Epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Shaanxi Province from 1953 to 2017 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in 1955-2016 and the third epidemic period in shaanxi province, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of rabies. Methods The historical epidemic data from 1853 to 2003, the rabies surveillance data from Chinese diesase prevention and control information system from 2004 to 2017, and the rabies patient case survey data from 2009 to 2017 were collected to conduct the analysis. Results From 1953 to 2017, there were three epidemics of human rabies in Shaanxi Province. In 2009-2017, 270 cases of rabies were reported, and rabies cases occurred every month. Cases were mainly concentrated in Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi, and occasional cases were reported in northern Shaanxi. The male-female ratio is 2.51 ∶〗1, and the occupational composition was dominated by farmers (84.4%). Injured dogs were mainly domesticated dogs, the ratio of domestic and stray dogs was 13.07 ∶〗1. The exposure level was mainly grade Ⅲ (84.23%). The wounds of 60% cases were not treated after the injury, and the rabies vaccination rate and immunoglobulin utilization rate were both low. Conclusions The public's awareness of the dangers of rabies was still insufficient, so that there was no standard treatment after canine bite, which causes disease. It is necessary to increase the publicity of rabies prevention and control knowledge. The focus should be placed on remote areas and rural areas, and the public should be advocated to take the initiative to use the reimbursement policy for medical treatment.

Percutaneous short segment pedicle screw fixation with vertebral augmentation for the treatment of single level thoracolumbar osteoporosis fracture / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the safety and clinical effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty and pedicle screw fixation in treating osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April 2011 to April 2014, 32 patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fracture were treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty and pedicle screw fixation. There were 13 males and 19 females, aged in ranging from 60 to 73 years old(averaged 65.6 years). All fractures were single thoracolumbar fracture and 4 cases located on T₁₁, 9 on T₁₂, 16 on L₃; and 3 on L₂. Cobb angle, vertebral anterior compression rate, vertebral posterior compression rate, spinal canal occupying ratio were compared, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) were analyzed before and after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operation time was 65.7 min(ranged, 60 to 120 min) and blood loss was 25.2 ml (ranged, 20 to 50 ml). The operative incisions obtained primary healing. All patients were followed up from 12 to 48 months with an average of 20.6 months. Vertebral anterior compression rate and vertebral posterior compression rate were respectively corrected from preoperative (49.70±5.89)%, (17.36±4.11)% to (6.00±2.10)%, (5.48±1.65)% at 2 d after operation, and (6.06±1.57)%, (5.68±1.82)% at last follow up. Cobb angle and spinal canal occupying ratio were respectively corrected from preoperative (13.34±3.56)°, (22.77±5.83)% to(2.86±0.95)°, (5.02±1.93)% at 2 d after operation, and (3.04±0.94)°, (5.15±1.93)% at last follow up. VAS and ODI were respectively decreased from preoperative (6.84±0.88)points, (77.50±5.10)% to(1.94±0.72) points, (17.94±4.82)% at 2 d after operation, and (1.63±0.83) points, (15.63±5.19)% at last follow up. Cement leakage occurred in 3 cases. No internal fixation failure and intractable lower back pain were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Percutaneous vertebroplasty and pedicle screw fixation could restore vertebral body height, improve spinal canal occupying, correct kyphosis, relieve pain, improve life quality, and it is a safe and effective method in treating osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fracture.</p>

Influence of Inner Circular Sealing Area Impression Method on the Retention of Complete Dentures

The aims of the present study were to describe an impression method of "inner circular sealing area" and to evaluate the effect of the method on retention, aesthetics and comfort of complete dentures, which lack labial base for patients with maxillary protrusions. Three patients were subjected to the experiment, and two sets of complete maxillary dentures were made for each patient; the first set was made without labial base via an inner circular sealing area method (experimental group) and the second had an intact base that was made with conventional methods (control group). Retention force tests were implemented with a tensile strength assessment device to assess the retention and a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the comfort between the two groups. Results showed larger retention force, better aesthetics and more comfort in the experimental group. The improved two-step impression method formed an inner circular sealing area that prevented damage to the peripheral border seal effect of the denture caused by incomplete bases and obtained better denture retention.

