 ± 0.04 vs. 0.26 ± 0.08, P < 0.05), PI3K (0.37 ± 0.03 vs. 0.29 ± 0.04, P < 0.05), and P-Akt/Akt ratio (0.68 ± 0.05 vs. 0.49 ± 0.10, P < 0.05) increased obviously in the W + IPC group, indicating a decreased autophagy.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>Increased autophagy in the diabetic myocardium is attributable to decreased cardioprotection of IPC, and autophagy inhibited by activating the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway can result in an improved protection of IPC against diabetic myocardial IRI.</p>
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<p><b>Background</b>Oxygen-glucose deprivation-nutrition resumption (OGD-NR) models on H9c2 cells are commonly used in vitro models of simulated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), but no study has assessed whether these methods for establishing in vitro models can effectively imitate the characteristics of MIRI in vivo. This experiment was designed to analyze the feasibility of six OGD-NR models of MIRI.</p><p><b>Methods</b>By searching the PubMed database using the keywords "myocardial reperfusion injury H9c2 cells," we obtained six commonly used OGD-NR in vitro models of MIRI performed on H9c2 cells from more than 400 published papers before January 30, 2017. For each model, control (C), simulated ischemia (SI), and simulated ischemia-reperfusion (SIR) groups were assigned, and cell morphology, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and inflammatory cytokines were examined to evaluate the characteristics of cell injury. Subsequently, a coculture system of cardiomyocyte-endothelial-macrophage was constructed. The coculture system was dealt with SI and SIR treatments to test the effect on cardiomyocytes survival.</p><p><b>Results</b>For models 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, SI treatment caused morphological damage to cells, and subsequent SIR treatment did not cause further morphological damage. In the models 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, LDH release was significantly higher in the SI groups than that in the C group (P < 0.05), and was significantly lower in the SIR groups than that in the SI groups (P < 0.05), except for no significant differences in the LDH release between C, SI and SIR groups in model 6 receiving a 3-h SI treatment. In models 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, compared with the C group, ATP levels of the SI groups significantly decreased (P < 0.05), ROS levels increased (P < 0.05), and MMP levels decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the SI group, ATP level of the SIR groups was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and there was no significant ROS production, MMP collapse, and over inflammatory response in the SIR groups. In a coculture system of H9c2 cells-endothelial cells-macrophages, the proportion of viable H9c2 cells in the SIR groups was not reduced compared with the SI groups.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>All the six OGD-NR models on H9c2 cells in this experiment can not imitate the characteristics of MIRI in vivo and are not suitable for MIRI-related study.</p>
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Humans , Apoptosis , Glucose , Metabolism , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury , Myocytes, Cardiac , Physiology , Oxygen , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the present situation and analyze the influence factors of self-management ability of schizophrenic patients in community. Methods A total of 122 cases of schizophrenic patients in community that have been discharged from Zhenjiang Mental Health Center were investigated and analyzed by general information questionnaire, Schizophrenia Self-Management Ability Scale, quality of life and Social Support Rating Scale. Results The scores of self-management ability of schizophrenic patients in community were (68.74 ± 10.24) points. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that long-term medication (t =2.351, P<0.05), degree of education(t =2.385, P<0.05), community rehabilitation guidance (t =3.813, P<0.01) and social support (t=2.768, P<0.01) were the influence factors of self-management ability of schizophrenic patients in community. Conclusions Schizophrenia patients in community medical staff should be aimed at strengthening the long-term medication in community rehabilitation guidance and social support, improvement, and strengthen the low degree of culture of patient care, to improve the ability of self-management.
