Ophtalmic dirofilariasis

Background: To report a case of orbital dirofilariasis from a patient in Abadan city Southwest Iran

Case report: A 54- year- old woman referred to Abadan oil company hospital, Southwest Iran with the symptoms of tearing, irritation, swelling, and itching of the right eye. In ophthalmoscopy, a live worm was observed in sub- conjunctival space. The worm was removed and sent to the laboratory. The worm was white in color with a length of 105 mm. Based on morphological characterization identified as Dirofilaria repns

Results: We found that vitamin D3 suppresses the mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in patients with type II diabetes. TLR2 and TLR4 expression in the patients exposed to vitamin D3 were significantly decreased in comparison with patients who were not treated with vitamin D3

Conclusion: This is the second report of ocular dirofilarisis from Southwestern tropical region of Iran. Increasing of human dirofilariasis may be attributed to environmental changes with global warming, humidity and increase of mosquito vectors and breeding, agricultural development and change in social conditions, traveling and outdoor living

Human Dirofilaria repens infection of the breast: a case report

Background: dirofilariasis is a common helminthic parasitic disease in both domestic and wild animals around the world, with canines as the principal reservoir host and mosquitoes as the vector. Human dirofilariasis has been reported from many parts of the world, including Africa, Australia, the Americas, Europe, and Asia

Case Report: a 40 year old woman from Abadan city Southwest of Iran referred to surgeon with a nodule on her right breast. Ultrasound and mammography revealed a nodule diagnosed as parasitic lesion. After resection of the nodule, tissue was placed in 10% formaldehyde and sent to pathology laboratory. In histopathological examination, cross section of a worm surrounded with necrotic tissue, associated with infiltration of Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and foreign body giant cells observed which was morphologically compatible with Dirofilaria repens

Conclusion: human dirofilariasis should be considered in endemic regions

Demodicosis: a Neglected Cutaneous Parasitic Disease in Face Lesions Examination

Background: demodicosis in humans was caused by two species of Demodex called folliculorum and brevis. The disease is seen in male and female. Although, there is no clinical symptoms in individuals with normal immunity system, but in many cases, dermatitis, rough, dry and scaly skin rosacea, particularly asymmetrical papulopustular or granulomatous variants and in some cases, perioral dermatitis, blepharitis [inflammation of the eyelid margins] are observed. In this report 16 cases of demodicosis diagnosed in recent years are presented

Cases: suspected patients with dermatophytosis who referred to the laboratory were examined in this study. In sampling, slide preparation and microscopic evaluation Demodex species was observed. In two cases, co- infection of dermatophytosis and demodicosis were demonstrated. Seven [43.75%] out of 16 patients were male and nine [56.25%] were female. In this study, 16 persons [4- 52 years old] were considered. None of the patients had any information about their disease and the cause .The patients were referred to the laboratory for fungi examination

Conclusion: demodicosis is a cutaneous parasitic disease and it is necessary that the parasitologists and mycologists consider the demodicosis during the sampling, preparation of slide and microscopic examination of cutaneous lesions

Comparison of traditional methods and pcr for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in South-West of Iran

The usual method for laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis was the direct observation of parasites under a light microscope. Although this method has high specificity, it has low sensitivity. The purpose of this study is to compare three methods of direct observation, culture and Mini-exon-PCR to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khuzestan province. This study intends to compare sensitivity of PCR approach with sensitivity of the existing traditional methods to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis using Mini-exon gene. A total 216 skin biopsies prepared from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were studied though direct method, culture in NNN, culture in RPMI 1640 and Mini-exon-PCR and the sensitivity of these methods were compared with each other. In this study Mini-exon-PCR was considered as the gold standard method. Results showed that 46.7% with direct method, 35.1% with culture method in RPMI 1640,57.8% with culture methodin NNNand 70.3% withPCRwere positive.Sensitivity wasobtained 66.4% for microscopic observation, 50% for culture in RPMI1640, and 82.2% for culturein NNNand 100% forPCR. This study showed that PCR on samples stored in normal saline has higher sensitivity and specificity than other traditional methods [p<0.05]. Thus, Mini-exon-PCR on samples in normal saline is a reliable method to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis, especially in cases where the diagnosis is negative with the other methods.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis of the Lid: A Report of Nine Cases

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania species and is classified into three forms; cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. The eyelid is a rare site involved by leishmaniasis and only makes up 2.5% of cases with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Although CL can affect both upper and lower lids on either their outer or inner aspects, the lateral canthus is most often affected. The most common aspect of lid leishmaniasis is chalazion-like lesions but ulcerous, phagedenic, cancer-like forms, and unilateral chronic granulomatous blepharitis may be observed. When the lid is involved, the disease is usually self-limiting; healing usually takes up to one year, hence early diagnosis and treatment are important. The diagnosis is based on a high index of suspicion regarding the endemicity of the disease in the region. Response to treatment in lid CL cases is quite satisfactory. In this article, we report nine cases of lid leishmaniasis with satisfactory responses to intralesional meglumine antimoniate.

