ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the Bolton ratio between Punjabi and Pathan population reporting to Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID] Rawalpindi
Study Design: Comparative study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthodontics at AFID Rawalpindi from May 2014 till Dec 2014
Material and Methods: On the basis of inclusion criteria; 107 good quality study casts out of 150 patients were selected. They were divided into Punjabi and Pathan groups. Both the Overall Bolton Ratio and Anterior Bolton Ratio were calculated for both of these groups. For comparison of their means an independent t test was applied. A p value was determined for anterior and overall Bolton Ratios at 95% confidence interval
Results: Our sample consisted of 52.3% females and 47.7% males. The percentage of the Punjabi population was 59.9% [n=64] and Pathan population was 40% [n=43]. Our mean Overall Bolton ratio calculated was 90.69%. The mean Anterior Bolton ratio calculation was 78.93%. The mean overall Bolton Ratio for Punjabi population was 90.24 and for Pathan population the Ratio was 91%. The mean anterior ratio for Punjabi population was 78.08 and for Pathan population the ratio was 80.19. The p value for overall ratio was .119 while for the anterior ratio the p value was .091
Conclusion: Differences were noted in Bolton Ratio [Overall Bolton Ratio and Anterior Bolton Ratio], but they were statistically insignificant
ABSTRACT
Neonatal seizures [NS] affect approximately 1% of neonates. Clonic, tonic, myoclonic and subtle seizures are the common types. Birth asphyxia, sepsis, metabolic derangements, intracranial bleed, kernicterus, tetanus and 5[th] day fits are the common aetiologies. This study was planned to evaluate the types and causes of neonatal seizures. It was a descriptive case series conducted at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 12[th] December 2006 to 25[th] September 2007 on eonates having seizures. Serum chemistry, blood counts, cerebrospinal fluid examination and cranial ultrasound were done in all patients. Blood culture, renal and liver function tests, computerised tomography scan, metabolic and septic screening was done in selected patients. Descriptive statistics were applied for analysis. Tonic clonic seizure was the commonest type [28%] followed by multi-focal clonic, and focal tonic seizures [25% each]. Birth asphyxia was found to be the main aetiology [46%].Tonic clonic seizure was the commonest type and birth asphyxia the main aetiology identified in the majority of neonatal seizures.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in the permanent dentition of Pakistanis, who reported for orthodontic treatment at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID] Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Orthodontic records of 1185 patients [375 males and 810 females with mean age 16.9 years [11.2 to 45.4]] which comprised orthopantomograms, study models and anamnestic and clinical data, were explored for hypodontia. A total of 51 patients [25males and 26 females] presented with hypodontia of permanent teeth. Calculated prevalence was 4.2% [males-6.7% and females-3.2%]. A total of 77 permanent teeth excluding third molars were found congenitally absent. Mandibular second premolar [21, 27%] was the tooth most frequently found missing followed by maxillary lateral incisors [18, 23%]. Majority of patients [48, 94%] had one or two teeth missing. The number of missing teeth were more in mandible [42,55%] as compared to maxilla [35,45%], more on left side [42,55%] as compared to right [35,45%] side and more in posterior [40,52%] as compared to anterior [37,48%] region