Comparative analysis between origin of cooked traditional Chinese medicine powder and modern formula granules / 中国中药杂志

In this study, the origin and causes of cooked traditional Chinese medicine powder were reviewed, and a comprehensive analysis was made for the time background of modern traditional Chinese medicine formula granules and the future development trend, in order to provide reference for application and promotion of traditional Chinese medicine formula granules. By reference to ancient medical books of previous dynasties, a system review was conducted for infancy, formation, maturity and transition of cooked traditional Chinese medicine powder, and a comprehensive analysis was made for the six factors of cooked traditional Chinese medicine powder's maturity in the Song Dynasty. Efforts were made to collect domestic and foreign research literatures of modern formula granules, understand the detailed development, and conduct an objective analysis of the current clinical application of modern formula granules. According to the comparative analysis for the application characteristics of cooked traditional Chinese medicine powder and modern formula granules, ①the popularity of cooked traditional Chinese medicine powder in the Song Dynasty has six factors: soaring numbers of medical students and medical practitioners, high medical expenses due to huge army, rapid population growth, frequent epidemics and increasing diseases, and insufficient finances of central and local governments. ②On the basis of clinical application characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine formula granules, traditional Chinese medicine formula granules contain extracted and concentrated effective components, which guarantee the curative effect, meet modern people's demands for "quick, simple and convenience" traditional Chinese medicine decoctions, show a relatively high cost performance; however, formula granules are restricted by their varieties and lack unified quality control standards, and single-extract formula granules have not synergy and attenuation effects of combined traditional Chinese medicine decoctions, which also restricts its clinical application and promotion. ③Both have advantages in the process of clinical application, and shall be used based on syndromes. In conclusion, traditional Chinese medicine formula granules do not have disadvantages of "difficult, complicated, turbid and disorderly" cooked traditional Chinese medicine powder, and solve such problems as "inflexibility, expensiveness, restriction, disorder and inefficacy", which is the important basis for promoting traditional Chinese medicine formula granules.

Numerical taxonomy of corlor in Phellodendron Cortex / 中国中药杂志

Through the investigation of Phellodendron Cortex on the market, and 28 batches of samples were collected. By using spectrophotometer the color values of outer surface, inner surface and cross - section of these samples were measured. These measured color data was translated into 3D structure diagram by using the Lab color space tool. The level difference value, the mean value and the threshold value were calculated based the measured color data of these different batches of samples. All 28 groups measured data was analyzed using the methods of Ward linkage and average Euclidean distance. At the same time, we invited Professor Jin Shiyuan, the "Chinese medicine master", to identify, quality-evaluate and grade these 28 batches of Phellodendron Cortex samples base on the traditional experience, then compared the traditional empirical results with the spectrophotometer measurement results. The result showed that, the Phellodendron Cortex could be divided into Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex by color numerical clustering, and classified according to quality. The classification result has a high degree of consistency with the traditional experience.

Preliminarily analysis on traditional Chinese medicine advices in Treatise on Febrile Diseases / 中国中药杂志

To make a systematic analysis on literatures concerning traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) advices in Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and summarize the main connotations of traditional Chinese medicine advices, relevant TCM advices in Treatise on Febrile Diseases were collected, screened, compared, summarized and analyzed according to TCM dosage form preparation methods, TCM administration methods, medication contraindications and nursing after TCM administration. The literatures concerning medications in Treatise on Febrile Diseases were consulted, summarized and compared to standardize medicine advices and facilitate rational clinical application of TCMs. The standard medicine advices were as follows. The boiling water for TCMs shall be tap water and well water. The decoctions that have effects in promoting blood and meridians can be boiled with wine. The decoctions containing toxic components can be boiled with honey. Some TCMs shall be boiled with special methods, e. g. Herba Ephedra that could be boiled before other medicine and skimmed. Japonica rice could be added in decoctions to measure the duration of decoctions. Different dosages were required for different forms (litre, pill, medicine spoon). Administration times, temperature and frequency shall be adjusted according to target positions, functions and stage of illness. As for dietary contraindications during medication, thick porridges are recommended, where foods impacting medicine efficacy are prohibited. Regarding nursing after medication is important to recover physical functions, particularly warm porridges can go with diaphoretic recipes, while thick porridges can go with purgative recipes. And drug efficacies shall be defined by observing urine and excrements, and blood form. In conclusion, Treatise on Febrile Diseases is the first book that discusses TCM advices and records them in details. In this study, new standard medicine advices were proposed to provide important basis for improving clinical advices of TCMs and supports for developing the TCM dispensing technology.

Briefly analysis on academic origins of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing / 中国中药杂志

Through collecting and collating the development process of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing, the development of modern Chinese medicine dispensing on the basis of experience could be promoted. "Heyaofenji", "Hehe", " Heji" in ancient Chinese medicine, herbal medicine literature and law were collected, and then things were sorted out according to traditional Chinese medicine dispensing theory, skills and legal norms. Firstly, "Tang Ye Jing Fa" is the earliest book which marks the rudiment of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing. Secondly, traditional Chinese medicine dispensing theory formed in "Shen Nong's herbal classic". Thirdly, Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" marked the formation of Chinese medicine dispensing skills. Lastly, Provisions in Tang Dynasty law marks the development of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing.