Comparison of some electrolytes in hydatid cyst fluid and serum of liver hydatidosis of sheep

In this study, we collected 100 samples of liver hydatid cyst and blood of infected sheep from the Ahvaz abattoir. The existing Ca, P, Mg, Na and K were measured by an auto analyzer apparatus. The result of T. student test showed that there are a significant difference between serum and fluid of cyst in all electrolytes [p<0.05]. There was also a significant difference between these electrolytes in infected sheep and normal sheep [p<0.05]. These results confirmed that the entrance of essential electrolytes have depended on selective permeability and parasite requirement. Ca and P have vital roles in the prevention of hydatid cyst fluid acidity. Understanding parasite nutrition behavior would help us to conduct a better drug treatment in inoperative cyst via selection of effective drug and adherence of this drug to biological material that promote distribution of drug to the cyst

Hydatid disease in children: a different pattern than adult

Hydatidosis is endemic in Iran. We studied hydatid cyst pattern in children, compared it with adults and present our experience. In 40 children, 76 cyst were found. There were multiple large lung cysts unilateral or bilateral in children. In the liver, the chief complaint was abdominal pain and in the lung it was chest pain and asthma-like symptoms. Lung cysts were operated first and liver cysts were postponed for 3-6 months in patients who had both liver and lung involvement. All patients were prescribed albendazole for 10 days before surgery and continued for three months. The patients were followed up by abdominal ultrasonography and chest-X- Ray every 3 months. We didn't use any scolicidal agents intraoperatively. Contrary to adults, incidence of involvement is equal in lung and liver [41% and 43%]. Combined lung and liver involvement is more frequent in children than adults [16% vs. 4%]. However, surgical complications are less frequent in children and their outcome is better

Pediatric visceral leishmanisis in the southwest part of Iran: a study of 215 cases

To study the epidemiological, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of visceral leishmaniasis [VL] in children. It is a retrospective study, hospital records of all children with diagnosis of VL were reviewed from 1991 through 2003. Hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz Jondi-Shapour University of Medical Sciences in the southwestern part of Iran. Two hundreds and fifteen patients [153 males and 62 females] were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 31 +/- 22 months. Fever and splenomegaly were present in >95% of the patients and hepatomegaly and lymphadenopathy in 76% and 3.7% of cases, respectively. Common laboratory findings were anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. All patients were treated with meglumine antimoniate.Relapse were observed in 4% of the patients and fatality rate was 5%. Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in the southwestern part of Iran. The clinical profile of the disease is typical of the Mediterranean infantile form

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis

This is the first case description of primary amebic meningoencephalitis [PAM] in an Iranian child. The patient was an eighteen months old boy referred to the hospital with signs and symptoms of acute meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] examination indicated pleocytosis with predominance of neutrophils, low sugar and high protein. Gram staining and culture of CSF for bacteria were negative. Microscopic examination of CSF revealed the motile amebae with pseudopodia. In Giemsa staining of CSF, the trophozoites of amebae were observed. The initial response to a six-week treatment course with amphotericin B, rifampin and chloramphenicol was satisfactory, but in the follow-ups the patient regressed neurologically. Although PAM is a rare and fatal disease, it should be differentiated from bacterial meningitis and treatment must be promptly carried out

Enterobius vermicularis in cerebrospinal fluid

Enterobius vermicularis is a nematod of large intestine in man. Extra intestinal localization of this parasite is rare. A 60 year old man was admitted to the hospital with the clinical manifestation of meningitis. In laboratory examination of cerebrospinal fluid [C.S.F], the appearance was red,albumin level was high and the glucose showed normal value. Haematoxylin and Eosin stained slide prepared from the precipitation revealed adults, larvae and ova of Enterobius vermicularis. This is the first report of Enterobius vermicularis in cerebrospinal fluid