ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the current status of prevalence, prevention and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in rural area in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey of COPD was conducted in Beijing city, Shanghai city, Guangdong province, Liaoning province,Tianjin city, Chongqing province and Shanxi province. A population-based cluster sample was randomly selected from each rural area. In the selected community,all residents at least 40 years old were recruited,and interviewed with a modified standardized questionnaire from the international burden of obstructive lung diseases (BOLD) study. All participants were tested with spirometry. Those with airflow limitation were performed on post-bronchedilator spirometry. The post-bronchedilator a ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) less than 70% was defined as the diagnostic criteria of COPD. Results (1) Data of 9434 participants was valid for analysis, with a valid response rate of 83. 6% ;the prevalence of COPD in rural was 8. 8% (830/9434), 12. 8% in male and 5.4% in female. (2)The percentage of smoking and the exposure to biomass smoke in rural was 43. 0% (4059/9434) and 83. 1% (7835/9434) respectively; cigarettes cessation rate was 17.5% ; only 12. 4% ( 502/4059 ) of smokers had received advice to quit smoking. (3) Among COPD patients, only 30. 0% (249/830) had ever been diagnosed as COPD, bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma, 2. 4% (20/830) had ever received spirometric tests, and 74. 5% were current smokers; only 7.9% (50/634)COPD patients in stage two or over had received regular drug treatment. Conclusion There was high prevalence and poor prevention and management for COPD in rural areas. Therefore, an enforced prevention and management for COPD are urgent.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of long term preventive treatment and patient education on asthmatic patients after acute attack Methods Prevention,treatment,and education were underwent for two to five years in 78 asthmatic patients after acute attack Frequency of exacerbation,lung function and laboratory parameters were monitored while treatment regimen was adjusted according to above results Results Regular prevention and management resulted in improvement of lung function and symptom as well as quality of life in all the patients Mmeanwhile less frequences of acute attack,emergency department visit,and hospital stay were observed,leading to reduction of medical expenditure Conclusion Long term prevention,treatment and education for asthmatic patients after acute attack are effective for better asthma control
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate CTLA4-Ig's potential role in therapy for allergic asthma by blocking B7/CD28 interactions with cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4-Ig (CTLA4-Ig).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We divided BALB/C mice into the three groups: Sham/Sham (control), ovalbumin (OVA)/OVA and mCTLA4-Ig. Blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, histology and determination of cytokines were performed 24 hours after airway challenge.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the OVA/OVA group, the number of cells, the percentage of inflamed cells and the level of IL-4 in BALF were increased. Airways in our murine model for allergic asthma underwent pathological changes, which were significantly reduced after treatment with mCTLA4-Ig.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Blockage of co-stimulation with mCTLA4-Ig can inhibit allergy-specific response of T cells, and asthmatic response as well.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Abatacept , Asthma , Allergy and Immunology , Pathology , Therapeutics , Immunoconjugates , Therapeutic Uses , Interleukin-4 , Blood , Leukocyte Count , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Trachea , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1 )induced by cigarette smoking extract(CSE) as well as the influence of the adenovirus E1A gene in pulmonary epithelial cells.Methods:A549 cells were transfected with a plasmid carrying the adenovirus E1A gene and stable trasfectants expressing E1A protein were selected. The cells were tested for the expression of ICAM-1 after stimulation with different concentrations of CSE.Results:ICAM-1expression was increased in A549 markedly with CSE stimulation,and the higher CSE concentration were,the more expression of ICMA-1 was observed. As compared with parental cells or cells transfected with control plasmid, ICAM-1 expression was markedly increased with stimulation of different concentrations of CSE in E1A-positive A549 cells.Conclusion:CSE exposure induces the surface expression of ICAM-1 and adenovirus E1A gene can markedly increase ICAM-1 expression induced by CSE in pulmonary epithelial cells, which suggest that latent adenovirus infection may amplify the inflammation process present in airways of smokers.
ABSTRACT
Objective To summarize the clinical features and therapy of sarcoidosis in the South of China.Methods A retrospective analysis was perfomed in 31 patients with sarcoidosis in past 22 years.Results The most frequent age at onset of sarcoidosis was 30～50 years old.Female patients were more than that in male patients. X-ray test of chest was the major way to diagnose the disease at early stage.The typing of lymphocytes in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid(BALF) has valuable to diagnose,but confirmed diagnosis depended on biopsy of histopathology.Conclusions Glucocorticoid is effective drug treatment for the most the patients who are at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Every patient should be treated individually .If necessary,we should add immunosuppressors.