O objetivo deste caso foi descrever um método de impressão por "área de selamento circular interno" e avaliar o efeito deste método na retenção, estética e conforto de próteses totais sem base labial para pacientes com protrusão maxilar. Três pacientes foram objeto desta experiência e foram feitas duas próteses maxilares completas para cada um deles; a primeira foi elaborada sem base labial pelo método de área de selamento circular interno (grupo experimental) e a outra teve uma base feita pelo método convencional (grupo controle). Foram realizados testes de retenção com estudo de tensão para avaliar a retenção e para avaliação do conforto dos dois grupos, foi empregada a escala analógica visual (EAV). Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo experimental apresentou força de retenção maior, estética melhor e mais conforto. O método modificado de impressão em duas etapas formou uma área de selamento circular interno que evitou danos ao selamento periférico causados por bases incompletas e obteve melhor retenção da prótese.

Pedicle screw at the fracture level and vertebroplasty via paraspinal approach for the treatment of old thoracolumbar fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and safety of the treatment for thoracolumbar fractures with pedicle screw at the fracture level and vertebroplasty via paraspinal approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2007 to August 2010, 22 old patients with thoracolumbar fractures were treated with pedicle screw at the fracture level and vertebroplasty via paraspinal approach. There were 14 males and 8 females, ranging in age from 60 to 71 years (mean, 64.6 years). The time from injury to surgery varied from 1 to 4 d (mean,2.7 d). All the patients suffered from single thoracolumbar fractures and located at T11 in 2 cases, at T12 in 5 cases, at L1 in 11 cases and at L2 in 4 cases. According to the Denis fracture classification, there were 6 compression fractures and 16 burst fractures. The mean preoperative load-sharing classification of spine fractures was 5.4 score. The mean preoperative thoracolumbar injury classification and scoring was 5.2. Based on the ASIA neurologic grading system, preoperative neurological function was grade B in 2 cases,grade C in 3 cases, grade D in 7 cases and grade E in 10 cases. The neurological function, vertebral central and anterior height, kyphotic angle of the vertebral fractures by radiographs and visual analog scale were calculated pre-operatively, post-operatively and at the last follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Median operating time was 60.8 min (ranged from 50 to 95 min) and median blood loss was 84 ml (ranged from 50 to 130 ml). The operative incisions were healed well. The duration of follow-up averaged 21.6 months (ranged from 12 to 48 months). The anterior vertebral body height was corrected from preoperative (52.3 +/- 10.3) % to postoperative (6.1 +/- 4.2) % and (6.8 +/- 5.4) % at the last follow-up. The central vertebral body height was corrected from preoperative (38.9 +/- 11.2) % to postoperative (8.3 +/- 4.7) % and (9.4 +/- 4.5)% at the last follow-up. The Cobbs angle of the injured vertebral segment was corrected from preoperative (19.5 +/- 9.5) degrees to postoperative (4.3 +/- 4.1) degrees and (6.2 +/- 4.7) degrees at the last follow-up. The VAS scores reduced from preoperative 8.56 +/- 0.88 to post-operative 3.48 +/- 0.91 and 3.20 +/- 0.92 at the last follow-up. The postoperative neurologic function of all 22 patients improved 1 to 2 degrees except 10 patients of grade E. There were no instances of instrumentation failure and no patient had persistent postoperative back pain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pedicle screw at the fracture level and vertebroplasty via paraspinal approach has the advantages of less invasive and blood loss, and could prevent the development of kyphosis and offers improvement of the spinal cord function. Furthermore, it could decrease the risks of postoperative back pain and the failure of instrumentation.</p>

Application of Altemeier procedure in the emergent management of acute incarcerated rectal prolapse / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the perineal rectosigmoidectomy(Altemeier procedure) in the emergent management of acute incarcerated rectal prolapse.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical and follow-up data of 9 patients with acute incarcerated rectal prolapse undergone Altemeier procedure were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operation time was 1.7 (range 1.0-1.5) hours. The mean total blood loss during surgery was 109 (50-200) ml. The mean time to the first bowel movements was 2.8(1-6) days after surgery. The hospital stay was 5.3(3-10) days. There were no postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage, intra-abdominal infection, or urogenital dysfunction. One patient developed thrombosis in the mesorectum and one patient had symptoms of anal discomfort. After a mean follow-up of 3.5(5 months-6.5 years) years, no patient had recurrent prolapse. Six months after operation, anal function was Kirwan grade I( in 8 cases and grade II( in 1 case. All the patients were satisfied with the result.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Altemeier procedure can result in good postoperative anal function when treating incarcerated rectal prolapse, which should be the first choice in emergency treatment.</p>

