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Aim: To evaluate the expression of E-cadherin (E-cad) in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Material and Method: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect E-cad expression in 20 cases each of normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Statistical Analysis Used: Inferential statistical methods for statistical analysis used were Chi-square test for comparison of the frequency between different severity of dysplasia and OSCC. Results: Upon assessing the expression of E-cad in OED and OSCC, increase in E-cad immunoreactivity was seen in early lesions. However, the expression of E-cad decreased significantly as the grade of dysplasia increased. Conclusion: We observed a significant decrease in E-cad expression from dysplasia to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma suggesting that loss of expression of E-cad is closely related to carcinoma.
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Giant parathyroid adenomas are uncommon. Its clinical management is challenging. Our study抯 goal is to share our experience with pre-operative localization of parathyroid adenomas while emphasizing the importance of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) assays in such situations. Here, we present the case of a 46-year-old woman who was diagnosed with parathyroid adenoma. The clinical aspects, pre-operative management, and surgical procedure have all been examined. Parathyroid hormone levels were reduced by 90% following surgical removal of the tumor and an IOPTH assay. IOPTH significantly improves surgical success rates in patients with only one positive imaging test result and adds significant value to surgical decision-making.
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Background: Neonatal seizures are a major risk factor for neonatal mortality and subsequent neurological disability. The incidence of seizure varies from 1.5-3.7/1000 live birth; while in NICU it can be up to 5/1000 live birth.Methods: This Descriptive type of observational study aimed to study clinical profile, aetiology in neonatal seizures and short term outcome was done in all Neonatal units attached to paediatric Department of SMS Medical College, Jaipur.Results: In the 100 cases Majority of neonates had onset of seizure <3 days (<72 hours) 53% and remaining 47% neonates had onset of seizure >3 days (>72 hours). Most common type of neonatal seizure was subtle(75%), other types were tonic seizure (17.3%), clonic seizure (5.1%) and least common type was myoclonic (2.5%). Most common cause of neonates seizure noted was birth asphyxia (73%) second common cause is pyomeningitis and third common cause is hypoglycaemia. Most common cause of neonatal seizure both in full term (71.17%) and preterm (25%) is birth asphyxia. Second most common cause of neonatal seizure in full term is pyomeningitis (8.70%) and in preterm is pyomeningitis and hypoglycaemia (25%). Most common cause of neonatal seizure both in onset of seizure <3 days (<72 hours) 53% and in onset of seizure >3 days (>72 hours).Conclusions: Out of total 100 cases, neonates with normal birth weight 92% and low birth weight 8%. Majority of neonates had onset of seizure <3 days (<72 hours) 53% and remaining 47% neonates had onset of seizure >3 days (>72 hours). Majority of neonates with seizure delivered by vaginal route (86%) and remaining 14% neonates were delivered by LSCS.
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Aim: To understand the nature and magnitude of gene action for yield and its related traits in soybean.Methodology: Fifty four triple test cross progenies developed by crossing 18 lines with three testers Him soya and Hara soya (P1 and P2) and their F1s were used as testers ‘L1’,’L2’ and ‘L3’. F1 seeds were produced by crossing Him soya with Hara soya during kharif 2011. By crossing these three testers with 18 lines (females), 54 triple test cross hybrids were developed during kharif 2012. The fifty four F1 hybrids along with 18 lines and 3 testers were sown during kharif 2013 in a randomized block design with three replications. Results: In the triple test cross progenies, sufficient genetic variations were found for all the traits, except petiole length. Epistasis was observed to be an integral part of genetic variations for traits like plant height, branches per plant, nodes on main stem, internode length, pods per plant, pod length, biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant, oil content, crude protein content. Epistatic interaction for most traits was additive x dominance and dominance x dominance (j+l) type. In addition to additive x dominance and dominance x dominance (j+l), additive x additive (i) type epistasis was observed for plant height, internode length, pods per plant and biological yield per plant. For the inheritance of most traits, fixable type of gene action was found as additive component (D), was more pronounced than dominance component (H), except pod length. Interpretation: For improvement of traits, selection in the early generations will be useful as additive gene action was observed. The importance of additive x dominance (j) and dominance x dominance (l) type of epistasis in the inheritance of seed yield and other related traits signifying the importance of recurrent selection in order to develop high yielding varieties. For pod length, both additive and dominant components were observed. Thus genetic improvement in seed yield would be easier through indirect selection for pod length.
