Danhong Injection Up-regulates miR-125b in Endothelial Exosomes and Attenuates Apoptosis in Post-Infarction Myocardium / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the involvement of endothelial cells (ECs)-derived exosomes in the anti-apoptotic effect of Danhong Injection (DHI) and the mechanism of DHI-induced exosomal protection against postinfarction myocardial apoptosis.@*METHODS@#A mouse permanent myocardial infarction (MI) model was established, followed by a 14-day daily treatment with DHI, DHI plus GW4869 (an exosomal inhibitor), or saline. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-induced ECs-derived exosomes were isolated, analyzed by miRNA microarray and validated by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). The exosomes induced by DHI (DHI-exo), PBS (PBS-exo), or DHI+GW4869 (GW-exo) were isolated and injected into the peri-infarct zone following MI. The protective effects of DHI and DHI-exo on MI hearts were measured by echocardiography, Masson's trichrome staining, and TUNEL apoptosis assay. The Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to evaluate the expression levels of miR-125b/p53-mediated pathway components, including miR-125b, p53, Bak, Bax, and caspase-3 activities.@*RESULTS@#DHI significantly improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size in MI mice (P<0.01), which was abolished by the GW4869 intervention. DHI promoted the exosomal secretion in ECs (P<0.01). According to the results of exosomal miRNA microarray assay, 30 differentially expressed miRNAs in the DHI-exo were identified (28 up-regulated miRNAs and 2 down-regulated miRNAs). Among them, DHI significantly elevated miR-125b level in DHI-exo and DHI-treated ECs, a recognized apoptotic inhibitor impeding p53 signaling (P<0.05). Remarkably, treatment with DHI and DHI-exo attenuated apoptosis, elevated miR-125b expression level, inhibited capsase-3 activity, and down-regulated the expression levels of proapoptotic effectors (p53, Bak, and Bax) in post-MI hearts, whereas these effects were blocked by GW4869 (P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#DHI and DHI-induced exosomes inhibited apoptosis, promoted the miR-125b expression level, and regulated the p53 apoptotic pathway in post-infarction myocardium.

Active components and mechanism of Jinwugutong Capsules in treatment of osteoporosis: a study based on UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS combined with network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS and network pharmacology were employed to preliminarily study the active components and mechanism of Jinwugutong Capsules in the treatment of osteoporosis. Firstly, UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS was employed to characterize the chemical components of Jinwugutong Capsules, and network pharmacology was employed to establish the "drug-component-target-pathway-disease" network. The key targets and main active components were thus obtained. Secondly, AutoDock was used for the molecular docking between the main active components and key targets. Finally, the animal model of osteoporosis was established, and the effect of Jinwugutong Capsules on the expression of key targets including RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(AKT1), albumin(ALB), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). A total of 59 chemical components were identified from Jinwugutong Capsules, among which coryfolin, 8-prenylnaringenin, demethoxycurcumin, isobavachin, and genistein may be the main active components of Jinwugutong Capsules in treating osteoporosis. The topological analysis of the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network revealed 10 core targets such as AKT1, ALB, catenin beta 1(CTNNB1), TNF, and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment showed that Jinwugutong Capsules mainly exerted the therapeutic effect by regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT) signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway and so on. Molecular docking showed that the main active components of Jinwugutong Capsules well bound to the key targets. ELISA results showed that Jinwugutong Capsules down-regulated the protein levels of AKT1 and TNF-α and up-regulated the protein level of ALB, which preliminarily verified the reliability of network pharmacology. This study indicates that Jinwugutong Capsules may play a role in the treatment of osteoporosis through multiple components, targets, and pathways, which can provide reference for the further research.

Effect of Drought Stress on Growth and Photosynthetic Physiological Parameters of Acanthopanax senticosus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effects of different drought conditions on the growth and photosynthetic physiological parameters of Acanthopanax senticosus，in order to provide the theoretical basis for standardized planting and rational development and utilization of A. senticosus. Method:In this study，three-year-old A. senticosus was used as experimental samples. The growth parameters，photosynthetic parameters，and photosynthetic physiological parameters were determined to study the effects of different drought conditions on the growth and photosynthesis of A. senticosus. Result:The plant height and leaf number were significantly lower than the control group under drought stress conditions，and the leaf area was higher than the control group under drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate，stomata conductance and transpiration rate were not significantly different between the control group and the moderate drought stress group. They were significantly decreased in the severe drought stress group，while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration increased with the severity of drought stress. With the treatment time，the initial fluorescence was higher in the severe drought stress group than in the control group，and the moderate drought stress group was lower than the control group，the maximum fluorescence was significantly lower in the severe drought stress group than in the control group， potential photochemical efficiency and maximum photochemical efficiency were significantly elevated in the moderate drought stress group. Conclusion:Drought stress can significantly inhibit the growth of A. senticosus. Severe drought conditions can significantly inhibit the photosynthesis of A. senticosus leaves. This effect is related to the regulation of stomatal size，but not related to the activity of photoreaction center.