Value of protective stoma in intersphincteric resection for ultra-low rectal cancer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of protective stoma in intersphincteric resection (ISR) for ultra-low rectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 56 ultra-low rectal cancer patients without involvement of external anal sphincter treated during January 1999 to July 2009 with trans-anal ISR plus trans-abdominal total mesorectum excision and coloanal anastomosis were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received protective ostomy: ostomy group (16 cases) and ostomy-free group (40 cases). The postoperative complications as well as anal functional restoration were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixteen cases (32.1%) of the 56 patients received protective stoma. The complication rate of anastomosis and anus complication rate in the ostomy-free group were significantly higher than those in ostomy group [35.0% (14/40) and 40.0% (16/40) vs. 1/16 and 1/16; P < 0.05]. In the ostomy-free group, one patient developed anastomotic dehiscence and tumor recurrence, the patients was given permanent colostomy, and the other three patients with lesions in the anastomosis and anus received ostomy and secondary surgical treatment, with a reoperation rate of 10.0% (4/40). The anal function of patients in the two groups were both decreased after the operation. The rate of patients got Kirwan grade I anal sphincter function in the 3rd, 6th and 12th month after protective stoma operation was 11/16, 13/15 and 11/13 in the ostomy group, respectively; and those were 30.0%, 37.5% and 45.0% in the ostomy-free group, respectively. Anal function was significantly better in the ostomy group than that in the ostomy-free group during the same postoperative period (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Protective stoma can avoid anastomotic leakage following ISR for ultra-low rectal cancer, and alleviate the suffering of anal incontinence in the early postoperative period, and is conducive to the restoration of anal function.</p>

Audiological and genetic studies on 130 infants with hearing loss / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic etiologies in the 0- 3-years-old infants with hearing loss and to analyze the interaction between genetics and environmental factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total of 130 infants were performed detailed audiological evaluation as well as the detection of the popular deafness gene mutations in GJB2 gene, SLC26A4 and mtDNA12SrRNA. Of them, 84 cases were performed the computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examinations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 130 cases, 54 infants were diagnosed as large vestibular aqueduct syndrome, while seven of 130 were as auditory neuropathy and the others were diagnosed as sensorineural hearing loss. Considering of the risks of etiologies for hearing loss, 85 of them had the experiences of the high risk factors at birth (65.4%, 85/130), while 23 of them had the exposure of aminoglycoside antibiotics, and 13 had the family history background as well as two cases were from the consanguineous families. In the causative genes screening, 42 infants were caused by the mutations of SLC26A4 gene (32.3%), but 14 infants found the mutations in GJB2 gene (4.6%), and no infants carried the mutation in mtDNA 12SrRNA 1555G and 1494T points in our studies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In our studies, about 36.9% infants hearing loss cases can be found the mutations in SLC26A4 and GJB2 genes. It is essential to put the idea into the hearing evaluation combined with genetic testing for the diagnoses of hearing loss. It is also helpful for exploring the etiologies of hearing loss and performing the target genetic consulting for decreasing the prevalence of deafness in the future.</p>

Combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and trans-abdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and transabdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The distance from the distal incisal margin of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm on an average of 2.1 cm. For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with neoplasia and 3 giant villous adenoma. For pathological stages, there were 18 cases at stage pTNM I, 5 at IIA, 1 at IIB, 4 at IIIA, 1 at III and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4. In these 34 patients, there were 3 cases with postoperative anastomotic stenosis, 2 with postoperative anastomotic rupture, 2 with rectovaginal fistula and no operative death. Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation. However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year. After operation, anastomotic recurrence was found in 1 case in 5 months, liver metastasis in 1 case in 10 months and 28 months respectively, cardiac sudden death in 1 case in 26 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.</p>

Clinical application of intersphincteric resection in the anal-preserving operation for ultra-low rectal carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical application of intersphincter resection (ISR) combined with total mesorectal excision (TME) and colon-anal anastomosis in the treatment for ultra-low rectal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To review and analyze retrospectively the data of 34 patients with ultra-low rectal carcinoma (without external anal sphincter involvement) who received treatment of ISR, TME and colon-anal anastomosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Partial resection of internal sphincter was performed in the patients with a distal edge of the tumor greater than or equal to 2 cm from the dentate line. Subtotal removal of the rectum was performed between 1 cm and 2 cm. Total resection was performed in less than 1 cm or involvement of dentate line. Reconstruction of digestive tract was done by manual colon-anal anastomosis. The average distance from distal excised margin to the tumor was 2.3 (1.8 - 3.2) cm among 34 patients. The pathological types were as follows: 28 cases of adenocarcinoma (11 were well differentiated, 17 moderately differentiated), 1 case of papillary carcinoma and 5 cases of villous adenoma with malignant change. The postoperative pathological stages were: Dukes stage A in 28 cases, stage B in 1 and stage C in 5 cases. The pTNM staging was 28 cases in phase I, 1 in phase IIa, 4 in phase IIIa and 1 in phase IIIb. The T stages of the patients were as following: 16 Tl, 17 T2 and 1 T3. Postoperative anastomotic stenosis occurred in 3 cases, anastomotic dehiscence in 2 cases and rectovaginal fistula in 2 cases. The ability of controlling feces of patients decreased significantly in the early postoperative period, and restored gradually at 6 to 12 months after operation. Anastomotic recurrence occurred in 1 case at 5 months after operation and liver metastasis in 1 case at 40 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With strictly grasping indications, radical resection can be attained and anal sphincter preserved by ISR combined with TME and colon-anal anastomosis. It is an effective sphincter-preserving operation.</p>

