A constructing study on professional competency standards of school health education teachers / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To construct a model of professional competency standard for school health education teachers in China, then to provide a framework for the professional development of health education teachers at primary and secondary schools.@*Methods@#Seventy-five indicators of professional competency of school health education teacher were identified through job task analysis, qualitative interview, expert consultation. A total of 282 school health administrators/researchers, school principals, health education teachers in Shanghai, and the first undergraduate students of health education progame in China were surveyed. Items analysis verified appropriateness, and exploratory factor analysis determined construct validity of the competency standards.@*Results@#The framework of competency standards consists of four major areas (general literacy, school health services, school health education, school health management), nine categories, and 70 competence standards. Nine categories include professional ethics, general literacy as teacher, assist to deal with emergency/accident health events and common diseases situation in school, assist vaccination and mental health assessment, monitoring/communication the health situation of students, knowledge of health education and teaching skills, implement health education activities effectively and continuously, deal with infectious diseases and environment/ water/food safety in school, monitor conditions of the school health and optimize health strategy continuously. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of total competence standards was 0.98, and those of the sub-dimensions ranged from 0.86 to 0.96 ; the split-half reliability of total system was 0.93 with sub-dimensions coefficient ranging from 0.83 to 0.95.@*Conclusion@#The model of competency standard developed in this study show good validity and reliability, which can provide theoretical framework for the training, using and evaluation of school health education teachers with the characteristics of combinating medicine and teaching.

Mitochondrial ultrastructure & release of proteins during liver regeneration.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that some proteins are released from mitochondria during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH), but the relationship between proteins release and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) remains unclear. We undertook this study to demonstrate the changes of mitochondrial ultrastructure and proteins release during liver regeneration and to determine the relationship between proteins release and MPT in liver regeneration in rats. METHODS: After PH and administration of cyclosporin-A (CsA, a specific inhibitor of MPT), ultrastructural morphology of mitochondria in the remnant liver were determined by electron microscopy. Catalytic activity of mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamic acid dehydrogenase (GDH) was measured. RESULTS: The liver mitochondria at 24 and 72 h were quite variable in morphology and ultrastructure. The enzyme activities of AST and GDH in cytosol released from mitochondrial matrix changed significantly at 24 and 72 h. CsA can inhibit the permeability of mitochondria partly at the same time. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: The changes of mitochondria in ultrastructure reflected the feature of MPT, and the changes of enzymes activities released from mitochondrial matrix were consistent with those of mitochondrial ultrastructure. CsA can inhibit these changes to some extent. There was a close relationship of MPT with mitochondrial ultrastructure and proteins release during liver regeneration.

Effects of resveratrol on pig primary preadipocytes proliferation, differentiation and transcription expression of Sirt1 gene / 生物工程学报

1 approximately 3 days old Piglet's primary preadipocytes in vitro were cultured and treated with 0micromol/L (control group), 10microlmol/L (lower dose group), 20micromol/L(middle dose group) and 50micromol/L, 100micromol/L (higher dose group) RES. Cell proliferation and viability were analyzed by MTT assay. The degree of differentiation and adipogenesis were measured by Oil Red O staining extraction assay and the expression of Sirt1 (sirtuin) mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. The results showed the optical density (OD) of MTT and Oil Red O staining were all decreased, especially treated by 50micromol/L, 100micromol/L RES at 72h and 96h (P < 0.01); the ratio of OD of the expression of Sirt1 mRNA to that of beta-actin mRNA were increased after treated by 100micromol/L RES (P < 0.01). RES can inhibit proliferation and differentiation of pig preadipocytes in certain degree. Higher dose of RES can markedly decrease adipogenesis and prevent preadipocytes differentiation into adipocytes, which may be in part associated with its effect on increasing the expression of Sirt1 mRNA.

