Roles and perspectives of inflammatory factors in diabetic macular edema / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population, in which diabetic macular edema(DME)is the most common reason resulting in the vision impairment. Studies showed that inflammation factors play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of DME. Chronic hyperglycemia activates several biochemical pathways, leading to retinal hypoxia, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Intraretinal inflammation-related cells, such as microglia, monocytes/macrophages, Müller cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells, become activated and release a large number of inflammation-related factors and mediators, including the complement system, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), placental growth factor(PlGF), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-8, etc., resulting in the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and neuronal degeneration. In addition, up-regulatethe expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)by retinal vascular endothelial cells increased the adhesion of leukocyte and leukostasis, further aggravating retinal hypoxia and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, leading to the increased retinal vascular leakage and macular edema. Therefore, early treatment with anti-VEGF and anti-inflammatory are pivotal for the treatment of DME. In this review, we will discuss the role of inflammation factors in the pathogenesis of DME and the research status of the targeted drugs targeting inflammation, so as to provide reference for the treatment of DME.

Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on mandibular bone regeneration and the expression of T helper cell 17/regulat-ory T cell-related factors in mice / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To observe the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on mandibular bone regeneration and the expression of factors related to T helper cell 17 (Th17 cell) and regulatory T cell (Treg cell) in mice.@*METHODS@#Thirty-six 6-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into normal control (NC) and T2DM groups. Fasting blood glucose levels were detected 0 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d after surgery for mandibular defects. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used in observing the bone after 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d of the healing process. Immunohistochemical staining was used in observing the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3), retinoic acid related orphan receptor gamma T (RORγt), and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) after 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d of healing.@*RESULTS@#HE staining showed that the area with new bones in the T2DM group was significantly smaller than that in the NC group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of osteogenesis related proteins ALP and RUNX2 were significantly reduced in the T2DM group. In addition, the number of RORγt positive cells increased, whereas the number of Foxp3 positive cells and the expression PTPN2 decreased significantly in the mandibular bone defect in mice with T2DM.@*CONCLUSIONS@#T2DM significantly inhibit mandibular bone regeneration in mice. Decline in PTPN2 expression and the transition of Treg and Th17 may be the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Ocular lens opacity in residents of areas with high natural radiation background in Yangjiang City, China / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of long-term and low dose ionizing radiation on ocular lens opacities of residents living in areas with high natural radiation background(HNRB) in Yangjiang City, China. METHODS: A total of 483 Han residents from Yangjiang City(HNRB area) and 517 from Enping City(control area) were selected as study subjects using a cluster random sampling method. Questionnaire survey and lens examination were carried out. The risk factors of lens opacity and its severity were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of lens opacity, cortical opacity and posterior subcapsular opacity in HNRB area were higher than those in control area(60.7% vs 51.6%, 53.4% vs 46.8%, 21.9% vs 9.3%, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in karyotype turbidity between HNRB area and control area(52.4% vs 47.6%, P>0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, cardiovascular/metabolic diseases, smoking, alcohol drinking and tea drinking, the unconditional logistic regression analysis results showed that the risk of ocular opacity, cortical opacity and posterior subcapsular opacity in residents of HNRB area was higher than that in control area(all P<0.05). Multivariate disordered logistic regression analysis results showed that residents in the HNRB area had a higher risk of grade two karyotype turbidity than grade one karyotype turbidity(P<0.01). Ordered logistic regression analysis results showed that residents in HNRB area had an increased risk of developing severe cortical turbidity(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Long-term and low dose ionizing radiation exposure may increase the risk of ocular lens opacity, especially cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract, and affect the severity of the disease.

Effect of HR-HPV positive,load and SCC-Ag positive on recurrence rate after radical resection for cervical cancer / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of HR-HPV positive,HR-HPV load and SCC-Ag positive on the recurrence of cervical cancer after radical resection.METHODS: The clinical data of cervical cancer patients who underwent radical resection of cervical cancer in People's Hospital of Zengcheng District from January 2010 to January2019 were retrospectively collected.The patients were followed up regularly,and the preoperative HR-HPV positive,loading,the amount of SCC-Ag expression were determined;the recurrence and metastasis of cervical cancer were analyzed,and the value of HR-HPV positive,HR-HPV loading and SCC-Ag in predicting the recurrence and metastasis of cervical cancer were analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 438 patients with cervical cancer were included.There was no significant difference in pathological type,or postoperative Meigs-Brunschwig pathological staging between the recurrence group(n=42)and the non-recurrence group(n=396)(P>0.05).The difference in the proportion of HRHPV positive(40/42 vs. 144/396),HR-HPV loading and SCC-Ag positive(34/42 vs. 64/396)was statistically significant between non-recurrence group and recurrence group(P0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that distant metastasis,FIGO staging of cervical cancer,HR-HPV positive,and SCC-Ag were independent factors affecting cervical cancer recurrence(P<0.05).When predicting by individual indicator,the specificity and positive predictive value of HR-HPV positive for predicting cervical cancer recurrence were 99.18% and 95.23% at the highest,and the negative predictive value of HR-HPV was87.37% at the highest.When SCC-Ag was used to predict cervical cancer recurrence,the sensitivity was up to 33.33%.The sensitivity of combined prediction was 64.51%,the specificity was 99.46%,the positive predictive value was97.41%,and the negative predictive value was 94.44%.CONCLUSION: Distant metastasis,FIGO staging,HR-HPV positive,and SCC-Ag are independent factors affecting cervical cancer recurrence.The combination of HR-HPV positive,HR-HPV loading and SCC-Ag has certain value for predicting recurrence of cervical cancer,and the prediction value is the highest.