Sex determination by discriminant analysis of calcaneal measurements on the lateral digital radiography / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Five measurements of the calcaneus taken on digital radiography (DR) of adults of Han Population of Sichuan Province were selected to determine sex by multivariate discriminant analysis.@*METHODS@#Lateral radiographs of calcaneus taken from 393 subjects were collected. The samples were randomly divided into the experimental group (148 males and 186 females) and the examined group (26 males and 33 females). Five measurements were taken from the radiography. The analysis of variance (AVON) was carried out to determine if there was significant difference between the male and female. The discriminant functions were drawn by Fisher discriminant analysis. The effects of all obtained functions were evaluated with the examined samples.@*RESULTS@#There was statistically significant difference in the five measurements between the males and the females (P<0.05). Six groups of discriminant functions were obtained with an accuracy ranged from 78.4% to 88.9%. When applied on the examined samples, the sex discriminant accuracy varied from 79.7% to 86.4%.@*CONCLUSION@#These five measurements acquired from the lateral radiographs of calcaneus could be used for sex assessment during forensic identification of individuals.

Correlation between phonetically balanced maximum and pure tone auditory threshold among 106 auditory neuropathy patients / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate correlation between phonetically balanced maximum (PB max) and pure tone auditory threshold in auditory neuropathy (AN) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and six AN patients were identified using multiple criteria including PB max, a metric for speech recognition, pure tone auditory threshold, acoustic emission test, distortion products otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR). SPSS statistical software was used to estimate the Pearson's correlation between PB max and pure tone auditory threshold and to test whether pure tone auditory threshold, or auditory configuration had a significant impact on PB max.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Even the patients had the same or similar values for pure tone auditory threshold or auditory configuration, varied values of PB max were found in two hundreds and twelve ears for 106 patients. Analysis of the data for 106 patients revealed a negative correlation (r = -0. 602, P <0. 01) between PB max and pure tone auditory threshold, i. e. hearing loss at a mild relates to a lower PB max. By using analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, it was found that both pure tone auditory threshold and auditory configuration had a significant (P <0.01) impact on the patients' PB max.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This analysis implicated the promise and potential of pure tone auditory threshold and auditory configuration for predicting PB max of the AN patients, and improving the diagnosis of AN.</p>

A study of three different procedures for avulsion fracture of tibial intercondylar eminence / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical outcomes and differences among three surgical procedures for avulsion fracture of tibial intercondylar eminence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 1995 to October 2005, 3 different procedures had been performed on 49 patients, which included open reduction and internal fixation (Group A, n = 17), arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation( Group B, n = 19) and limited open reduction and internal fixation assisted with arthroscopy (Group C, n = 13). All patients were followed up for 1 to 10 years (average 4. 6 years).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the 3 groups, normal extension function were 35.5%, 16.0% and 38.0%, mild abnormal 35.5%, 11.0% and 23.0%, moderate abnormal 29.0%, 47.0% and 31.0%; and severe abnormal were 0,26.0% and 8.0%. Normal flexion were 82.0%, 78.0% and 84.0%, mild abnormal 12.0%, 11.0% and 8.0%, moderate abnormal 6.0%, 11.0% and 8.0%. The positive rate of Lachman's or anterior drawer test were 35.0%, 45.0% and 38.0%; McIntoshi test were 11.0%, 16.0% and 13.0% respectively for 3 groups. Lysholm' scale were average 98.6, 97.3 and 98.2; Tegner' scale were 6.6, 6.4 and 6.7. KT-2000 showed that anterior translation of tibial were 6.9, 7.1 and 6.6 mm; side to side difference were 11.4, 1.7 and 1.5 mm, except that statistically significant differences were found in extension function between group A and group B (P = 0.02). There were no any statistically significant differences in other aspects.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Limited open and properly over reduction and three dimensional as well as strong internal fixation assisted with arthroscopy should been attempted for the treatment of avulsion fracture of tibial intercondylar eminence.</p>