Pressure side and tension side comminution of femoral neck cortex are independent risk factors for aseptic necrosis after femoral neck fracture surgery / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the related factors of aseptic necrosis of femoral head after closed reduction and internal fixation of femoral neck fracture.@*METHODS@#From January 2009 to January 2016, 236 patients with femoral neck fracture were treated with closed reduction and internal fixation with 3 hollow lag screws, including 111 males and 125 females, aged from 19 to 89 (50.17±12.88) years. According to the follow-up results, the correlation of aseptic necrosis of femoral head was analyzed. Univariate analysis of age, gender, injured side, body weight, injury mechanism, preoperative waiting time, Garden classification and whether there was comminution of femoral neck cortex was conducted to obtain the independent variables with significant difference. Then binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the independent risk factors of avascular necrosis of femoral head.@*RESULTS@#The average follow-up period of 236 cases was 4.58 years. There were significant differences in the range of injury (24.69% vs. 5.16%, @*CONCLUSION@#High energy injury, preoperative waiting time (>48 h) and comminution of femoral neck cortex were independent risk factors for aseptic necrosis of femoral head. In addition, cortical comminution on the pressure side and tension side of the femoral neck is a strong prognostic risk factor for aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, because it indicates a more serious and complex injury mechanism.

Effect of Plant and Soil Feedback on Antioxidant System of Acanthopanax senticosus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the effect of plant-soil feedback on the antioxidant enzyme system of Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings, in order to elucidate the changes of plant-soil feedback on the antioxidant enzyme system of A. senticosus seedlings, and provide theoretical basis for revealing the reasons of plant-soil feedback. Method::Through the greenhouse pot experiment, plant height, leaf color value (SPAD), antioxidant enzymes [protein, superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), peroxidase(POD), aseorbateperoxidase(APX), malondialdehyde(MDA)] and yield and growth related indexes of soil without A. senticosus (group 1), soil with A. senticosus (group 2) for three consecutive years and soil with A. senticosus (group 3) for many years were measured respectively. Result::There were significant differences in plant height, SPAD, protein, SOD, CAT, POD, APX and MDA between seedlings of A. senticosus planted for three consecutive years (group 1), two successive years (group 2) and three successive years (group 3). The biomass, MDA, CAT, POD and SOD of A. senticosus seedlings in the soil without A. senticosus (group 1) were higher than those in the soil with A. senticosus (group 2 and 3), while the protein and APX were lower than those in the soil with A. senticosus (group 2 and 3). Conclusion::Plant and soil shows negative feedback regulation during the growth of A. senticosus seedlings, which reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, the soil without planting A. senticosus has more advantages for the growth of A. senticosus seedlings. The results provide a basis for explaining the effect of plant-soil feedback on the growth of A. senticosus, and a theoretical basis and technical support for the technical standards of A. senticosus cultivation in farmland.

