Conflict types and conflict management styles in public and private hospitals

Objective: To determine the conflict management styles and the relationship of conflict types and management from both the public and private hospitals

Study Design: Cross-sectional research design

Place and Duration of study: Data were collected from public and private hospitals in Lahore from June 2014 to January 2015

Methodology: The sample comprised of 160 doctors working in private [n=64] and public [n=96] sector hospitals, with Mean age=30.03 [SD=5.63]. Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II and Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-III were used

Results: Results revealed that the two sectors differed in the use of conflict management styles after controlling for the conflict types. Obliging, integrating, compromising and avoiding conflict management style were used more by doctors in public sector hospitals than those in private hospitals. However, none of the conflict types predicted conflict management styles and the pattern of prediction was similar for doctors working in private and public sector hospitals

Conclusion: Affecting, transforming and substantive conflict types were more experienced in private sector and obliging, integrating, avoiding and compromising conflict management styles were used more by public sector hospitals conflict

Personality type and work family conflict in female doctors

Objective: To assess the association between personality types and work-family conflict among female doctors. Moreover it was aimed that which personality type is more experience work-family conflict in female doctors

Study Design: Cross sectional study design

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in Institute of Applied Psychology Lahore Pakistan from Dec 2012 to Jun 2013

Material and Methods: The sample comprised of 154 female doctors selected from three teaching hospitals of Lahore. The age range of female doctors was 25 years to 45 years [M= 30.56 +/- 5.96]. Type A/B behavior pattern scale and work-family conflict scale were used to assess variables

Results: Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive relationship between personality type A and work inference with family plus family inference with work in female doctors. Linear Regression analysis revealed that personality type A emerged as a significant predictor of work inference to family and family inference to work

Conclusion: The present research emphasizes the significance for medical doctor's organization and career guidance. Being adapting behaviors of type B personality, they experience less work family conflict and work for the betterment of society as well as personal self

Perceived social support and work motivation of day and night shift nurses

To asses perceived social support and work motivation of nurses working in day and night shifts, Moreover it was aimed at studying how their working shifts [night and day shifts] are associated with their work motivation. Cross sectional research design. Study was conducted in Institute of Applied Psychology, Pakistan from December 2012 to June 2013. The sample comprised of 150 nurses selected from three teaching hospitals of Lahore. The age range of nurses was 19 years to 30 years [mean 21.57 +/- 51.45]. Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and Motivation at Work Scale were used to assess variables. There was significant positive relationship between the perceived social support and work motivation, besides; there was a difference in perceived social support and work motivation among nurses working in day and night shifts. In multiple regression analysis, working shifts and perceived social support emerged as the predictors of work motivation. The present research emphasize the significance of working shifts and perceived social support in order to provide better work motivation

Maternal mortality in a tertiary care hospital, Lahore: a four year review

This study was carried out to determine the cause and frequency of maternal deaths in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore which is a tertiary care hospital. The study was performed between January 2000 and December 2003 at Gynae unit-I. The case notes of all patients who died during January 2000 to December 2003 period in Jinnah Hospital gynecological unit-I as a result of conditions associated with pregnancy, labor, and puerperium [6 weeks after pregnancy] were reviewed in an effort to identify the most common cause of maternal deaths. Final conclusion regarding the causes of death were drawn after consultation within the department as well as with the concerned department like Medical, Surgical, Anaesthesia and ICU. Total number of deaths recorded during this period was 46. Maternal mortality ratio, measuring the risk of deaths specifically during pregnancy, was calculated to be 289.58/100,000 live births. Direct obstetrical deaths were 43 [93.47%] and there were three indirect deaths. Obstetrical hemorrhage accounted for 14 cases [30.43%]. Septicemia was second most common [11 cases, 23.91%]. Eclampsia accounted for 7 cases [15.21%]. Maternal mortality rate has been improved in 2002 [198.91/100,000] as compared to 333.55/100,000 in 2000 but again there was rise in 2003 [308.64/100,000]

Prescribing in pregnancy

Objective: To assess the prescribing patterns and clinical practices in the use of pharmaceutical agents in pregnancy

Study Design: Observational, Cross-sectional study

Study Period: March 2002 to March 2003

Setting: Study was conducted at antenatal clinic, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore

Materials and Methods: 250 patients from antenatal clinic were interviewed to collect information regarding age, parity, gestational age, any medication, its indication, route, duration and prescriber during current pregnancy on a pre-designed proforma

Sampling Method: Patients were enrolled in this study on first come and enroll basis

Results: Most of the women [90%] visiting the antenatal clinic were in the age group 21-30years. 94% of the women were taking medications and the prescriptions included haematenics [88%], folic acid [61%], calcium supplements [63%], antibiotics [22%], anti-fungals [19%], antiemetics [8%] and laxatives [6%]. 6% of women were not taking any medication. Commonest prescribers were general practitioners [46%]. Rest of the prescribers were medical officers at antenatal clinic [28%], LHVs/nurses [11%] and specialists [9%]. Self-medication was seen in 6%. 47% of the women taking self-medications were among the educated group [Matric and above] and 53% of the women were among the uneducated group [P < 0.001]. 28% took treatment from general practitioners and lady health visitors without any certain diagnosis, on symptomatic grounds

Conclusion: The use of drugs in pregnancy is substantial and varied. Information on the use of drugs during pregnancy is scarce and anecdotal. Careful consideration of the benefits to the mother and risks to the fetus is required, when prescribing drugs during pregnancy. All prescriptions or drugs recommended in pregnancy must have solid evidence derived from current literature

Multiple pregnancies-maternal and fetal outcome

This study was carried-out on all patients with multiple gestation, who delivered in Unit - I, Lady Willingdon Hospital, from October 2000 to March 2003. A total of 10391 women delivered during this 21/2 years period, out of these 179 had multiple births -176 had twin delivery and three gave births to triplets. The aim of the study was to find out frequency of multiple births and maternal and neonatal outcome in these cases. The prevalence of multiple births was 1.72% with 1.69% of twins and 0.029% triplets. Women with multiple pregnancy were found to be at high risk of pre-term delivery and about 34% of babies were between 1-2 Kg. The rate of caesarean section was also significantly high in these women

Instrumental vaginal deliveries

The objective of this study was to describe trends in instrumental delivery and to find out frequency of maternal and neonatal complications in a large maternity hospital. All 123 patients undergoing instrumental vaginal delivery in Unit-1 were included. The operative vaginal delivery was 1.17% of total births and 1.648% of vaginal deliveries. Of these 68 women had vaccum extractions while, 55 had forceps delivery. Seventy-one patients were primigravida and the commonest indication for instrumental delivery was fetal distress followed by prolonged second stage. Apgar score at 5 min. was more than 5 in 79.6% of babies. There was one still birth in the vaccum extraction group and five neonatal deaths [all due to birth asphyxia]. There were few maternal complications including only one third degree perineal tear