Combined treatment of landfill leachate with fecal supernatant in sequencing batch reactor / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

A laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is used to treat landfill leachate containing high concentration of ammonium nitrogen with municipal fecal supernatant. The SBR system is operated in the following sequential phases: fill period, anoxic period, aeration period, settling period, decant and idle period. The results indicated that the average removal efficiencies of COD, BOD(5), TN,NH(4)(+)-N were 93.76%, 98.28%, 84.74% and 99.21%, respectively. The average sludge removal loading rates of COD, BOD(5), TN and NH(4)(+)-N were 0.24 kg/(kg SS.d), 0.08 kg/(kg SS.d), 0.04 kg/(kg SS.d) and 0.036 kg/(kg SS.d), respectively. Highly effective simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was achieved in the SBR system. The ratio of nitrification and denitrification was 99% and 84%, respectively. There was partial NO(2)(-) denitrification in the system.

Auditory evoked potentials recorded in monkeys with hallucinatory-like behaviors induced by bromocriptine / 神经科学通报·英文版

Objective Bromocriptine and other dopamine D2 receptor agonists can affect a range of behaviors in nonhuman primates, particularly those behaviors associated with motor and mental function, such as suppressant behaviors and hallucinatory-like behaviors in monkeys. Besides bromocriptine, the dysfunction of the rapid eye movement sleep (REM) mechanism may also contribute to hallucinations. Dissociation of wakefulness, REM, and non-REM (NREM) can cause a series of psychotic symptoms. Methods We simultaneously recorded auditory evoked potentials (AEP) from five cerebral regions in monkeys during normal and psychotomimetic states to investigate and compare state-dependent changes in AEP. Results Phase reversal of peak-to-baseline amplitude of 250 ms component (PBA250) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was common characteristic of hallucinatory-like and REM, and that hallucinatory-like and REM shared the equivalent modulatory orderliness of the PBA250 in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This result suggests that hallucinatory-like and REM share an equivalent electrophysiological modulatory in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Conclusion These results reveal that emergence of the N250 in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is an exclusive marker that may help to discern whether hallucinatory-like behaviors is exhibited, which suggests that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be the most pivotal region for exhibition of hallucinatory-like behaviors.

Relationship between chronic hepatitis C and type II diabetes mellitus / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To study the relationship between HCV infection and the development of type II diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1. The case record files of 126 patients with chronic hepatitis C vs. 227 with chronic hepatitis B were reviewed and the laboratory and demographic data were extracted. 2. Anti-HCV and HBsAg were determined for 160 type II diabetes patients and 223 healthy adults by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. The occurrence of diabetes in patients with chronic hepatitis C was 19.05%, higher than 8.37% in patients with chronic hepatitis B (P<0.01). Age and HCV infection were independent risk factors for diabetes. 2. Five patients with type II diabetes were anti-HCV positive (3.12%) while none of the 223 healthy adults was anti-HCV positive (P<0.05). Seven patients with diabetes (4.37%) and 12 healthy adults (5.38%)were HBsAg positive (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>1. The occurrence of diabetes was significantly higher in patients with HCV related liver disease than in patients with HBV related liver disease. 2. The occurrence of anti HCV was higher in diabetes patients than in healthy adults. HCV may play a role in the development of diabetes mellitus.</p>

Specific neural basis of Chinese idioms processing:an event-related functional MRI study / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To address the neural basis of Chinese idioms processing with different kinds of stimuli using an event-related fMRI design.Methods Sixteen native Chinese speakers were asked to perform a semantic decision task during fMRI scanning.Three kinds of stimuli were used: Real idioms (Real-idiom condition);Literally plausible phrases (Pseudo-idiom condition,the last character of a real idiom was replaced by a character with similar meaning);Literally implausible strings (Non-idiom condition,the last character of a real idiom was replaced by a character with unrelated meaning).Reaction time and correct rate were recorded at the same time.Results The error rate was 2.6%,5.2% and 0.9% (F = 3.51,P0.05 )for real idioms,pseudo-idioms and wrong idioms, respectively.Similar neural network was activated in all of the three conditions.However,the right hippocampus was only activated in the real idiom condition,and significant activations were found in anterior portion of left inferior frontal gyrus (BA47)in real-and pseudo-idiom conditions,but not in non-idiom condition.Conclusion The right hippocampus plays a specific role in the particular wording of the Chinese idioms.And the left anterior inferior frontal gyms (BA47)may be engaged in the semantic processing of Chinese idioms.The results support the notion that there were specific neural bases for Chinese idioms processing.