Diagnosis and treatment strategy for advanced severe lung cancer / 中国实用内科杂志

Advanced severe lung cancer means the stage IIIB, IIIC, and IV lung cancer patients with a PS score of 2 to 4 points due to various related causes of lung cancer itself or the complication of anti-tumor drugs, with a high probability of benefiting from the existing systemic anti-tumor treatments. The diagnosis and treatment strategies emphasize the implementation of minimally invasive dynamic monitoring mutation targets and curative effects. Every drug that is useful to the patient should be used as possible, and making the best use of every drug as possible with the help of respiratory support therapy. Specific treatment concepts include combination therapy,alternating medication, paying equal attention to systemic therapy and local therapy, PS score assessment, upgrading and downgrading of drug use, and simultaneous treatment of cancer and lung itself.

Analysis on AIDS related knowledge, high-risk behaviors and STDs infection status of whoremasters in Kaiyuan City, Yunnan Province / 中华疾病控制杂志

@# Objective To understand the awareness of AIDS related knowledge, high risk behaviors, the infection status of HIV, syphilis and HSV-2, and to explore the associated factors with HSV-2 infection among whoremasters in Kaiyuan City, so as to provide scientific evidence for targeted intervention to prevent and control HIV and other STDs. Methods A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among whoremasters recruited through outreach activities and snowball sampling. The blood and urine were also collected for corresponding laboratory examination. Results Among the whoremasters, 98.22% had a high awareness of AIDS related knowledge, 9.33% once used drugs, and 14.67% did not use a condom during the latest commercial sex. 62.22% of the whoremasters ever had non-marital sex partners, and of those who had sex with non-marital sex partners in the past year, 59.55% reported using condoms inconsistently. The total infection rate of HIV/syphilis/HSV-2 was 18.22% and the infection rates of HIV, syphilis and HSV-2 were 3.11%, 1.33% and 16.44%, respectively. The older whoremasters were more likely to have a higher HSV-2 infection rate (AOR=1.044,95%CI:1.016-1.073,P=0.002), and those whoremasters not using a condom during the latest commercial sex were more likely to have a higher HSV-2 infection rate (AOR=3.125,95%CI:1.229-7.945,P=0.017). Conclusions Though whoremasters in Kaiyuan City had a high awareness of AIDS related knowledge, they had high-risk behaviors and relatively high HIV and other STDs infection rates. Targeted interventions are needed to improve the risk awareness of STDs infection to promote consistent condom use in both commercial and non-marital sexual behaviors among whoremasters.

Screening and Identification of Blood Group Alloantibody by Surface Plasmon Resonance Technique and Its Preliminary Application / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the feasibilily of screening and identifying the red blood cell type alloantibodies by means of surface plasman resonance(SPR) technique so as to provide a new method for detecting the transfusion compatibility of red blood cells.@*METHODS@#The RBC antigens for screening the alloantibody were fixed on the SPR chip surface by means of amino coupling method; the analysis conditions of SPR chip were optimized and then the control serum with RBC blood group antibody positive was detected; the performance of SPR chip for detection of serum was analysed; the consistance of rusults detected by SPR technique and microcolum agglutination for clinieal samples of 129 thalasstmia patients with history of lone-term blood transfusion were compared; at the same time, the blood group amtibodies in 7 patients with blood group antibody positive were identified before blood transfusion by using SPR chip so as to select the RBC antigen compatible blood for transfusion; and the efficacy of RBC transfusion was followed up and evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The repeatability, sensitivity and specificity of SPR chip technique for detecting the blood group alloantibodies all were better. The SPR technique and microcolumn agglutination method were not significant different for screening blood group alloantibodies (χ2 = 0.333, P＞0.05), and the overall consistency was 97.2%; the results of SPR technique in 7 patients with positive blood group antibodies were as follows: 3 cases with anti-E, 1 case anti-M, 1 case anti-C, 1 case anti-Jka and 1 case autoantibody, which were consistent with the results of microcolumn agglutination tests, and the compatible red blood cells were selected for transfusion, of which the infusion of 6 cases was effective. In only 1 case the infusion was ineffective because of autoantibody.@*CONCLUSION@#For screening and identification of blood group alloantibodies, the performance of SPR chip technique is equivalent to the micro-column agglutination, but the procedure of SPR technique is simpler, faster and high-throughput and label-free, which can meet the basic requirements for rapid screening and identification of blood group alloantibodies before transfusion of red blood cells.

