ABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of decitabine in combination with lower-dose CAG regimen (G-CSF, cytarabine and aclarubicin; D-CAG regimen) in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes with excess blasts (MDS-EB) and acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC), compared to standard CAG regimen.@*Methods@#A total of 42 patients with newly diagnosed MDS-EB and AML-MRC from May 2011 to March 2017 were included in the retrospective study. 21 cases were initially treated with G-CSF for priming, in combination with cytarabine of 10 mg/m2 q12h for 14 days and aclarubicin of 20 mg/d for 4 days (CAG regimen) and the other 21 cases were initially treated with decitabine of 20 mg/m2 for 5 days and lower-dose CAG regimen (cytarabine of 10 mg/m2 q12h for 7 days, aclarubicin of 10 mg/d for 4 days, and G-CSF for priming (D-CAG regimen). After two cycles of induction chemotherapy, the patients who obtained complete remission(CR) received consolidation chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).@*Results@#Among a total of 42 patients, the median age was 52.5 years (18-65 years) and 64.3% of them were male. Baseline characteristics of patients between D-CAG group and CAG group showed no significant differences. The CR for patients in D-CAG group was 81.0% (17/21), compared to 52.4% (11/21) in CAG group after 2 cycles of therapy (χ2=3.857, P=0.050). The overall response rate (ORR) for patients in D-CAG group and CAG group was 85.7% (18/21) and 76.2% (15/21) respectively, without significant difference (χ2=1.273, P=0.259). By December 2017, the median follow-up of D-CAG group and CAG group was 13(6-32) months and 15(2-36) months respectively. Finally, 10 patients in D-CAG group and 7 patients in CAG group received HSCT respectively. Except patients receiving HSCT, the median leukemia-free survival (LFS) time for patients in D-CAG group and CAG group was 18.0 (95%CI 6.6-29.4) months and 11.0 (95%CI 0-23.9) months respectively. Probabilities of 12 months LFS for D-CAG group and CAG group were (63.6±14.5)% and (50.0±13.4)% respectively, without difference (χ2=0.049, P=0.824). Except patients receiving HSCT, there were 2 deaths in D-CAG group and 7 deaths in CAG group respectively. The cumulative probabilities of 12 months OS for non-HSCT patients in D-CAG group and CAG group were (90.9±8.7)% and (61.5±13.5)% respectively, without significant difference (χ2=1.840, P=0.175). The incidences of side effects between D-CAG group and CAG group did not show significant differences (P=0.479), and the main side effects included cytopenias, pneumonia, infections of skin and soft tissues, neutropenic patients with fever, liver dysfunction.@*Conclusion@#The decitabine in combination with lower-dose CAG regimen improved CR for patients with MDS-EB and AML-MRC, and was a promising choice.
ABSTRACT
Most of pigments were made of aromatics extracted from cola tar. As early as 1895, aromatics were found to be carcinogenic. In 1974, ETAD had tested 50 more kinds of aromatics and found that 22 had carcinogenic role. In 1994, Germany revised the law of articles of everyday use and clearly stipulated that aromatics were prohibited to be used in production of cloth dye. Bayer had prohibited the use of 118 kinds of pigments such as aromatics, etc. In 1997, the number of prohibited pigments rose to 141. The AATCC in America plans to use environment-protecting pigments instead of aromatic pigments. In order to keep the status of great power in export textile, India had prohibited the use of 116 kinds of pigments and built a monitoring center.Internationally, the trader should show the customer a booklet of instructions indicating that the cloth does not have any pigments, which may be carcinogenic, allergenic or have hormone disrupting characteristics.