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Antioxidant Enzyme System of Acanthopanax senticosus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the effect of different N application rates on the growth and development of Acanthopanax senticosus and the changes of antioxidant enzyme activity, and screen out the suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer for its growth and development, in order to provide scientific evidence for rational fertilization of Acanthopanax senticosus in artificial cultivation. Method::By single-point, single-factor field experiment, the study samples were one-year-old seedlings of growing evenly A. senticosus.Five nitrogen application treatment groups were set up in the fields.They were N1 (30 g·m-2), N2 (60 g·m-2), N3 (90 g·m-2), N4 (120 g·m-2), N5 (150 g·m-2) and CK (0 g·m-2) in the control group.Three months later, the raw weight of plant, root, leaf and stem were measured at harvest time.After drying to constant weight, plant dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight and root dry weight were measured.Fresh leaves of plants were collected to measure malondialdehyde(MDA) content and activities of catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), acid phosphatase(ACP) and aseorbateperoxidase(APX) after harvesting seedlings. Result::The biomass of A. senticosus in group N4 (120 g·m-2) was the highest, the protein content in group N3 (90 g·m-2) was the highest, and the activity of all antioxidant enzymes in group N3 (90 g·m-2) was the lowest. Conclusion::There is a dose-effect relationship between seedlings and the nitrogen application rate.That is to say, low nitrogen application rate and high nitrogen application rate will cause stress on Acanthopanax senticosus, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes under low nitrogen application rate is higher than that under high nitrogen application rate.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Carbon Metabolism and Growth and Development of Acanthopanax senticosus Seedlings / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the effect of different nitrogen application rates on the growth and carbon metabolism of Acanthopanax senticosus seedlings, and screen out the rational fertilization conditions, in order to provide basis and guidance for scientific fertilization of artificially cultivated A. senticosus. Method::A single-point, single-factor field experiment was conducted to study the seedlings of growing evenly A. senticosus.Five different nitrogen application treatment groups were set up to treat the seedlings, namely N1 group (30 g·m-2), N2 group (60 g·m-2), N3 group (90 g·m-2), N4 group (120 g·m-2), N5 group (150 g·m-2) and CK group (0 g·m-2), respectively.Three months later, plant height, root circumference, stem circumference, root-shoot ratio and SPAD were measured at harvest time.The contents of protein, sucrose, starch, soluble sugar and reducing sugar in fresh leaves were measured. Result::N3 treatment was the best treatment method for the growth and development of A. senticosus seedlings, and the growth of A. senticosus seedlings was the best under this treatment.The protein content of A. senticosus seedlings in N3 treatment was the highest.Starch and sucrose were best accumulated in N5 treatment group and CK treatment group.N5 treatment had the highest soluble sugar content and reducing sugar content. Conclusion::There is a dose-effect relationship between the growth and development of A. senticosus seedlings; that is to say, low and high nitrogen application treatments will cause stress on A. senticosus seedlings.In conclusion, the suitable nitrogen application rate for A. senticosus growth is 90-120 g·m-2.

Grey Correlation Analysis on Rate of Embryo, Endogenous Hormone and Enzyme Activity of Acanthopanax senticosus Seeds / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the correlation between endogenous hormone content, related enzyme activity and embryogenesis during the stratification of Acanthopanax senticosus seeds, and to provide theoretical basis for application of endogenous hormones and related physiological indicators in regulating germination of A. senticosus seeds in production and scientific research. Method::Endophytic fungi as well as different concentrations of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide solution were used for soaking the seeds of A. senticosus, and then thermophilic stratification was conducted for the seeds. The content of endogenous hormones such as gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), indole acetic acid (IAA), indole butyric acid (IBA) and salicylic acid (SA) in seeds of A. senticosus were tested by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the activity change of enzymes in vivo such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were tested. The correlation between the embryo rate and the hormones and their enzyme activities in the seeds of A. senticosus was studied by the grey correlation method. Result::The embryo rate was significantly positively correlated with IAA, GA3, and CAT, with correlation coefficient of 1.086, 0.935 and 1.067, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between IAA, GA3, CAT, IBA, and SA, but with a significant negative correlation with ABA, MDA, and POD. The correlation degree was as follows: IAA>CAT>GA3>IBA>SA>SOD>ABA>POD>MDA. Conclusion::IAA, GA3 and CAT have significant promoting effects on embryo rate, and there is a significant correlation between hormone content and enzyme activity, which provides a basis for exploring the seed germination mechanism of A. senticosus.

Effect of Shading on Growth and Photosynthetic Physiological Parameters of Acanthopanax senticosus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of different shading conditions on the growth and photosynthetic physiological parameters of Acanthopanax senticosus，and provide a theoretical basis for standardized planting and rational development and utilization of A. senticosus. Method:Three-year-old A. senticosus was used as the experimental sample.The growth parameters and photosynthetic physiological parameters of plant height，leaf number and leaf area were determined to study the effects of different shading conditions on the growth and photosynthesis of A. senticosus. Result:Plant height，leaf number，and leaf area were significantly higher in the shading treatment than in the control group，and highest under moderate shading conditions.The net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，and transpiration rate were significantly higher in the moderate shading group than in the control group，and decreased in the severe shading group，while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was significantly lower in the moderate shading group than in the other treatment groups.As the treatment time progressed，the initial fluorescence was not significantly higher in the moderate shading group than in the control group，but significantly higher in the severe shading group；the maximum fluorescence was significantly higher in the shading group than in the control group，in the moderate shading group.The potential photochemical efficiency and maximum photochemical efficiency were not significantly different between the moderate shading group and the control group and decreased in the severe shading group，which was significantly lower than other treatment groups. Conclusion:Shading treatment is beneficial to the growth of A. senticosus.The moderate shading condition can significantly improve the photosynthesis of A. senticosus.Severe shading treatment can significantly inhibit the photosynthesis of A. senticosus leaves.This effect is related to the regulation of stomatal regulation. The activity of the photoreaction center is related.

