Effect of aloe vera whole leaf extract on lipid profile status in high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats

Objective To determine the effect of Aloe vera whole leaf extract on lipid profile in type 2 diabetic rats

Study Design: Randomized control trail

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Physiology Army Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with National Institute of Health [NIH] Islamabad from April 2009 to Oct 2010

Materials and Methods: Type 2 DM was induced in 45 healthy rats by feeding high fat diet for 2 weeks and injecting a low dose [35mg/kg] of streptozotocin intra peritoneally. Type 2 diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups, each group having 15 rats and were labeled as diabetic group, Aloe vera group and rosiglitazonegroup. The diabetic group was injected normal saline, Aloe vera group was treated with Aloe vera whole leaf extract in dose of 300mg/kg body weight and rosiglitazone group was given 5mg/kg body weight of rosiglitazone I/P for 21 days

Results: A significant reduction resulted in triglycerides [50%], total cholesterol [49%], low density lipoprotein [57%],, very low density lipoprotein [50%], and increase in high density lipoprotein [50%]. The results of present study provide a scientific basis of using Aloe vera whole leaf extract as lipid lowering drug to reduce the complication and mortality associated with DM

Conclusion: The maximum impact was recorded in rosiglitazone group followed by Aloevera group

Diagnostic value of needle-localization biopsy in the management of non-palpable breast lesions

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of needle localization biopsy in the management of non-palpable breast lesions. This study was conducted over period of two and a half year at surgery unit-II of SMBBMU and Larkana Medical Center. Total 51 patients were included who had BIRADS IV and V lesions on mammogram and ultrasound. All underwent wire/needle localization under ultrasound and latter diagnostic biopsy. All the 51 patients were females. The positive result in terms of presence of diseased breast tissue was found in 92.15%. Needle localization biopsy has good diagnostic accuracy. The results can be improved by bringing improvement in the field of interventional radiology

Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis

To assess the clinical outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the management of acute cholecystitis. Descriptive study. Surgical Units II and III of Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana, from 01.10.2003 up to 31.12.07. In this study 100 consecutive cases of clinically and sonologically confirmed acute cholecystitis who underwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy [within 07 days of attack] were included. Patients with symptoms of more than one week duration or those with associated diseases were excluded. There was female preponderance with male to female ratio 1:4.5. Mean age was 45.75 years [SD +/- 11.99 years]. Most of the patients were received within 24 hours after the onset of symptoms. Ultrasound revealed edematous gall bladder [GB] in 24 cases, contracted GB in ten, empyema in eight, perforated GB in four. Fifty four patients had acute cholecystitis with cholelithiasis. Peroperative complications were minor bleeding in 6 patients, minor injury to liver bed in 3, major bleeding occurred in two cases that required conversion to open surgery .Other findings which delayed the procedure or required conversion were adhesions with omentum, stomach, colon, CBD, and distorted anatomy of Calot's triangle and CBD injury. The conversion rate was 6% among them two were due to bleeding, two with friable adhesions, one with obscure anatomy. Stone in CBD could not be detected on ultrasound in one case and CBD injury occurred in one. The minimum time taken for the procedure was 50 minutes. No mortality occurred in this series. Emergency / early cholecystectomy is reliable, safe and cost effective modality, in the management of acute cholecystitis. It results in accelerated recovery, negligible wound infection or related complications, and less postoperative pain. Certain factors are responsible for conversions which are obscure anatomy, bleeding, adhesions, and CBD, injury

Breast disease: causes for delays in presentation

It has been observed that patients with breast disease may delay consulting a doctor. The results are disastrous for patients ultimately diagnosed with malignant breast disease. This study is an observation of the factors which affect the time interval between symptom recognition in breast disease and medical consultation. All patients with breast disease presenting to the outpatient department of our unit between November 2003 and November 2005 and ultimately admitted were included in the study. They were divided into two groups based on whether they presented before or after 6 months of symptom recognition. They were interviewed about factors which had brought them to the hospital. Factors responsible for delays in presentation were also inquired about. Of the 133 patients with breast lumps, 51 [38.5%], presented within, and 82 [61.7%], beyond 6 months of noticing the swelling. Various factors which might have played a role in the delay to seek advice included poverty [52.4%], belonging to remote areas [44.9%], wrong beliefs and fears [67%], lack of education [58.5%] and shyness [18.3%]. Factors responsible for delays in seeking medical advice among patients with breast disease must be targeted to result in earlier presentation. This is especially important in breast cancer which is a curable disease in the early stages