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Aim: To synthesize and characterize stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the root extract of Saussurea lappa, a medicinally important plant. The AgNPs was further evaluated for their antibacterial activity. Methodology: The biosynthesised AgNPs were characterised by change in colour pattern and confirmed by UV–Visible spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: UV-Vis spectroscopy study showed characteristic surface plasmon band (SPR) of synthesized AgNPs at 418 nm. FTIR studies revealed presence of some biomolecules responsible for reduction, stabilization and capping agents towards these synthesized AgNPs. TEM analysis revealed that the size of AgNPs ranged between 7.13 – 24.0 nm and had spherical shape. XRD data showed face-centered cubic (fcc) nature of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs showed significant antibacterial activity against one Gram positive (Bacillus cereus) and one Gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strain. Interpretation: The biologically synthesized nanoparticles from the root extract of S. lappa were stable and showed enhanced antibacterial activity against both type of bacterial strains and could be utilized for industrial and remedial purposes.
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Aim: The present study was conducted with an objective to assess the suitability of colemanite (Ca2 B6.O11.5H2O) as a slow release source of boron to potato crop. Methodology: Soil was incubated with boron (1.25 and 2.50 mg kg-1 soil) using borax and colemanite for six weeks. Soil moisture was maintained at 80% field capacity. Soil samples were analyzed weekly for hot-water extractable boron content. Direct and residual effects of borax and colemanite on potato plant growth and boron uptake were studied in pot experiments. Leaf boron concentration was measured by an ICP-OES. Results: In laboratory incubation, although the rate of release of hot water extractable boron from colemanite was slower than borax, it was enough to meet the requirement of potato crop. Application of both the sources of boron increased its content significantly in soil as well as in potato leaves. This study revealed that boron uptake from colemanite was comparable to borax in meeting the boron requirement of potato. Interpretation: Soil incubation and pot experiment studies showed that colemanite is a suitable slow release source of boron fertilizer for potatoes
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Nowadays, dengue infection creates a major problem across the country. The vector species carrying dengue infection has progressively started to developed resistance against most of the currently used insecticides. Hence, a study was carried out in dengue-endemic areas of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh to find the current situation of insecticide susceptibility status of dengue vectors. Based on the previous history of dengue incidence, Aedes mosquitoes were collected from Dibrugarh, Kamrup, Sivasagar, Tezpur and Tinsukia districts in Assam and Pasighat district in Arunachal Pradesh to test the insecticide resistance status through bioassay and molecular methods. The WHO standard bioassay test kits were used to detect insecticide susceptibility status among dengue vectors. In molecular study, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was done for the detection of mutations in paratype voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. In bioassay method, 100% A. aegypti mosquitoes were found to be resistant towards dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), 8% towards pyrethroid and 4% towards malathion. Similarly, 92% A. albopictus mosquitoes have shown resistance competency towards DDT, 12% towards pyrethroid and 8% towards malathion. In allele-specific PCR methods, V1016G heterozygous mutations were detected from the field collected A. aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes of Tinsukia, Dibrugarh and Sivasagar district. Similarly, F1534C heterozygous mutations were observed from A. aegypti mosquitoes of Tezpur, Tinsukia and Sivasagar district and A. albopictus mosquitoes of Tinsukia, Dibrugarh and Sivasagar district. From the study, it was concluded that the Aedes mosquitoes have progressively started to developed resistance towards commonly used insecticides.
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Introduction Mitral stenosis due to rheumatic heart disease is a common problem in India causing significant morbidity and mortality. We have compared the maternal and fetal outcome of women with severe mitral stenosis undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy before or during pregnancy. Methods A total of 24 women of severe rheumatic mitral stenosis who underwent balloon mitral valvotomy before pregnancy (14 women, group 1) or during pregnancy (10 women, group 2) were included in the retrospective descriptive analysis. Results The mean age was 25.5 ± 3.6 yrs in group 1 and 25.7 ± 3.5 yrs in group 2. There was no difference in characteristics –primigravidas, time since diagnosis from pregnancy, NYHA (New York Heart Association) class and associated medical problems in the two groups. There was significant difference in cardiac events during pregnancy in the two groups. New York Heart Association class deterioration was observed in only 3(21.4% women in group 1) as compared to all (10; 100% women) in group 2(p < 0.001). The incidence of arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation was not different in two groups. Obstetric events were similar in the two groups. Mode of delivery and caesarean section rate was also similar in the two groups. There was no significant difference in mean birth weights (2399.75 ± 601.8 gm vs. 2641.70 ± 580.6 gm),rate of fetal growth restriction, still birth and congenital malformation rates in the two groups. Conclusion Percutaneous mitral valvotomy for patients with severe mitral stenosis can be safely performed during pregnancy and has equivalent maternal and fetal outcomes as that performed before pregnancy.
