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Objective To investigate the effect of environmental enrichment (EE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cognitive dysfunction in mice. Methods A total of thirty six 3 weeks old Kunming mice experienced 8 weeks of EE or standard environment (SE) feeding. After 8 weeks, they were divided into three groups: standard environment+ normal saline (SE+NS) group, standard environment+lipopolysaccharide (SE+LPS) group, environmental enrichment+ lipopolysaccharide (EE+LPS) group. The open field test was used to measure the locomotive of mice, and the cognitive function was determined by novelty object recognition test. The expression of microglial marker ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA-1) in hippocampus was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of microglial activation marker CD68 and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome related protein in the hippocampus was detected by Western blotting. Results In the open field test, there was no difference in the activity among the three groups. Compared with the SE + NS group, SE + LPS group showed decreased discrimination ratio in novelty object recognition task, with remarkably up-regulated expression of CD68 in the hippocampus (P< 0. 01) . In addition, SE+LPS group exhibited significantly enhanced expression of NLRP3, apoptosis associated speck-like protein (ASC), Caspase-1 and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in the hippocampus compared with SE + NS group (P < 0. 05) . Compared with the SE + LPS group, EE+LPS group showed enhanced discrimination ratio in the object recognition task, with down-regulated expression of CD68, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in the hippocampus (P < 0. 01) . Conclusion Environmental enrichment can alleviate LPS induced cognitive dysfunction, which might be attributed to the inhibiting of microglia and NLRP3 activation in the hippocampus.
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Objective To detect the dynamic expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) in lateral geniculate body (LGB) during the critical period of visual development. Methods Three groups of Kunming mice of different ages were selected for testing, which were 3 weeks old, 5 weeks old and 7 weeks old, twelve in each group. The forepaw-reaching reflex test was used to detect whether the visual function of the mice was normal in each group. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of IGF2 protein and its receptor in the lateral geniculate body of normal mice at week 3, 5 and 7 postnatal, and to analyze the expression of the protein of IGF2 and its receptor in each part of the lateral geniculate body. Results The expression of IGF2 protein in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus decreased significantly at week 5 postnatal and increased significantly at week 7 postnatal, and increased gradually over time at week 5 and week 7 postnatal in the ventral geniculate nucleus. The expression of IGF2 receptor protein in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and ventral nucleus increased significantly at week 5 postnatal, and at week 7 postnatal, the expression of IGF2 receptor decreased to week 3 level in lateral geniculate body of mice. Conclusion The expression of IGF2 and its receptor in lateral geniculate body of mice during critical period of visual development changed dynamically, and the expression patterns of IGF2 and its receptor in different parts of LGB were not completely consistent. The expression of IGF2 and its receptors may be related to the plasticity of visual development in mice.
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Due to the critical correlation between inflammation and carcinogenesis, a therapeutic candidate with anti-inflammatory activity may find application in cancer therapy. Here, we report the therapeutic efficacy of celastrol as a promising candidate compound for treatment of pancreatic carcinoma naïve neutrophil membrane-coated poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether--poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles. Neutrophil membrane-coated nanoparticles (NNPs) are well demonstrated to overcome the blood pancreas barrier to achieve pancreas-specific drug delivery . Using tumor-bearing mice xenograft model, NNPs showed selective accumulations at the tumor site following systemic administration as compared to nanoparticles without neutrophil membrane coating. In both orthotopic and ectopic tumor models, celastrol-loaded NNPs demonstrated greatly enhanced tumor inhibition which significantly prolonged the survival of tumor bearing mice and minimizing liver metastases. Overall, these results suggest that celastrol-loaded NNPs represent a viable and effective treatment option for pancreatic carcinoma.
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors. Surgery remains to be the primary treatment for patients with localized GISTs, but there are still many patients suffering from tumor metastasis and recurrence after surgery. Imatinib adjuvant therapy plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of tumor metastasis and recurrence, but there are still many controversies in terms of dosage and time of administration. For initial unresectable GISTs with large volume, neoadjuvant therapy may considered to be an option. Sunitinib and regorafenib have played an important role in the second and the third line treatments. BLU-285 has brought hope to patients with mutation of PDGFRA D842. The emerging immunotherapy is still in the exploration stage of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in recent years. This article reviews the research progress of surgical treatment, neoadjuvant therapy, postoperative adjuvant therapy and other treatments for GISTs.
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Objective To explore the value of MRI in differential diagnosis of breast medullary carcinoma and fibroadenoma.Methods Data of 11 patients with medullary carcinoma (medullary carcinoma group) and 36 patients with fibroadenoma (fibroadenoma group) confirmed with pathology were analyzed retrospectively.MRI characteristics were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The age of patients in medullary carcinoma group was greater than those in fibroadenoma group (t=2.791,P=0.008).There were statistical differences of the maximum diameter of lesions,internal enhancement characteristics,necrotic and cystic degeneration of lesions,un-enhanced T2WI signal intensity of lesions,DWI signal intensity of lesions and time-signal intensity curve (TIC) type (all P＜0.05),while no statistical difference of lesion numbers,morphology and edge of lesions was found between the two groups (all P＞0.05).Conclusion The features of MRI are helpful to differential diagnosis of medullary carcinoma and fibroadenoma of the breast.