Early laparoscopic chdecystectomy

To assess the clinical outcome of laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for management of acute cholecystitis and to evaluate its safety, frequency of complications. Observational study. Surgical Units II and III of Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana. From 01.09.2003 up to 31.12. 2007. A total of 100 consecutive cases of, acute cholecystitis confirmed subsequently by abdominal ultrasound scanning, who were admitted for early laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. There was female preponderance with male to Female ratio of 1:4.5. Mean age was 45.75, SD 11.99, and most of patients were received with in 24 hours from the onset of symptoms. In 51 patients ultrasound reveals Edematous GB in 24 [24%], Empyma 8[8%], Contracted 10[10%], Perforated 5[5%] and Gangrenous GB in 4[4%] while 49[49%] have acute cholecystitis with cholelithiasis. The conversion rate was 6%; The minimum time taken during the procedure was 50 minutes. No mortality was reported in this series. Emergency / early Cholecystectomy is reliable and safe modality cost effective, and timely surgery with modern conception in the management of acute cholecystitis, because of accelerated recovery, negligible wound infection or related complication, and less postoperative pain. So Lap Chole should be preferred technique now days for the treatment of acute cholecystitis at our Institute

experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

To document our experience of laparoscopic cholecysectomy. A case series. This study was carried out at private sector medical complex at Larkana. Duration: From 1st December 2002 to 31st May 2004 for a period of 18 months. Two hundred consecutive cases, suffering from symptomatic cholelithiasis, were admitted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Their case record was retrieved and analyzed. There was female preponderance with male to female ratio of 1:4.5. Mean age was 48 years. Majority of patients suffered from chronic cholecystitis. The conversion rate was 5% due to acute cholecystitis with friable adhesions, elderly patients with phlegmon, obscure anatomy and stones in CBD not detected on ultrasound. The mean hospital stay was 36 hows. No mortality occured in this series. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an effective and safe modality of treatment for symptomatic gall stones in experienced h and s. This technique was found to have distinct advantages such as shorter hospital stay, lesser postoperative pain and good cosmetic results

Intraoperative ultrasonography at open cholecystectomy to assess common bile duct for stones

During the period of one year i.e. from January, 1996 to December, 1996, Intraoperative Ultrasonography, using a 7.5 MHz linear transducer, was carried out in a series of 46 patients undergoing open cholecystectomy at Surgical Unit 1 of Civil Hospital, Karachi, to assess common bile duct for stones. On the basis of scanning a correct diagnosis of choledocholithiasis was made in 85.7% cases while common bile duct stones were excluded correctly in 100% of the cases. Mean extra-time required was 17 minutes. There was no procedure-related increase in morbidity and overall mortality was 0%. Operative ultrasonography Is a safe and reliable screening method for common bile duct stones

Clinco pathological experience of gall bladder cancer in northern Sindh

Carcinoma gall bladder has a poor prognosis despite surgical resection of the tumour

-3 A prospective study was planned to evaluate carcinoma gall bladder according to its Clinicopathological presentation. Its frequency among gall bladder diseases was 5.21 percent with male to female ratio 1: 1.22. Average and median ages were 53.43 years and 55 years respectively. Peak age group was 5th decade. Three most common presenting complaints were right hypochondria! Pain [67.24 percent], vomiting [34.48 percent] and lump right hypochondrium [27.58 percent]. Most common macroscopic appearance was cauliflower like mass. Gall stones were associated with 39.65 percent cases. Most of the tumours were adenocarcinomas, majority in advanced histological grades. Glandular pattern was noticed in 27 cases and papillary pattern in 21 cases. Compared to developed countries our patients were more than a decade younger

Orbital neurofibromatosis in Sindhi patients from Pakistan

Although its dramatic appearance makes neurofibromatosis of the eyelid and orbit a widely recognized entity, its occurrence without accompanying changes in the other areas of the body is rare. In a recent study of 750 space-occupying lesions of the orbit in Pakistani patients, only nine [1.2%] had neurofibromas. We report neurofibromatosis confined to the eyelid and orbit in two Sindhi patients from Pakistan, a 22-year-old man and a 24-year-old woman. The attempts at surgical intervention proved dismally discouraging in both cases

Unusual presentation of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid

A clinically benign looking elongated and bulky tumor of the left lower eyelid in a 60-year old Pakistani man proved to be a sebaceous carcinoma on histopathologic examination. It is a most unusual presentation of this malignant neoplasm. Fortunately, the lesion was limited to the excisional biopsy specimen, and no metastases appeared during a one-year follow up

Goitre prevalence and quality of water in District Mardan

Goitre is common in the plains of North West Frontier Province [NWFP] of Pakistan. Certain Villages of Tehsil Swabi, in Mardan District; Raja, Boko, Ghanda, Kota and Manai. We examined 722 individuals, 372 males and 350 females, from these villages. Goitre prevalence in Baja, Jhanda, Kota and Manai was 15.6, 27.8, 43.0 and 37.7% respectively. Goitre prevalence was high among females of child bearing age. The water used for drinking and cooking was grossly contaminated with coliforms and chemically it contained less iodine

Normal shapes of liver: analysis of normal nuclear scans in Multan

Five hundred 'Normal' liver scans were analysed to find out the incidence of various shapes of normal liver. There were differences between our series and the series reported in the literature. The differences may be due to selection criteria or geographical variation

Radionuclide evaluation of the superior vena cava and upper thoracic veins in mediastinal syndrome

Radionuclide studies of the superior vena cava are non-invasive and simple to perform. These studies give information about the patency of the superior vena cava, innominate and the obstruction can be determined. Since this technique is non-invasive or minimally invasive, it can be repeated as often as required. The anatomic and physiologic basis of this investigation and methodology of the procedure is given. Two cases are described in detail. The only other investigation giving comparable clinical information is contrast venography which is uncomfortable and carries a definite risk of allergic reaction