Application of High Resolution Melting Curve Analysis in Detection of SLC4A1 Gene Mutation in Patients with Hereditary Spherocytosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the feasibility and clinical significance of high resolution melting(HRM) curve analysis to detect SLC4A1 gene D38A and K56E mutations in the patients with hereditary spherocytosis(HS).@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood was collected from 23 cases of HS for routine tests and their genomic DNA was extracted by routine technique. Specific primers of mutation sites D38A and K56E of SLC4A1 gene were designed. The HRM method was used to analyze all the samples, and then the results of HRM were verified with DNA sequencing technology.@*RESULTS@#Among 23 specimens of HS patients, 6 cases of heterozygous mutant gene were detected by HRM technology, including 3 cases of D38A mutation and 3 cases of K56E mutation, which were confirmed by DNA sequencing.@*CONCLUSION@#The HRM technology can correctly detect 2 common mutation sites including D38A and K56E in SLC4A1 gene in an efficient, fast, and reliable way, which not only can be used for clinical diagnosis, but also expected to be a new method for clinical researchers to define gene mutation spectrum in HS patients.

Principle design and simulation of a single longitudinal-arm suspension of a rescue robot / 军事医学

Objective Modern warfare is geographically complex and changeable.The lack of terrain adaptability restricts the popularization and application of rescue robots in the frontline war.To solve this problem,this paper designs a new longitudinal-arm suspension mechanism,and carries out principle analysis and simulation optimization.Methods The automatic dynamic analysis of the mechanical system(ADAMS)was used to establish the virtual suspension model. According to the condition of rescue robot parameters, appropriate constraints and objective functions were set up to optimize the length of the suspension rod and spring stiffness coefficient.Results The suspension structure parameters were optimized by experimental simulation.The single longitudinal-arm suspension could convert the small stroke of the helical spring shock absorber into the large stroke of the tire movement according to the comparison of the experimental data. Conclusion The research and design of single longitudinal-arm suspension are of great significance to develop its physical prototype and to select the helical spring shock absorber,playing an important role in promoting the development of the small wheeled rescue robot.

Protection effect of schisanhenol on learning and memory acquired disorder induced by scopolamine in mice / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect and mechanism of schisanhenol on learning and memory acquired disorder induced by scopolamine.

Microbial presence on kitchen dishcloths in Chinese households / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

To study the microbiological contamination of kitchen dishcloths in Chinese housholds, 1010 'in-use' kitchen dishcloths were collected from residential premises in Beijing and Shanghai, and they were sent to the laboratory for microbiological quality analysis. The aerobic plate counts for dishcloths were 10-109 cfu/cm2 in the range of 150 cfu/cm2 to 1.776×109 cfu/cm2 (Beijing) and 62.5 cfu/cm2 to 8.75×108 cfu/cm2 (Shanghai). Nineteen species of bacteria were detected in the dishcloths, most of which were conditional pathogenic bacteria. This study found a significant difference in the aerobic plate counts of dishcloths with regard to type, number of the days used, activities used for, and some family factors. The findings of the study highlight the potential for contamination of kitchen dishcloths within homes.

Dislocation and replacement of practice teaching course in personnel training of medical law / 中华医学教育探索杂志

At present stage,the needs of practice personnel of medical law include‘professional personnel’ (master's degree)and ‘general personnel’(bachelor's degree),but the existing training system did not make any distinction between the two and triggered the following situations:practical teaching mode convergence,content inanition,lack of resources,etc. From the real needs of the com-munity,practice teaching in master stage should focus on vocational practical trainingcourse including mock trial,common medical law disputes,professional documents writing. Practice teaching in un-dergraduate stageshould focus on the primary practical trainingcourse including court records and medical dispute mediation.

