ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical manifestations and incidence of opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS seropositive proven hospitalized children. METHODS: Proven HIV seropositive children aged between 18 months to 12 years, admitted between April 2004 to June 2005 (15 months) to pediatric medical ward, KIMS, Hubli, were enrolled. Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations were recorded in the predesigned proforma. A complete physical examination and laboratory investigations were performed at the time of admission. Children were categorized as per 1994 revised CDC classification of pediatric HIV infection. RESULTS: Number of HIV seropositive children admitted during study period was 71. Vertical transmission was noted in 94.37%, which is the major route of transmission. The common symptoms noted were persistent fever (70.42%), persistent cough (59.15%), loss of appetite (59.15%), loss of weight (56.33%) and recurrent diarrhea (30.99%). The common signs present were, hepatomegaly (69.04%), skin lesions (59.15%), lymphadenopathy (57.75%) and severe malnutrition (54.93%). The common opportunistic infections observed were tuberculosis (38.03%), recurrent diarrhea (30.99%), oral candidiasis (21.13%) and recurrent bacterial pneumonia (12.68%). Six (8.45%) children died during the study period, which included 4 (5.63%) cases of HIV-encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: Vertical transmission was the major route of HIV infection. Persistent fever, cough, loss of appetite and loss of weight were common presenting clinical features. Tuberculosis was the commonest opportunistic infection.
Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Cause of Death , Child , Child, Preschool , Developing Countries , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Female , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Seropositivity , Hospitalization , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Male , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Distribution , Survival Analysis , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Urban PopulationSubject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Vitamin K Deficiency/complications , Vitreous Hemorrhage/etiologyABSTRACT
Infantile Tremor Syndrome is a distinct clinical entity most commonly seen in Indian Subcontinent. Syndrome consists of tremors, mental and developmental retardation, abnormal skin pigmentation and anemia in children between 6 months to 2 years. The etiology is still elusive. Amongst various theories, nutritional theory is the most accepted. So far there are no cases reported of vitamin C deficiency in ITS. In this article, three cases of ITS associated with vitamin C deficiency are reported.
Subject(s)
Age Factors , Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use , Ascorbic Acid Deficiency/complications , Folic Acid/therapeutic use , Humans , Infant , Iron/therapeutic use , Male , Malnutrition/complications , Propranolol/therapeutic use , Scurvy/complications , Socioeconomic Factors , Syndrome , Treatment Outcome , Tremor/diagnosisABSTRACT
Dengue fever is on rise globally. In India, Dengue epidemics are expanding geographically, even into the rural areas. Dengue can present with varied manifestations. The mortality rate has been brought down with high index of suspicion, strict monitoring and proper fluid resuscitation. Herewith, we are presenting clinical features and outcome of Dengue cases seen in and around Hubli (North Karnataka).