Follistatin Like 5 (FSTL5) inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in determining distant metastasis and intra-hepatic dissemination of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Follistatin (FST) family members are considered to be an attractive therapeutic targets and prognostic indicators in cancers. As a derivative of FST, Follistatin Like 5 (FSTL5) may play a similar role in HCC cells. This study aimed to investigate the expression and function of FSTL5 in HCC and its role in EMT.@*METHODS@#FSTL5, E-cadherin and vimentin in HCC, and paracancerous tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Correlation of FSTL5 expression with overall survival was assessed. The proliferation and invasion of HCC cell lines SK-Hep1 and MHCC-LM3 were analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and Transwell assays. The expression of FSTL5, E-cadherin, and vimentin in HCC cells was examined by polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. T-test was used to analyze the difference in proliferation and invasion ability between groups. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to detect the correlation between the expression of FSTL5 and E-cadherin or vimentin.@*RESULTS@#The expression of FSTL5 in HCC was lower than that in paracancerous tissues (9.97% vs. 82.55%, χ = 340.15, P < 0.001). Patients with high FSTL5 expression had a better prognosis (χ = 8.22, P = 0.004) and smaller tumor diameter (χ = 45.52, P < 0.001), less lymph node metastasis (χ = 5.58, P = 0.02), earlier tumor node metastasis stage (χ = 11.29, P = 0.001), a reduced number of tumors (χ = 5.05, P = 0.02), lower alpha-fetoprotein value (χ = 24.36, P < 0.001), more probability of hepatitis carrying (χ = 40.9, P < 0.001), and better liver function grade (χ = 5.21, P = 0.02). Immunohistochemistry showed that FSTL5 expression in HCC tissues was positively correlated with E-cadherin expression (r = 0.38, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with vimentin expression (r = -0.385, P < 0.001). Furthermore, over-expression of FSTL5 up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin and down-regulated the expression of vimentin in SK-Hep1 (negative control [NC] vs. FSTL5-interfering group [Lv-FSTL5]: E-cadherin [t = 45.03, P < 0.001], vimentin [t = 67, P < 0.001]) and MHCC-LM3 (NC vs. Lv-FSTL5: E-cadherin [t = 50, P < 0.001], vimentin [t = 72.75, P < 0.001]) cells at mRNA level. The same as protein level. In addition, the over-expression of FSTL5 inhibited the proliferation (NC vs. Lv-FSTL5: SK-Hep1, 3 d [t = 7.324, P = 0.018], 4 d [t = 6.23, P = 0.021], 5 d [t = 10.21, P = 0.003]; MHCC-LM3, 3 d [t = 4.32, P = 0.037], 4 d [t = 7.49, P = 0.012], 5 d [t = 9.3661, P = 0.009]) and invasion (NC vs. Lv-FSTL5: SK-Hep1, t = 21.57, P < 0.001; MHCC-LM3, t = 18.04, P < 0.001) of HCC cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Down-regulation of FSTL5 may contribute to EMT of HCC, and FSTL5 is a potential target in the treatment of HCC.

Effects of fungi fraction on growth and anti-oxidative activity of Eleutherococcus senticosus / 中国中药杂志

The present study was conducted to explore the effect of endophytic fungi fraction on growth and anti-oxidative activity of Eleutherococcus senticosus. The growth,yield,contents of MDA,and antioxidant activities were assessed in E. senticosus under five fungi fractions,namely BZ,MH,DT,JS,and XFZ. The results showed that fungi fractions and component significantly affected the growth,low concentration of DT fungi fraction significantly increased the biomass of E. senticosus,reduced the MDA content in cells,and the antioxidant activities of the aqueous extracts were superior to the others. The results indicated that low concentration of DT fungi fraction was the optimum fraction to achieve high yield and quality of E. senticosus.