Association between awareness of smoking-related evidence and smoking cessation treatments provided by hospital chest physicians in Guangzhou, China: a multi-institutional cross-sectional survey / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Factors associated with smoking cessation interventions initiated by hospital chest physicians in China had not been studied. We examined if the physicians' awareness of emerging evidence regarding negative effects of smoking was associated with the initiation of smoking cessation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cluster randomized cross-sectional survey was conducted from July 2011 to August 2011 in hospital-based chest physicians (n = 354) in Guangzhou, China.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of those who responded (n = 354, 92.2%), 63.8% were aware of emerging evidence regarding negative effects of smoking and 64.5% initiated smoking cessation programs with their patients who smoked. Regarding the related awareness on smoking differed across physicians depending on their affiliation to evidence hospitals(χ(2) = 54.7, P > 0.001), i.e., primary (44.9%), secondary (55.1%)and tertiary hospitals (87.0%)was further supported by the related odds ratio (OR = 1.732, 95%CI:1.072-2.797, P < 0.05). Smoking status of physicians was related to their practice on smoking cessation, supported by the odds ratio (OR = 4.251, 95% CI:1.460-12.380, P = 0.008). Smoking cessation practice by physicians also depended on their affiliated hospitals. Physicians working at primary and secondary hospitals were less aware of the fact that smoking could reduce patients' responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids than those working at the tertiary hospitals(χ(2) = 37.9, P > 0.001). Furthermore, these physicians would less frequently prescribed medication related to smoking cessation(χ(2) = 137.71, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Physicians who were better aware of the health hazards of smoking might more actively provide smoking cessation advice in their clinics. The awareness might correlate with the hospital levels they worked and the smoking status while the the advice they provided might correlate with their educational background, job title, department affiliation and smoking status, but not with the level of hospitals.</p>

Value of endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy for diagnosis of PET-CT positive mediastinal lymph nodes / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical value of endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) biopsy for diagnosis of PET-CT positive mediastinal lymph nodes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-six patients with lung cancer undergoing both PET-CT scanning and EBUS-TBNA biopsy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guanzhou Medical College from July 2008 to August 2010 were included in this study. There were 89 male and 37 female patients with a mean age of 56.3 years (range 34 to 81 years). (18)FDG-PET was considered positive in mediastinal nodes if the PET-CT reported hypermetabolic activity consistent with malignant disease (standardized uptake value > 2.5). All of the patients were clinically followed up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 126 patients, 185 stations of lymph nodes were punctured. The mean diameter of the nodes was 13.6 mm and the range was 6 - 23 mm. There were no procedural complications. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of EBUS-TBNA were 95.7%, 95.7%, and 100%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EBUS-TBNA is a minimally invasive, highly effective and accurate, practical and safe procedure for diagnosis of PET-CT positive mediastinal lymph nodes.</p>

Study on the unintended pregnancy among married women of child-bearing age living in Qingshan district, Wuhan / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of unintended pregnancy (UP) and exploring the risk factors of UP for married women of child-bearing age from Qingshan district,Wuhan.Methods A cross-sectional study was adopted in this study.Cluster sampling method was used with 3256 women recruited,in 2010.Information on history and risks related to social-demographic factors of UP were collected,using a self-administered questionnaire.Results Of the 3256 participants,over half of them (53.8％) reorted ever having had the history of UP and 9.1％ reported UP in the past year.Rate of UP in the past year for different age cohorts (18-30,31-40,41-49 years) were 31.8％,10.5％ and 1.8％ respectively.The most frequently reported reason for UP across all the age cohorts was "Did not use any contraceptive methods",with proportions on the reason that reported by women at 18-30,31-40 and 41-49 year-olds,were 69.7％,51.1％ and 42.4％ respectively.The second frequently reported reasons for UP were "Failure of traditional contraception" for younger cohort ( 18-30 years:13.0％ ) and "IUD dropped or pregnancy with IUD" for older-age cohorts (23.4％ at 31-40 year-olds and 37.0％ at the 41-49 year-oplds).The most frequently cited reason for "Did not use any contraceptive methods" was "Believe we were lucky so far,not to get pregnant" (59.6％).The risk factors of UP were being at older age,experiencing sex debut at younger age and got married at younger age.Conclusion The prevalence of lifetime UP history was high among women at child-bearing age from Qingshan district,Wuhan.Reproductive health services and interventions should be taken according to the needs from different age cohorts of women.Younger cohort of women should receive more attention.

Primary study on absorption, translocation and accumulation of N, P and K of Achyranthes bidentata / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the absorption, translocation and accumulation of N, P and K on Achyranthes bidentata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The contents of N, P and K were determined by mean of sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide assimilating method, vanadium-ammonium molybdate colorimetric method and flame photometric method, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of N, P and K in the plant were decreasing during the growth period. The absorption rates of the three nutrients by A. Bidentata showed double-peak curves in the whole growth period, maximum absorption rate appeared in the middle ten days of October. About 8.59 kg of N, 1.36 kg of P and 7.40 kg of K were needed to produce each 100 kg root.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The key nutrients absorption period is in the first ten days of September and in the middle ten days of October.</p>

A computer processing system for bronchoscopes images / 中国医疗器械杂志

A new equipment of a computer multimedia system combined with a bronchoscope is presented here, which is able to provide active images with a high definition, image capture, synchronized video recording and playback during bronchoscopy. Its operation is easy and its quality is reliable. It is an advanced product for endoscopies and is worth while to be applied to clinical application.