ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the associations of major depressive disorder with coronary heart disease (CHD)and stroke in Chinese adults aged 30 -79 years.Methods:In 2004 -2008,China Ka-doorie Biobank was conducted in 1 0 geographically defined regions (5 urban and 5 rural)of China.A to-tal number of 51 2 891 participants aged 30 -79 years were recruited in the baseline survey.A laptop-based electronic questionnaire was administrated face-to-face by trained health workers,collecting the general demographic and socio-economic status,dietary and other lifestyle behaviours (e.g.smoking,al-cohol drinking,physical activity),medical history and family history of common chronic diseases.Major depressive episodes (MDE)in the past 1 2 months were assessed with the World Health Organization composite international diagnostic interview-short form (CIDI-SF).The physical measurements included the heights and weights,which were used to calculate the body mass indexes (BMI).Chi squared and t test were used to compare the differences in participants characteristics according to their major depressive disorder.Logistic models were employed to estimate the odds ratios (OR)and 95% CI of their major de-pressive disorder with prevalent coronary heart disease and stroke.Results:Among the 51 2 891 partici-pants,3 281 (0.6%)showed an MDE in the preceding 1 2 months,1 5 472 (3.0%)reported prevalent CHD,and 8 884 (1 .7%)reported prevalent stroke.Major depressive disorder was significantly associa-ted with an increased risk of CHD and risk of stroke.Age-and gender-adjusted ORs (95% CI)were 1 . 80 (1 .53 -2.1 2)for CHD and 2.53 (2.09 -3.05)for stroke.The associations were significant after further adjustment for potential confounders,such as other socio-demographic status,smoking,alcohol drinking,physical activity,and BMI,prevalent hypertension,diabetes as well as family history of cardio-vascular diseases (OR =1 .83,95% CI =1 .54 -2.1 8 for CHD;OR =2.1 9,95% CI =1 .79 -2.69 for stroke).Moreover,gender significantly interacted with MDE on prevalent stroke (P for multiplicative in-teraction =0.01 3).The men with an MDE in the past 1 2 months had the highest risk of stroke in the joint analyses of gender and depression disorder (OR =5.02,95% CI =3.70 -6.82).Conclusion:The findings from this large cross-sectional study suggest that the presence of MDE is a risk factor for both CHD and stroke in Chinese adults aged 30 -79 years,but further prospective studies are warranted to validate the results.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the socio-demographic patterns on 12-month major depressive episodes (MDE) among Chinese adults aged 30-79 years.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Socio-demographic variables from half a million Chinese people aged 30-79 years in the China Kadoorie Biobank study during 2004-2008, were collected. For those showing signs of depression, an additional World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI-SF) was face to face administrated, to assess the MDE according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM)- IV criteria. Chi squared and non-parametric tests were used to compare the differences between socio-demographic categories, depressive symptoms and help-seeking behaviors. Associations with MDE for socio-demographic variables were examined by logistic models.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 3 281(6.40‰) studied subjects showed an MDE in the preceding 12 months. Gender, marital status, occupation and household income were correlated with MDE. Somatization was common in Chinese MDE patients while symptoms as weight change (99.91%), sleeping disorder (83.60%) and feeling tired (81.59%), stood for the top 3. As for each episode, the proportions and the total number of depressive symptoms appeared higher among females (P < 0.05). One third of the patients did not seek for any social support or psychotherapy with only 8.99% had ever taken antidepressant drugs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rates of depression varied significantly between social groups in Chinese adults aged 30-79. In this study, only 65.19% of the MDE patients ever has sought help or received treatment.</p>