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Objective To describe a rhesus monkey model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) established via repetitive unilateral intra-amygdala kainic acid (KA) injection and provide experimental basis for epileptogenic network and related research. Methods Eight male adult rhesus monkeys were randomly divided into KA injection group (n=6) and saline injection group (n=2). Brain stereotaxic technique, micro catheter implantation into the right amygdaloid nucleus, subcutaneous bladder connection, and continuous video-EEG monitoring were performed, and KA or saline injection into their right amygdala was achieved. Interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs), ictal discharges and behavioural performance between the two groups were compared right after injection and within 6 months of first discharge. Results Typical IEDs were recorded in the 6 monkeys from KA injection group after 2-4 times of KA injection, with focal spike waves discharges at the right temple area as manifestation; ictal discharges were recorded in 4 monkeys, with discharge patterns of discharges from the right temple area to the whole brain as manifestation, and during epileptic attack, these 4 monkeys suddenly stopped and dumbfounded without obvious limb seizures. Monkeys from the saline injection group showed no obvious abnormal behaviors. Conclusion Through a modified protocol of unilateral repetitive intra-amygdala KA injection, a rhesus monkey model with high similarity of behavioral and brain electrical features to TLE is developed.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>UEscope is a new angulated videolaryngoscope (VL). This review aimed to describe the features of UEscope and provide clinical evidences regarding the efficacy and safety of this video device in adult tracheal intubation and its roles in airway management teaching.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>The Wan Fang Data, CNKI, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant English and Chinese articles published up to January 15, 2017, using the following keywords: "HC video laryngoscope", "UE videolaryngoscope", "video laryngoscope", and "videolaryngoscopy".</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>Human case reports, case series, observable studies, and randomized controlled clinical trials were included in our search. The results of these studies and their reference lists were cross-referenced to identify a common theme.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>UEscope features the low-profile portable design, intermediate blade curvatures, all-angle adjustable monitor, effective anti-fog mechanisms, and built-in video recording function. During the past 5 years, there have been a number of clinical studies assessing the application and roles of UEscope in airway management and education. As compared with direct laryngoscope, UEscope improves laryngeal visualization, decreases intubation time (IT), and increases intubation success rate in adult patients with normal and difficult airways. These findings are somewhat different from the previous results regarding the other angulated VLs; they can provide an improved laryngeal view, but no conclusive benefits with regard to IT and intubation success rate. Furthermore, UEscope has extensively been used for intubation teaching and shown a number of advantages.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>UEscope can be used as a primary intubation tool and may provide more benefits than other VLs in patients with normal and difficult airways. However, more studies with large sample are still needed to address some open questions about clinical performance of this new VL.</p>
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Objective To compare the value of shear wave elastography (SWE)and mammography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast neoplasms.Methods Totally 96 patients with breast tumor were randomly chosen and underwent SWE andmammography.The elastic maximum value (Emax)was obtained. Taking histological diagnosis as the golden standards,we compared the two techniques' sensitivity,specificity, accuracy,positive and negative predictive value in diagnosis of breast tumors.Results The sensitivity,specificity, accuracy,positive and negative predictive value of Emax were 91.3%,94.0%,92.7%,93.3% and 92.1%, respectively.The sensitivity and accuracy of E-max were significantly better than those of x-ray (both P <0.05 ). The area under the ROC curve of Emax was 0.983 (95% CI,0.963 to 0.998).Conclusion SWE outperforms mammography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors.
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Objective To compare the value of shear wave elastography (SWE)and mammography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast neoplasms.Methods Totally 96 patients with breast tumor were randomly chosen and underwent SWE andmammography.The elastic maximum value (Emax)was obtained. Taking histological diagnosis as the golden standards,we compared the two techniques' sensitivity,specificity, accuracy,positive and negative predictive value in diagnosis of breast tumors.Results The sensitivity,specificity, accuracy,positive and negative predictive value of Emax were 91.3%,94.0%,92.7%,93.3% and 92.1%, respectively.The sensitivity and accuracy of E-max were significantly better than those of x-ray (both P <0.05 ). The area under the ROC curve of Emax was 0.983 (95% CI,0.963 to 0.998).Conclusion SWE outperforms mammography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors.
ABSTRACT
Objective The inadvertent lateral ventricle puncture is still a problem in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) surgery,to which a solution is found in this study with a better choice of electrode angle in STN-DBS by reconstruction of the lateral ventricle and STN.Methods Forty patients with Parkinson's disease,admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to December 2015,were chosen in our study.According to the MRI data of the patients,the lateral ventricle and STN were reconstructed with mimics software;Evans indexes were measured,and the volume of lateral ventricle was reconstructed.Different lateral ventricle and STN planes were captured by using different Ring angles (50-60°,n=11),and the Slide angles of these planes were measured.The patients were divided into two groups according to their age:Group A (60-79-year-old) and Group B (40-59-year-old);their volume of lateral ventricle was measured and compared between the two groups;the correlation between age and volume of lateral ventricle was analyzed;the difference of electrode angle was compared between the two groups and the right and left side of the same group;according to the Evans indexes,these patients were then divided into three groups,the Slide angle and Ring angles were measured and the different angles between left and right brain and among the Evans groups were analyzed so as to give a recommended angle in the STN-DBS.Results Age was positively related to the volume of lateral ventricle,and left one and right volume of lateral ventricle (Pearson correlation index:0.364,0.384 and 0.362),which had statistical significance (P＜0.05).No significant difference on electrode angle was noted between group A and B of different Ring angles (P＞0.05),while significant difference was noted on right and left electrode angle between the two groups (P＜0.05).Positive correlations were noted between volume of lateral ventricle and both Evans indexes and electrode angle,and difference was noted on electrode angle in different Evans indexes groups (P＜0.05).The recommended angle was listed according to the difference of side and Evans' index.Conclusions Age is positively related to volume of lateral ventricle,however,the correlation between age and angle is not clear.Considering the difference of sides and Evans' index,we make a list of Ring and Slide angles as recommendation for deep brain stimulation.