ABSTRACT
In search of potent molecules having antioxidant activity the present work was designed to synthesize 2, 6diphenylpiperidine-4-one compounds [1a and 1b] and their imine derivatives [2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b]. Compounds 1a and 1b were synthesized by Mannich condensation reaction. The method was found to be simple, convenient with high yield and products were easily separated. Compounds 1a and 1b serves as an intermediate for the preparation of highly functionalized novel imine derivatives. Oxime [2a, 2b] and carbothioamide [3a, 3b] derivatives of 1a and 1b compounds were produced by condensation reaction with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride and thiosemicarbazide respectively. These compounds were characterized by IR, EI-mass and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of compounds was analyzed by 1, 1- dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] assay method. It was found that substituted aryl derivatives containing phenol and methoxy groups [1b, 2b and 3b] showed better antioxidant activity [IC50 values rang from 1.844.53[micro]g/ml] than unsubstituted aryl derivative [1a, 2a and 3a] [IC50 rang from 6.46-11.13[micro]g/ml]. Compound 1b exhibited excellent antioxidant activity [IC50 1.84 +/- 0.15[micro]g/ml] comparable to standard ascorbic acid [IC501.65 +/- 0.16[micro]g/ml]
ABSTRACT
The Copper IUCD is a type of long acting reversible contraception. It is also the most effective nonhormonal contraceptive device. These are highly effective with failurerates of less 1 than 1 per 1000 women per year. The T-shaped models with a surface area of 380mm2 of copper have the lowest failure rate. The effectiveness of copper IUCD is comparable to tubal sterilization however the effects of copper IUCD are reversible. It is the second most common method after 2 sterlization. They are suitable for lactating mothers as it has no effect on quality and components 3 of breast milk
ABSTRACT
Objective: to observe the efficacy of systemic methotrexate for the treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy
Material and Methods: it was a descriptive study carried out over a period of 6 months from 01-10-2012 to 31-03-2013 in the department of obstetrics and gynecology unit 111, Services Hospital, Lahore. A total of 65 cases were included in this study. Patients were given single dose of injection methotrexate 50mg/m[2] intramuscularly and beta- hCG level was assessed at 4th and 7th day for each patient. In those patients in which beta hCG level did not fall more than 15% on day 4th and 7th were surgically treated by doing laparotomy
Results: among 65 patients, age distribution showed 7 patients [10.8%] were less than 20 years of age, 41 patients [63%] were between 20 -30 years and 17 patients [26.2%] were between 30-40 years of age. Mean age was 29.7+/-4.9 years. According to distribution of parity, 17 women [26.2%] were primigravida, 38 women [58.4%] were para 2-4 while 10 women were para 5-7. Out of65 women, 11 [16.9%] presented at <6 weeks of gestation and 54 [83.1%] at 6-8 weeks of gestational age. Mean gestational age was 6.7+/-1.9 weeks. Efficacy of methotrexate for the treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy observed in 44 women [67.7%] in term of fall in beta hCG level>15%
Conclusion: methotrexate is an effective medical management for ectopic pregnancies in a society where tubal conservation is of utmost importance