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It is important to diagnose anemia at an early stage for appropriate and timely management. There is a need to have a device with good diagnostic accuracy, that is reliable and less expensive. Several methods are available for estimation of Hb. These have been reported to be piloted in small settings with encouraging results. However, for the purpose of screening at the national and state levels, we need a method that has high validity and is cost effective. Our study proposes to establish the diagnostic accuracy of some such devices that are available in India against automated analyzers (gold standard) for screening of anemia in laboratory and community settings.
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Objectives To study pregnancy outcomes in operated vs non-operated cases of congenital heart disease cases during pregnancy. Materials and methods A total of 55 patients of congenital heart disease who delivered in the authors unit in last 10 years were taken in this retrospective study. These were divided into two groups Group 1:29 (52.7%) patient who had no cardiac surgery and Group 2: 26(47.2%) who had cardiac surgery to correct their cardiac defect before pregnancy. All patients were evaluated for cardiac complications and outcome during pregnancy. Obstetric complications, mode of delivery and fetal outcome was compared in the two groups using statistical analysis. Result The commonest lesion was atrial septal defect (ASD) seen in 22(40%) patients followed by ventricular septal defect (VSD) in 16(29%) .Congenital valvular disease 8(14.5%) and patent ductus arteriosus in 4(7.2%) cases. The mean age was 25.9 ± 3.15 years in Group 1 and 26.3 ± 4.53 years in Group 2. The baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. There was no difference in cardiac complications, NYHA deterioration and need of cardiac drugs in the two groups. Obstetric complications and mode of delivery were also similar in the two groups.Mean birth weight was 2516.65 ± 514.04 gm in Group 1 and 2683.00 ± 366.00 gm in Group 2 and was similar. APGAR < 8, stillbirth rate and other neonatal complications were also similar in two groups. Conclusion The maternal and fetal outcome was excellent in patients with congenital heart disease and was similar in unoperated and operated cases.
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INTRODUCTION: Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological cancers and the fourth most common cancer in the female. Although clinical evaluation with diagnostic imaging has not yet proved to be accurate enough in the evaluation of tumor extent to replace surgical staging, it may enable optimization of the surgical procedure and a better tailored therapeutic strategy. This study will review the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in endometrial carcinomas in the pre‑operative staging of endometrial carcinomas and compare it with the newly revised Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging scheme of 2009 based on post‑operative surgical histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a retrospective analysis of 36 patients diagnosed and treated for endometrial carcinoma in our institute from January 2009 to December 2012. RESULTS: Majority of the patients (61%) were between the age group of 41‑60 years. Most of the patients (72%) were postmenopausal at the time of presentation. Most common histopathology of endometrial carcinoma was endometroid adenocarcinoma (27 patients, 75%). FIGO staging of 12 patients (85.7%) showed concordance with MRI Staging for Stage Ia, with up‑gradation of two patients to Stage Ib. CONCLUSION: The information provided by MRI can define prognosis, help planning the surgical approach and identify those patients requiring neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
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Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite had developed resistance to almost all the currently used antimalarial drugs. The purpose of the study was to come across the genetic distances in P. falciparum dhps gene sequences circulating in Assam. A partial fragment of P. falciparum dhps gene containing major single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with sulphadoxine resistance were amplified and sequenced. Thereafter specific bioinformatics tools like BioEdit v7.0.9, ClustalW in Mega 5, DnaSP version v.5.10.01 etc were used for the analysis. A total of 100 P. falciparum positive cases in different malaria endemic areas of Assam were included for the study. Based upon the mutation analysis, a total of seven different P. falciparum dhps genotypes were observed with five variable sites. Maximum five haplotypes were found in the P. falciparum isolates from Jorhat district of Assam. Four polymorphic sites were observed in the P. falciparum dhps gene sequences in Karbi Anglong, NC Hills, Chirang and Jorhat whereas the isolates from other study areas had three polymorphic sites. A statistically significant positive value of Tajima’s D were observed among the P. falciparum field isolates in Assam indicating that there is an excess of intermediate frequency alleles and can result from population bottlenecks, structure and/or balancing selection. Extensive gene flow took place among the P. falciparum population of Jorhat with Sivasagar, Chirang with Sivasagar and Chirang with Karbi Anglong. However, large genetic differentiation was observed among the P. falciparum isolates of NC Hills with Lakhimpur, Tinsukia, Dibrugarh and Golaghat and also the parasite population of Karbi Anglong with Lakhimpur and Tinsukia signifying little gene flow among the population. This finding has shown that mutant Pfdhps gene associated with sulphadoxine resistance is circulating in Assam. It is believed that, the parasite population may have undergone high level of breeding.
