ABSTRACT
Laryngeal cancer is rare in women than in men. It is the neoplasm with the largest male to female ratio in most populations. To report the first three cases of laryngeal cancer in three Sudanese non smooker women. I report three non-smokers, married Sudanese women 32,45 and 60 years old suffering of laryngeal cancer as rare cases especially in Sudan, which were treated at Aldoha ENT specialized Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan between 2010-212. Videolaryngoscopy, plain x-ray, CT -scan of the neck and thorax and Microlarynogoscopy studies were done to all patients. Relevant literature was reviewed.The larynx was examined with microlarynogoscopy for all patients. laryngeal masses waere found in the vocal cords.Biopsies were taken and sent to the histopathology unit which it confirmed the diagnoses. Laryngeal cancer in women are in Sudan particularly in non smokers females. Further research is needed to determine its prevalence, predisposing and associated factors other than smoking
ABSTRACT
Inhalation of foreign bodies [FBs] is a common problem in Sudanese children. Its incidence has not changed significantly but the safety of removal has improved dramatically. Most of the airway FBs was in patients younger than 15 years of age. This is a retrospective study conducted in Ibn Sina and Al Doha ENT hospitals from Jan 2008 to Dec 2010 using rigid bronchoscopy in Sudanese children who had foreign bodies [FBs] in the bronchus. Result: A total of 150 bronchoscopies was performed: 89 cases [56%] were below 2 years of age;45 cases[30%] were between 2-5 years ;and 18 cases [14%] were over 5 years of age. In 88 cases [58.7%] the foreign bodies inhalations [F.Bs] were peanuts and in 27 cases [18%] were watermelon seeds, and most of the FBs were found in children under 5 years of age. Pins and needles were found in 8cases [5.3%] mostly teenage females. Most of the FBs [82.7%] were radiolucent showing minimal or no X-ray findings. Most of the bronchoscopy [80%] was done as an elective. All FBs could be found by bronchoscopy and 90% of FBs were located in the right main bronchus. Ninety percent of the FBs were successfully removed. In 5% of patients they were removed partially. In only 5% of the patients, the procedure failed. The majority of FBs which were not removed were pins and needles. Urgent tracheostomy was done for three cases [2%] to remove a large FB through the stoma. Several complications were reported either due to the inhaled FBs or due to bronchoscopic procedure. In one patient [0.7%] perforation of bronchus occurred and chest tube with under water seal was inserted. Only one cases [0.7%] had operative mortality. In two cases [1.3%] the mortality was due to inhaled FBs. Overall mortality was 2%. Certain food items especially peanuts if given to children have to be given with caution and under close supervision. In a child who develops sudden wheezes where asthma has not been previously diagnosed and no persistent chest infection was suspected, bronchoscopy should always be considered. Bronchoscopy should be performed as an elective procedure for its favorable outcome. Intraoperative tracheostomy sometimes is mandatory to remove hard and sizable FBs