In vitro release and in situ gastrointestinal absorption of evodiamine butyryl derivative-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles / 中国药理学通报

Aim To prepare evodiamine butyryl deriva-tive (EBD) and evodiamine butyryl derivative-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (EBDLN), and study its re-lease in vitro,and to investigate its in situ gastrointesti-nal absorption. Methods EBD was prepared by a one-step synthetized method, and then EBDLN was prepared by a film dispersion method. Dynamic dialy-sis was used to evaluate drug release in vitro,and sin-gle-pass gastrointestinal perfusion was employed to study the gastrointestinal absorption of EDM,EBD and EBDLN. Results In identical release media, there were identical drug release tendencies of EBD and EB-DLN, but the release rate of EBDLN was faster than EBD. Compared with EDM and EBD, the Kavalues and Pappvalues of EBDLN in every perfusion segment increased significantly. The Kaof EBDLN in stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon was 110.14-fold,56.70-fold,51.23-fold,45.70-fold and 127.23-fold of free EDM respectively. The Pappvalue of EB-DLN was 9.74-fold, 4.48-fold, 3.82-fold and 11.3-fold of that of free EDM. Conclusion EBDLN has sustained effect and can enhance the gastrointestinal absorption of EDM and EBD.

Pharmacokinetics and in situ intestinal absorption of evodiamine complex water-in-oil nanoemulation / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior and in situ intestinal absorption of evodiamine complex water-in-oil nanoemulation (WECNE). Methods WECNE was formulated with the titration stirring methods. Twelve male SD rats were intragastrically administered with evodiamine (EDA) and WECNE at the same EDA dose of 100 mg • kg-1. Blood samples were collected from eye socket at 0. 083, 0. 25, 0. 5, 0. 75, 1, 2, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after intragastrical administration, and the plasma concentrations of EDA were determined by RP-HPLC. DAS 2. 1. 1 software was applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior. Single-pass intestinal perfusion was carried out to test the intestinal absorption in situ. Results The area under the curve (AUC0-72h), peak concentration (Cmax) and time to peak (Tmax) of WECNE were (4 924. 59 ± 1 105. 28) μg • L • h-1, (305. 47 ±51. 23) μg • L-1 and (0. 83 ± 0. 29) h, respectively. The absorption rate constant (Ka) of WECNE in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were (1. 05±0. 82)×10-5, (12. 19± 1. 57) × 10-5, (12. 66± 1. 35) × 10-5, (11. 94±4. 17) ×10-5 and (11. 21 ± 1. 25) × 10-5 L • s-1, respectively. In addition, the effective permeability (Peff) of WECNE in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were (26. 03 ± 3. 84) × 10-5, (18. 48±5. 99) × 10-5, (19. 77 ± 2. 59) × 10-5 and (36. 02±1. 48) × 10-5 cm • s-1, respectively. Conclusion WECNE can improve the bioavailability and the absorption in situ of EDA in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

The research of different diet modes of patients with hemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis after embolism operation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To discuss the influences of fasting on the embolism adverse reactions, sense of hunger, blood amylase, blood glucose and anxiety of patients with hemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis after embolism operation. Methods Selected 92 cases of patients with hemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis who have taken bronchial artery embolism in Pulmonary hospital of Changsha central hospital from June 2014 to December 2015,randomly divided the patients into three groups according to operating date, namely, the non-fasting group, 6h fasting group and 24h fasting group. The non-fasting group have routine diet after the operation; the 6h fasting group and 24h fasting group respectively fasted for 6 hours and 24 hours. Then compared the embolism adverse reactions, sense of hunger, blood amylase, blood glucose and anxiety of the patients in the three groups so as to check whether there is difference. Results Before operation, there was not significant difference in adverse reaction of embolism, sense of hunger, anxiety, blood glucose and amylase between the three groups (P > 0.05). After operation, there was significant difference in hunger sense of difference between the three groups(F=13.308,P0.05). Conclusion Fasting will cause and intensify the sense of hunger, anxiety and nutrition disorder of patients with hemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis after embolism.

Injury patterns and treatment strategies of the wounded for the catastrophic fire and explosion accident / 中华医院管理杂志

Retrospectively analyzed in the paper are such clinical data as disease category,inj ury part,severity and outcomes for 322 victims of the catastrophic fire and explosion accident at a tertiary hospital.The authors summarized the disease spectrum,and treatment and nursing strategy,in order to improve the emergency plan against fire and explosion accidents,to raise the accuracy of pre-hospital and in-hospital inj ury examination,and to ensure efficient and scientific treatment and nursing,with minimized deaths.