Three-dimensional spheroid model for cultivating WB-F344 cells in simulated microgravity / 生物工程学报

Three-dimensional (3D) culture of cells could closely mimic the in vivo situation with regard to cell function and microenvironment compared with plane monolayer cultured cells. In this paper, we established 3D culture of rat WB-F344 cells with rotary cell culture system (RCCS) to simulate microgravity environment, and examined cells proliferation, morphology, microstructure, E-cadherin protein quantity and mRNA expression of adhesion molecules by count the number of cells, optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results demonstrated that cells were polyhedron with lots of micovilli and mitochondria, which grow well and packed together densely to form irregular aggregates. Adjacent cells were connected with desmosome and tight junction. With the regard, the aggregates behaved 3D growth characteristics. Moreover, compared with control, mRNA level of Fibronectin and E-cadherin protein were increased, the changes maybe is the part mechanism in this microgravity simulated cells culture models which strengthened cells junction. This rotating 3D model might facilitate the study of interactions of cell-cell, cell-matrix and the mechanisms.

Research on the mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To investigate the mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium. Methods The MICs of six fluoroquinolones(norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin,levofloxacin,gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin) against 35 clinical isolates of E.faecium from eight hospitals in Tianjin were determined by agar dilution method in the absence or presence of multidrug resistance efflux pump inhibitor reserpine.The quinolone-resistance determining region(QRDR)of parC and gyrA were amplified and sequenced.Results No less than twofold decrease in MIC values of the six fluoroquinolones in the presence of reserpine was observed in 35,29,1,0,6 and 2 of the 35 strains of E.faecium respectively.One fluoro- quinolone-susceptible isolate and five fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were selected randomly to analyze the QRDR of parC and gyrA.All five fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates had single amino acid alteration in both GyrA and ParC.Ser-80 in ParC was substituted by lie(4 isolates)or Arg(1 isolates).Glu-87 in GyrA was replaced by Lys(2 isolates)or Gly(2 isolates). The other one had an Ser-83-to-Ile substitution.The one fluoroquinolone-suseeptible isolate had no alteration in the QRDR of either ParC or GyrA.Conclusions Both target alteration and active efflux are responsible for the resistance to fluoroquinolone in clinical isolates of E.faecium.

Expression of transient receptor potential channel 4 in striatum and hippocampus of rats is increased after focal cerebral ischemia / 生理学报

This paper was designed in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats, to explore the role of transient receptor potential channel 4 (TRPC4) as Ca(2+) selective channel by detecting the changes of the expression of TRPC4 in different parts of cerebral tissues under the condition of focal cerebral ischemia. The rats were sacrificed after MCAO surviving time 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d. As determined by Western blot, the expressions of TRPC4 in striatum and hippocampus of 12 h, 1 d, 3 d groups were significant higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the TRPC4 immunoreactive substances were present in the membrane of neurons. Compared with the control group, immunostaining positive cells increased in hippocampus and striatum of cerebral ischemia groups. The TRPC4 immunostaining positive cells increased significantly in 1d-group and 3d-group (P<0.05). It suggests that as a Ca(2+) selective channel, the variance of the expression of TRPC4 may play a role in acute and delayed neuronal injury in focal cerebral ischemia.

The expression of nestin in ischemia-injured brain of adult rat / 生理学报

Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescent labeling techniques combined with confocal laser scanning microscope analysis were used to investigate the characteristic spatial induction profile of nestin following a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rat brain. The results showed that nestin was induced in ischemic core at 1 day after reperfusion. In addition to ischemic core, the expression of nestin increased in peri-ischemic I, II and III regions at 3 days and 1 week, then it decreased and narrowed along the rim of ischemic core 2 weeks after reperfusion. Double immunofluorescent labeling showed that nestin positive cells were mostly co-stained with GFAP,a astrocyte marker, in peri-ischemic I region 3 days after reperfusion. At 2 weeks, however nestin cells showed a long process and the cells double stained with nestin and NSE,a neuonal specific marker,increased in the ischemic brain. The results suggest that cerebral ischemia induces nestin expression in damaged neurons which might favor the neuroprotection against ischemic damage.