ABSTRACT
Phage based therapeutics have shown promising results against the infections caused by the drug resistant bacteria. To combat the problem of antibiotic resistance posed by diarrhoeagenic E. coli, here, we identified and characterized 38 E. coli phages which were isolated from 70 solid sources (goat-faeces and soil). The in vitro lytic range of phage isolates (n=38) against 439 isolates of E. coli was found between 16 and 53%. Three phage isolates with highest host range showed lytic efficacy against 53, 48 and 46% of E. coli isolates, respectively. A preparation with above three phages was developed, and the phages of the preparation were found stable at wide range of temperature, pH and chloroform treatment. Endotoxin content of the preparation was found below the threshold level and it also passed safety and sterility tests. a total of 40 diarrheic goat kids were administered orally with the therapeutic phage preparation for two days twice daily. Total 21 diarrheic goat-kids were successfully treated using the therapeutic phage preparation, whereas 19 kids could not be treated (success rate: 52.5%; 21/40). The results of the current study provide insight for using lytic bacteriophages for therapeutic interventions against drug resistant E. coli responsible for colibacillosis in neonatal goat kids
ABSTRACT
Background: Nosocomial infection cause significant health issues and economic loss to the patients as well as the health care facilities. To combat hospital acquired infections, hospitals need an effective method of disinfection and sterilization which can be taken care by the central sterile supply department (CSSD). The objective of establishing a CSSD is to make reliably sterilized articles available at the required time and place. Aim and objectives were to study the organization and workflow management of CSSD of a tertiary care institution.Methods: This observational study was carried out from February 2018 to April 2018. An observation checklist was used for the purpose of study after obtaining permission from appropriate authorities.Results: CSSD of the institution is centrally located within the hospital premises and has 11 staff members. Linen, cotton, dressings, instruments and trays are sterilized in the CSSD. Sterilization is done by steam sterilization and gas sterilization with a total of seven autoclaves and two ETO machines. Physical, chemical and biological indicators are regularly used during the process of sterilization.Conclusions: CSSD of the institution is contributing its part towards reduction of nosocomial infections. Quality of standards for sterilization and disinfection is maintained.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes is growing alarmingly in India which is a home to more than 65.1 million people with this disease and this number would increase to 80 million by the year 2030. The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a major threat to clinical management, economic growth and social wellbeing of patients. Studying socio epidemiology of diabetes among adults would help in decreasing the manifestation and severity of this NCD, so this study was conducted with the aim to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated socio-demographic factors.Methods: The present study was conducted in rural block of district Rohtak over a period of one year among 1000 study participants aged 15-64years. Fasting blood sugar was measured to evaluate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus.Results: Overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 9.2%. It was highest among 55-64years age group (26%), those engaged in service (11.6%), illiterates and upper middle SES (14.3%).Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes was high in the study population. A holistic approach targeting both individual and social factors is required to tackle this high prevalence.
ABSTRACT
Background: The continuously growing population not only hampers the socio-economic development but the health of mothers and newborns. Progress made in improving social development in addition to strengthening the ongoing family planning programme will contribute towards the future pace of fertility and decline in unmet need. Objective of present study to assess the unmet need for family planning and role of socio-demographic factors among rural women.Methods: The present study was community based cross-sectional study conducted in rural area of Haryana from September 2015 to August 2016 among 500 currently married women (18-49 years).Results: The unmet need for family planning was 19.2% (4.8% spacing and 14.4% limiting). Education, occupation and SES were significantly associated with unmet need for family planning. The commonest reason for not using contraception among those with unmet need was fear of side-effects (37.5%) followed by in-laws disapproval (21.9%).Conclusions: The unmet need for family planning was high. Women education and empowerment by protecting their health, wellbeing and rights, including their reproductive rights would prove to be beneficial.