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Background: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent non-communicable neurologic diseases leading to significant disability and mortality. Complaints of impaired learning and memory are common in patients of epilepsy. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may further enhance this impairment. So the present study was carried out on albino rats to evaluate the effect of AEDs on learning and memory. Objective: To assess the effect of lamotrigine, levetiracetam and phenytoin on learning and memory in albino rats. Material and Methods: Albino rats of about 150 -200 gm of either sex were treated with drugs for 15 days and assessed for effect on learning behavior and again treated for next 15 days after which they were assessed for retention behavior (memory) on Morris water maze and Elevated plus maze. The data was statistically analyzed by applying Mann- Whitney test. Result: Phenytoin and lamotrigine caused significant impairment of learning whereas levetiracetam had no statistically significant effect on learning. Phenytoin also caused significant impairment of memory whereas lamotrigine and levetiracetam did not cause statistically significant impairment of memory. Conclusion: Learning was impaired by phenytoin and lamotrigine but not by levetiracetam which has novel mechanism of action. Phenytoin resulted in memory impairment on Morris water maze but no impairment on elevated plus maze and no other drug caused this effect.
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The present paper is the result of frequency of occurrence of ABO blood group carried out in Sagar (M.P.). The frequency of B blood group is highest with percentile frequency of 0.361 and lowest AB blood group with percentile frequency of 0.095. The x2 test as well as D/o show significant values.
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Background: This study was undertaken to report the results of weekly combination chemotherapy with cetuximab in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M SCCHN). Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 35 R/M SCCHN patients who received cetuximab with weekly paclitaxel and platin (cisplatin/carboplatin) from SCCHN August 2006 to October 2008 at our Institute was performed. Results: Thirty-five patients (33 [94.3%] males and 2 [5.7%] females) received the planned weekly chemotherapy protocol. Median age of these patients was 52 years. Of the SCCHN 32 evaluable patients, 25 patients showed symptomatic improvement and 7 showed no improvement. Radiological responses using RECIST criteria reported CR in 1 patient (3.1%), PR in 17 patients (53.1%), and SD in 6 patients (18.8%). The remaining six patients demonstrated disease progression while two could not be assessed. Median overall survival (OS) was 8.016 months (95% CI; 6.572--9.461) and median PFS was 5.782 months (95% CI; 4.521--7.044). The major chemotherapy-related grades 2 and 3 toxicity recorded was cetuximab-induced rash reported in 24 patients. No treatment-related death within 30 days was observed. Conclusion: Cetuximab with weekly combination chemotherapy (Paclitaxel + Platinum compound) has shown promise, demonstrating comparable response and outcomes with acceptable toxicity in R/M SCCHN patients.
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Brevundimonas vesicularis has rarely been isolated from clinical specimens. We report here a case of B. vesicularis bacteremia in a female infant who presented with fever, vomiting and altered sensorium. USG abdomen showed mild hepatomegaly, moderate ascitis with bilateral mild basal pleural effusion. Blood culture was processed by BACTEC BD. Isolate was identified as B. vesicularis, by API ID 32 GN automated system. We have come across only one report of neonatal sepsis caused by B. vesicularis from India. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the rare case reports of B. vesicularis bacteremia in a female infant.