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Objective To investigate the application effect of case-based teaching versus traditional teaching in the optional course of maternal and child nutrition for medical undergraduates.Methods The students who completed the course through the traditional teaching method in 2016 were enrolled as control group,and those who completed the course through the case-based teaching method in 2017 were enrolled as experimental group.In the process of teaching,the teachers in the experimental group needed to write cases,prepare lessons collectively,give guidance and inspiration,and summarize after class.During the learning process,the students in the experimental group needed to collect information before class and perform role play,group discussion,and intergroup communication about the case during class.After the course ended,a questionnaire for nutrition during pregnancy preparation,pregnancy,and lactation,breastfeeding,and complementary feeding was developed for assessment.With sex and grade as related factors,SPSS 18.0 was used for the chi-square test of two sample rates according to knowledge points,and the correct rate of each item was analyzed.Results A total of 107 valid questionnaires were collected from the control group,and 109 valid questionnaires were collected from the experimental group.For the questions on the knowledge of maternal and child nutrition,the experimental group had slightly higher correct rates than the control group (all P＞0.05).For the questions on the comprehension and practical application of the knowledge of maternal and child nutrition,the experimental group had significantly higher correct rates than the control group (all P＜0.05).Further stratified analysis based on sex and grade showed that the experimental group had higher correct rates than the control group.Conclusion Compared with traditional teaching,case-based teaching may not have advantages in enhancing students' memorizing ability,but it can make it easier for students to understand the theoretical knowledge of matemal and child nutrition and master the practical application of such knowledge.
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Objective To study the levels of antibodies against bordetella pertussis among pregnant women and neonates in Beijing. Method From December 2016 to March 2017, pregnant women and their newborns from three women and children′s hospitals in Beijing were enrolled in this study. 3 ml of venous blood from the mothers and 3 ml of umbilical cord blood from neonates were drawn.Pertussis bacillus IgG antibody (PER-IgG) and pertussis toxin IgG antibody (PT-IgG) were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. χ2 test was used to compare the positive rate of pertussis IgG antibodies in maternal and cord blood in the three hospitals. Correlational analyses of the antibodies levels in each hospital were conducted. The demographic characteristics, history of cough during pregnancy and history of DTaP vaccination of the mothers were collected via questionnaires. Result A total of 612 pairs of venous blood and cord blood samples were collected, including 4 mothers delivered twins and 616 cases of cord blood sample were collected. No history of pertussis were found in the 612 mothers. Among the 616 cases of umbilical cord blood, positive rate of PER-IgG was 13.3％ (82/616), positive rate of PT-IgG was 0.5％ (3/616). Among 612 cases of venous blood from the mothers, positive rate of PER-IgG was 7.7％ (47/612), positive rate of PT-IgG was 0.3％ (2/612). Positive rates of PER-IgG and PT-IgG in the mothers′ venous blood were not correlated with their residences (P=0.676 and 0.544). Positive rates of PER-IgG (r=0.842, P<0.001) and PT-IgG (r=0.619, P<0.001) in the mothers′ blood were positively correlated with the positive rate in umbilical cord blood. Conclusion This study shows that the positive rate of PER-IgG is very low in the maternal and umbilical cord blood in Beijing. Positive correlations of PER-IgG and PT-IgG between mother and umbilical cord blood were existed. Most mothers and their newborns do not have enough protection against pertussis.
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Objective To summarize the routine application of neonatal lung ultrasound in neonatal and NICU department of our hospital in the past 2 years,and to explore the feasibility of using ultrasound in-stead of X-ray in diagnosing pulmonary diseases in neonatal ward. Methods From March 2017 to May 2019,a total of 2 874 children hospitalized in the department of neonatology in our hospital were collected to analyze the types of pulmonary diseases and the reliability of lung ultrasound diagnosis. Results A total of 2 874 children received lung ultrasound examination for 7 902 times,including 1 040 patients(36. 2%) with pulmonary disease and 1 834 patients(63. 8%)without pulmonary disease. There were 152 cases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,112 cases of wet lung,652 cases of pneumonia,87 cases of meconium aspira-tion syndrome,12 cases of pneumothorax ( including 1 case with mediastinal emphysema),and 25 cases of pulmonary hemorrhage. Among the 2 874 children,106 received X-ray examination of the lungs before admis-sion,and received dynamic monitoring of lung ultrasound. Ninety-six cases were found to have pulmonary lesions,among which 8 cases were diagnosed with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome by X-ray examina-tion and wet lung by lung ultrasound,and recovered quickly after treatment according to wet lung. In 2 cases, X-ray examination showed no pneumonia complicated with pneumothorax,while ultrasound diagnosis showed a small amount of pneumothorax, and ultrasound diagnosis showed pneumonia complicated with a small amount of pleural effusion in 1 case. The diagnostic coincidence rate was 91. 7%. Conclusion It is feasible to use ultrasound instead of X-ray to diagnose pulmonary diseases in neonatal wards. Ultrasonic diagnosis of neonatal pulmonary diseases is worth promoting.
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Applying scientific literature in the teaching of nutrition and food hygiene is neces-sary. It can not only deepen students' understanding of the course and improve students' English level and scientific research ability, but also can improve teachers' professional skill. To improve the effi-ciency of teaching, teachers should choose literature close to the course and pay attention to selecting review literature and English literature. Textbook should be principal line of study during the teach-ing. Teachers should control the number and timing of explaining literature and grasp the complexity of literature. In order to facilitate students' understanding, teachers should make full use of related figures and tables.
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the effect of maintaining integrity of epithelial cells by increasing occludin protein expression,and the effect is related with the up-regulation of occludin mRNA.
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Short chain fatty acids(SCFA) are produced in the large bowel of humans by anaerobic bacterial fermentation.The main fermentative substrates are undigested dietary carbohydrates,including nonstarch polysaccharides and resistant starch(RS).SCFA are major organic acids in the lumen of the large intestine.They are preferred energy source for colonocytes.Their effects include enhancement of electrolyte uptake,stimulation of colon epithelial cell proliferation and mucosa growth,modulation of colonic immune function,nutritional support and protection of colon mucosa.Butyric acid can suppress colon neoplasm cell proliferation,induce its apoptosis and differentiation,affect proto-onc genes expression,which suggest that butyrate may be an important agent in cancer treatment.
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With the development of society and living condition,the incidences of fatty liver and other diseases like hypertension,cardiovascular disease and diabetes have increasd by several factors.This review discussed the cause,mechanism and therapy of fatty liver.The emphasis was put on the object and principle of nutritional therapy.Generally,the treatment of fatty liver includes control of the underlying causes,nutritional therapy,proper physical exercise,upbeat life-rhythm and a certain workload.Plasmapheresis and oxygen therapy are the new methods.