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Objective: To establish a GC method for the determination of borneol and camphor in Xingkening capsules. Methods:A capillary column using polyethylene glycol 20000 (PEG-20M) as the stationary phase (30 m×0. 53 mm,1 μm) was employed. The flow rate of carries gas (N2) was 3. 0 ml·min-1. The inlet temperature was 200℃, the temperature of flame ionization detector was 210℃, the column temperature was 140℃, and the split ratio was 1 ∶ 1. Results: The linear range of borneol was 13. 25-1 325. 19 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9), and the average recovery was 100. 22% with the RSD of 0. 92% (n=6). The linear range of camphor was 1. 029-16. 464 μg·ml-1(r=0. 997 5),and the average recovery was 98. 89% with the RSD of 2. 78% (n=6). Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate and reliable, which can be used for the quality control of borneol and camphor in Xingkening capsules.
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Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of ginsenoside Rg1 ,ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb1 in Xueluotong capsules. Methods:A column of Waters Symmetry C18 ( 250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) at the temperature of 35 ℃ was used to separate the target components, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water with gradient elution, the flow rate was 1. 0 ml ·min-1 , the detection wavelength was 203 nm and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The linear range of ginsenoside Rg1 was 0. 055-2. 732 μg(r=0. 9998), and the average recovery was 107. 23% with RSD of 1. 17%(n=6). The linear range of ginsenoside Re was 0. 341-8. 542 μg(r=0. 9999), and the average recovery was 101. 63% with RSD of 3. 52%(n=6). The linear range of gin-senoside Rb1 was 0. 717-14. 336 μg(r=0. 9997), and the average recovery was 100. 63% with the RSD of 3. 79%(n=6). Conclu-sion:The method is simple, accurate and reliable, which can be used for the quality control of Xueluotong capsules.
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Objective To investigate the value of distinguishing small clear cell renal cell carcinoma and high-attenuation renal cysts by applying unenhanced CT value and homogeneity of the esions.Methods Retrospective analysis of 38 cases of small renal cell carcinoma confirmed by operation and pathology and 58 cases of high-attenuation renal cyst that were confirmed by enhanced CT,and measured CT value and homogeneity of each mass,and did statistical analysis for corresponding datas.Results The CT value of small clear cell renal cell carcinoma was (35.5±10.1)HU (range 20-60.3 HU).The CT value of high-attenuation renal cysts was (70±1 5.2)HU (range 29-95 HU).Difference of the two groups had statistical significance (P <0.001).For high-attenuation re-nal cysts,uniform density often can be seen(47 cases,81.03%).For small clear cell renal cell carcinoma,uneven density often can be seen (29 cases,76.32%).Difference of the two groups had statistical significance (P <0.001).When optimal cut-off of CT value determined by ROC was 5 1.5 HU,the sensitivity and specificity were 89.7% and 92.1%,respectively.Conclusion Unenhanced CT may be helpful in distinguishing small clear cell renal cell carcinoma and high-attenuation renal cysts,which can provide reasona-ble suggestions on the next identification examinations.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) number between normal controls and patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD), and to explore the influence of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the number of EPCs in patients with CHD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 48 hospitalized patients with CHD were enrolled and divided into three groups, including stable angina pectoris (SAP) group, unstable angina pectoris (UA) group, acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) group. Patients with normal coronary angiography served as controls. The percentage of EPCs in peripheral blood nucleated cells was measured at admission and immediately after and 24 hours after PCI in CHD patients by double-color flow cytometry analysis. EPCs were identified with CD133(+)/VEGFR-2(+).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At admission, the percentage of EPCs in peripheral blood nucleated cells was significantly lower in SAP group (0.043% +/- 0.043%), UA group (0.014% +/- 0.018%) and STEMI group (0.040% +/- 0.036%)than that in the control group (0.111% +/- 0.078%, all P < 0.01). The number of EPCs in UA group was significantly lower than that in the SAP group (P < 0.05). In the UA group, the number of EPCs at 24 hours after PCI (0.054% +/- 0.045%) was significantly higher than before operation (0.014% +/- 0.018%, P < 0.01) and tended to be higher than the value immediately after PCI (0.028% +/- 0.041%, P > 0.05). The before and after PCI EPCs numbers were similar in SAP and STEMI groups (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The number of peripheral EPCs in patients with CHD is lower than that in normal subjects and negatively related with severity of coronary heart disease. The number of circulating EPCs increased post PCI in patients with unstable angina pectoris.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angina Pectoris , Blood , Therapeutics , Angina, Unstable , Blood , Therapeutics , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Case-Control Studies , Cell Count , Cell Movement , Cells, Cultured , Coronary Disease , Blood , Therapeutics , Endothelial Cells , Cell Biology , Flow Cytometry , Myocardial Infarction , Blood , Therapeutics , Stem Cells , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the factors contributing to the occurrence of diabetes insipidus after operations for craniopharyngiomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 121 cases of diabetes insipidus following surgeries for craniopharyngiomas were retrospectively analyzed and the factors associated with postoperative diabetes insipidus were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of diabetes insipidus was 27.3% (33/121 cases) before the operation, 89.9% (107/1119) early after the operation and 39.8%(37/93) in later stages after the operation. The occurrence of early postoperative diabetes insipidus showed a significant relation to the classification and calcification of the craniopharyngioma. Patients with supradiaphragmatic and extraventricular tumors had the lowest incidence of postoperative diabetes insipidus. Late postoperative diabetes insipidus was closely correlated to such factors as age, classification of craniopharyngioma, and intraoperative treatment of the pituitary stalk, but not to the scope of tumor resection or tumor calcification. Late diabetes insipidus was more frequent in children and patients with severed pituitary stalk. The incidence of late postoperative diabetes insipidus was significantly higher in patients with supradiaphragmatic and extra-intraventricular tumors than in those with tumors beneath the diaphragma sellae and extraventricular tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Postoperative diabetes insipidus following surgeries for craniopharyngiomas is closely related to the tumor classification, calcification and pituitary stalk protection.</p>