Development of shear force-induced intervertebral disc degeneration model / 医用生物力学

Objective To develop a shear force-induced intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) in vivo animal model, and investigate the relationship between shear stress and IDD. Methods A total of 20 Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. In loading group (n=10), shear force of 50 N was applied on the disc of L4/5 for 4 weeks by a custom-made external shear force loading device. In control group (n=10), the animals underwent a sham operation with the external loading device situated, but their discs remained unloaded. After 4 weeks, all the intervertebral discs of L4/5 were executed for the pathologic examination. Results The postoperative radiographic examination showed a perfect position of the loading device, and the operation process and implanted loading device had no effect on daily activities and diet of the experiment animals. The pathological examination showed an irregular arrangement of annulus fibrosus and a significant decrease of normal nucleus pulposus cells in loading group. Conclusions The new custom made device greatly reduced the wounds on animal vertebra and provided a reliable shear force. The development of in vivo animal model indicates that IDD can be induced by shear force, which is of significance to further study the relationship between loading and IDD.

Advances in sensor node and wireless communication technology of body sensor network / 生物医学工程学杂志

With the development of the wireless communication technology, implantable biosensor technology, and embedded system technology, Body Sensor Network (BSN) as one branch of wireless sensor networks and important part of the Internet of things has caught more attention of researchers and enterprises. This paper offers the basic concept of the BSN and analyses the related research. We focus on sensor node and wireless communication technology from perspectives of technology challenges, research advance and development trend in the paper. Besides, we also present a relative overview of domestic and overseas projects for the BSN.

Study of biometric identification of heart sound base on Mel-Frequency cepstrum coefficient / 生物医学工程学杂志

Heart sound is a physiological parameter with individual characteristics generated by heart beat. To do the individual classification and recognition, in this paper, we present our study of using wavelet transform in the signal denoising, with the Mel-Frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) as the feature parameters, and propose a research of reducing the dimensionality through principal components analysis (PCA). We have done the preliminary study to test the feasibility of biometric identification method using heart sound. The results showed that under the selected experimental conditions, the system could reach a 90% recognition rate. This study can provide a reference for further research.

Effects of downregulation of HDAC6 expression on cell cycle, proliferation and migration of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and to analyze the effects of downregulation of HDAC6 expression on cell cycle, proliferation and migration of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Hep-2 cells, and to explore their possible molecular mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HDAC6 protein in 55 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 20 cases of normal laryngeal mucosa. HDAC6 siRNA and control siRNA were transfected into Hep-2 cells via lipofectamine 2000, and the interfering effect was analyzed using Western blotting. The effects of downregulation of HDAC6 expression on cell cycle, proliferation and migration were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry and Boyden chamber, respectively. Finally, Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of cell cycle, proliferation and migration related proteins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a high level expression of HDAC6 protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and its expression was not related to age and sex of the patients (P > 0.05), but closely associated with the degree of histological differentiation, TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). HDAC6 siRNA effectively down-regulated the expression of HDAC6 protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Hep-2 cells, and downregulation of its expression obviously inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle at G(0)/G(1) phase and decreased cell migration ability in Hep-2 cells. Additionally, the downregulation of HDAC6 protein expression markedly decreased the expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cdk2 and MMP-9 proteins, but increased the expressions of p21 and E-cadherin proteins.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HDAC6 may play a pivotal role in the carcinogenesis and development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The downregulation of HDAC6 expression-mediated cell proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest and decreased cell migration ability may be closely associated with the decrease of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cdk2 and MMP-9 proteins and increase of p21 and E-cadherin proteins.</p>

Down-regulation of histone deacetylase 2 induces cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation and migration of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) expression on cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) Hep-2 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HDAC2 siRNA and control siRNA were transfected into LSCC Hep-2 cells by lipofectamine 2000, and cells were divided into three experimental groups: untreated group, control siRNA group and HDAC2 siRNA transfection group. Western blotting was utilized to detect the expression of HDAC2 protein in Hep-2 cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by CCK-8 kit and flow cytometry, respectively. Boyden chamber was used to study cell migration. Expressions of cell apoptosis and cell migration related proteins were detected by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HDAC2 siRNA significantly down-regulated the expression of HDAC2 protein in LSCC Hep-2 cells. Down-regulation of HDAC2 expression coincided with an inhibition of cell proliferation and migration along with an induced cell apoptosis of Hep-2 cells. Moreover, down-regulation of HDAC2 expression significantly increased the expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-9 proteins but decreased the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 proteins.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HDAC2 may play a pivotal role in the initiation and development of LSCC. Down-regulation of HDAC2 expression mediates cell apoptosis. Cell migration inhibition may be tightly associated with overexpression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 along with down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions.</p>