Construction and thinking of data element standard directory of traditional Chinese medicine clinical pharmacy information / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this study was to develop the data element standard directory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical pharmacy information, to provide application standards and models of TCM clinical pharmacy for the electronic medical record (EMR). The developed line of work is as follows: initially establish research through four forms: literature analysis, questionnaires, discussion groups, expert advice. The research range from the Chinese herbal medicine research, herbal origin, harvesting, processing, identification of traits, physical and chemical identification, modern research, character, taste, Indications, clinical application, processing, dispensing medicine, Chinese medicine specifications, usage, dosage, caution, efficacy indications to small packaging applications, drug research, management and other related issues, including traditional Chinese medicine theory, application and hospital management information; according to the general and part 16 content of the national "Health Information Data Element Standards", and the basic method of extracting data element to study and develop the data element of TCM clinical pharmacy information from the defining content. Correspondingly propose the ideas and methods of construction of the "Data Element Standard Directory of TCM Clinical Pharmacy Information", sort out medicine clinical information data element standard catalog, divided into basic categories, clinical application class, management class three parts, and set norms and standards of identifying data elements, definitions, allowable value of traditional Chinese medicine clinical information, and discuss the sources and standards of information collection, leaving the interface, standardized and scientific terminology, docking with the existing standards, maintenance and management program and oter issues.

Preliminary analysis on morphological characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines in cold property / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study morphological features of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in cold property, such as shape, color, odor and taste.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Totally 118 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in cold property were selected as study objects. EpiData 3.02 software was applied to establish a database, and SPSS 18.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In terms of shape, traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in cold property were classified into 20 categories. Specifically, there were 33 cylindrical herbs, accounting for 28%; there were 10 flaky, ovate and massive herbs respectively, taking up 8.5%; there were 7 oval and curled herbs, occupying 5.9%; there were 6 sphere herbs, accounting for 5.1%; and other shapes were distributed dispersedly. By color, they were classified into 18 kinds, including 15 cases in yellow-brown color, accounting for 12.7% ; 14 cases in yellow-white color, taking up 11.9%; 13 cases in white color, occupying 11.0%; 9 cases in gray-brown color, accounting for 8.5%; 7 cases in dark brown, taking up 5.9%; and there were 6 cases in green, gray and brown colors respectively, occupying 5. 1%. By odor, they could be classified into 6 categories, including 49 cases with feeble odor, accounting for 41.5%, 31 cases without odor, taking up 26.3%; 15 cases with specific odor, occupying 12.7%; with respect to taste, there were 26 cases in slight bitter taste, accounting for 22.0%; 25 cases in flat taste, taking up 21.2%; 24 cases in bitter taste, occupying 20.3%; and 16 cases in sweet taste, accounting for 13.6%. In terms of texture, there were 34 cases in crisp texture, taking up 28.8%; 26 cases in light weight, occupying 22%; 25 cases in hard texture, accounting for 21.2%; 11 cases in solid and tough textures, respectively, taking up 9.3%; those in heavy weight and loose, hard, smooth and other textures occupied a small proportion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The morphologic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines in cold property show certain regularity. They are mostly cylindrical, yellow, slightly bitter and crisp, with feeble odor. They provide reference for further studies.</p>

Preliminary analysis on morphological characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines in hot property / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study morphological features of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in hot property.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Altogether 114 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs in hot property were selected as study objects. EpiData 3.02 software was applied to establish a database, and SPSS 18.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In terms of shape, there were 25 cylindrical herbs, accounting for 21.9%, which was the largest proportion; 12 flaky herbs, taking up 10.5%; 11 sphere herbs, occupying 9.6%; 9 ovate and massive herbs, respectively, accounting for 7.9%; 8 oval herbs, taking up 7.0%; and the rest herbs were distributed dispersedly. By color, there were red cases, accounting for 39.5%, which was the largest proportion; 29 yellow cases, accounting for 25.4%; 16 black cases, accounting for 14.1%; 15 green cases, accounting for 13.2%; and 9 white cases, accounting for 8.9%. By odor, there were 62 cases with aroma (including slight aroma), accounting for 54.4%; 28 cases with slight odor, accounting for 24.6%; 13 cases without odor, accounting for 11.4%; 7 cases with specific odor, taking up 6.1%; 4 fishy cases, taking up 3.5%. By taste, there were 36 cases in pungent taste (including slight pungent), occuping 31.6%; 35 cases in bitter taste (including slight bitter), taking up 30.7%; 19 sweet cases (including slight sweet), occuping 16.6%; 5 salt cases (including slight salt), occuping 4.5%; 4 sour cases (including slight sour), occuping 3.5%; 11 cases in flat taste, occuping 9.6%; 3 astringent cases, occupying 2.6%; and 1 numb-taste case, occuping 0.9%. In terms of texture, hard herbs (including hard and solid ones) occupied 39.4%; crisp herbs occupied 24.6%; light-weigh herbs occupied 12.3%; heavy-weigh herbs occupied 3.5%; loose herbs occupied 2.6%; and tough herbs occupied 5.3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The morphologic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines in hot property show certain regularity. They are mostly cylindrical, red, pungent and hard, with aroma.</p>