Breech presentation

To determine the frequency of breech presentation at term. Cross sectional study. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecoogy, Unit-III, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. June 2010 to May 2011. This study was carried out in women with the age group 0-40 years. Breech presentation at term [37-41 completed weeks]. The frequency of breech presentation at term was found to be 6.2%. 91% [215] of the patients were delivered by caesarean section and 9% [20] were delivered vaginally. Placenta previa and multiple pregnancy 8.51% each, congenital anomalies 4.25% and in 16.17% of the patients, no obvious cause was found. It is concluded from the study that the frequency of the breech presentation at term increased

Maternal and foetal outcome in cases of emergency caesarean sections at Nishtar Hsopital, Multan

The aim of this study was to determine the maternal and foetal outcome in cases of emergency caesarean section, to find out the causes of maternal and foetal mortality and morbidity and also to prevent the maternal and foetal complications by finding high risk cases in the antenatal period. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nishter Hospital Multan. December 1999 to November 2000. It was an observational study. A total of 100 cases of emergency caesarean section were included. During this period the various indications for which we performed emergency caesarean sections included eclampsia [20%], placenta previa major degree [20%], severe pregnancy induced hypertension with failed induction of labour [18%], placenta previa type IV with previous two caesarean sections [2%], obstructed labour [2%], foetal distress [6%], previous caesarean section with scar tenderness [13%], transverse lie with hand prolapse [2%], abruptio placentae [2%], chorioamnionitis [5%], failed progress of labour [8%] and cord prolapse [2%]. Majority of the patients were non-booked with no pervious antenatal check up. During the study of these 100 cases of emergency caesarean sections no maternal mortality was observed but different maternal morbidities were observed in 18 patients like intraoperative excessive haemorrhage [38.8%], extension of uterine incision [16.33%], uterine atony [16.33%]. 16.33% cases of caesarean section ended up in caesarean hysterectomy. Emergency cases should be handled by senior staff and caesarean be done at earliest possible time to reduce drastic outcome. Furthermore, proper sterilization and prophylactic antibiotics can reduce the infectious morbidity after both emergency and elective caesarean section