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ABSTRACT Introduction: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is a technique that allows measurement of blood flow from the basal intracerebral vessels. It is relatively inexpensive, non-invasive, can be performed at the bedside, and allows monitoring in acute emergency settings and for prolonged periods with a high temporal resolution, making it ideal for studying the haemodynamics within the intracranial arteries in neuro-Behcet's disease (NBD) and neuro-psychiatric lupus (NPSLE). Our aim was to assess the cerebral haemodynamic patterns in patients with NBD and NPSLE using TCD, while brain lesions were examined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and methods: Case-control prospective study of 30 neuro-Behcet's disease patients, 25 neuro-psychiatric lupus patients and 26 healthy age-matched volunteers. All patients and healthy controls were examined by TCD. Only the groups of patients underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) values for middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), vertebral artery (VA) and basilar artery (BA) in NBD, NPSLE and control groups were measured. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in mean blood flow velocities in all the arteries examined in NBD and NPSLE patients. There was also a significant increase in the pulsatile index of PCA, VA and BA between NBD and NPSLE patients. The same results were obtained when comparing NBD versus controls. However, there was no significant difference between the NPSLE patients and the control group. The MRI lesions described were parenchymal lesions in 14 patients (46.7%), and vascular lesions in 4 patients (13.3%). Vascular lesions co-existed with parenchymal lesions (mixed lesion). Parenchymal lesions were in white matter (40%), thalamus (26.7%), brain stem (26.7%) and cerebellum (20%). While, in NPSLE, 23 patients were normal (92%) and only two patients had a vascular lesion (8%). Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in mean blood flow and a significant increase in the pulsatile index among both NBD and NPSLE patients, according to the TCD values.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Infections , Stomatognathic Diseases , Central Nervous System Infections , Behcet Syndrome , Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System , Mouth DiseasesABSTRACT
Objective: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) associated with neuropsychological deficits and altered quality of life. This study aimed to assess cognitive functions, quality of life (QOL), and mood changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: This study included 37 patients who diagnosed as obstructive sleep apnea compared with 34 subjects with age and sex matched healthy persons as control group. They were assessed by using Short-Form 36 Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36), the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and sleep disorders questionnaire, Hamilton depression and anxiety scales (HADS), Cognitive Abilities Screening Instruments (CASI) and mini mental state examination (MMSE). Results: Patients with OSA had significant lower scores in all domains of SF-36 (5.4±1.2; 10.7±2.2; 7.2±1.5; 4.5±0.8; 31.6±2.9; 3.8±0.8; 10.2±2.2 and 3.5±0.8), compared to control group. Mean scores of the Hamilton questionnaires (depression 7.7±8.3; anxiety 6.4±1.3) were significantly higher in patients than control group. Most domains of SF-36 were also significantly correlated with AHI, slowest heart rate, sleep disorders questionnaires, and different variables of studied cognitive function. Conclusion: Cognitive functions, mood and QOL of patients with OSA were markedly affected compared with normal control subjects. Early recognition and treatment of OSA could reduce disability and improve the quality of life of patients with OSA.
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Background: Over the past several decades, the relationship between personality traits, depression, anxiety and stroke has interested to clinicians and researchers. Objective: Evaluation of personality traits, depression and anxiety among patients with stroke. Methods: Thirty patients with stroke recruited from neurology department inpatients unit in Assiut university hospital. Another 50 subjects matched with respect to age, sex, and socioeconomic status formed the control group. For each participant, a complete medical history was obtained. Clinical examination, brain CT or MRI, and psychometric evaluation was performed for patients. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Hamilton anxiety and Beck Depression Inventory were used in assessment the psychometric state of patients. Results: Patients with stroke reported significant higher scores in depression and anxiety. Psychoticism, lying and crime personality traits were significant higher among stroke patients compared with controls. Depression, anxiety were significant correlated with some of the personality traits subscales. Conclusion: In our study stroke is associated with depression, anxiety and some abnormal personality traits.
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Aim: The present study presented as a comparison of the cognitive functions, psychomotor performance and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders between dyslexic and control students. Method: This was a randomized study. The participants were 33 dyslexic students and 34 age, gender, and IQ-matched control students. The major evaluation tools included were Stanford Binet fourth edition for cognitive function, Quick neurological screening scale for learning disabilities, Behavioral Characteristics Rating Scales for Learning Disabilities, three Arabic standardized scales for reading and comprehension and two scales for attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). Results: Comparisons of the 2 groups of students revealed that significantly impairment of some cognitive functions as verbal reasoning, abstract visual reasoning, short term memory and intelligent quotient. Also, impairment of psychomotor performance and higher scores of ADHD were detected among dyslexic group than control group. Conclusion: Association between dyslexia and ADHD are accompanied with more deterioration in some cognitive functions and psychomotor performance. THIS WORK ADDED • Impairment of cognitive functions and psychomotor performance among dyslexic group. • Higher scores of ADHD among dyslexic group than control group. • Dyslexia leaded to more deterioration in cognitive functions, psychomotor performance and ADHD.