hOGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cigarette-smoke induced DNA damage can cause airway cell apoptosis and death, which may be associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, only 20% - 30% of smokers develop COPD, suggesting that different degrees of DNA repair produce different outcomes in smokers, i.e., part of them develop COPD. We investigated the association between polymorphisms in DNA repair genes hOGG1 (Ser326Cys) and XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), alone or in combination, and susceptibility of COPD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Altogether 201 COPD patients and 309 controls were recruited and frequency-matched on age and sex. hOGG1 and XRCC1 genotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The risk of COPD was not significantly different among individuals with Ser/Cys and Cys/Cys genotypes compared with those with hOGG1 Ser/Ser genotype. The risk of COPD was not significantly different among individuals with Gln/Gln genotype compared with those with XRCC1 Arg/Arg genotype, but it was significantly elevated among individuals with Arg/Gln genotype (adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 1.55, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.05 - 2.29, P = 0.029). Assessment of smoking status in current smokers compared with those with hOGG1 Ser/Ser genotype revealed that the risk of COPD was significantly elevated among individuals with Cys/Cys genotype (adjusted OR = 5.07, 95% CI 1.84 - 13.95, P = 0.002). Compared with those with XRCC1 Arg/Arg genotype, the risk of COPD was significantly elevated among individuals with Arg/Gln genotype (adjusted OR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.52 - 5.07, P = 0.001). Assessment of smoking exposure in light smokers compared with those with hOGG1 Ser/Ser genotype showed that the risk of COPD was significantly elevated among individuals with Cys/Cys genotype (adjusted OR = 4.02, 95% CI 1.05 - 16.80, P = 0.042). Compared with those with XRCC1 Arg/Arg genotype, the risk of COPD was significantly elevated among individuals with Gln/Gln genotype (adjusted OR = 4.48, 95% CI 1.35 - 14.90, P = 0.014). In heavy smokers compared with those with XRCC1 Arg/Arg genotype, the risk of COPD was significantly elevated among individuals with Arg/Gln genotype (adjusted OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.42 - 4.58, P = 0.002). When hOGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms were evaluated together, compared with those with 0 - 1 of hOGG1 326Cys and XRCC1 399Gln alleles, the risk of COPD was significantly elevated among individuals with 3 - 4 of hOGG1 326Cys and XRCC1 399Gln alleles (adjusted OR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.86 - 5.43, P = 0.000). Assessment of smoking status and smoking exposure in current/light/heavy smokers showed that the risk of COPD was significantly elevated among individuals with 3 - 4 of hOGG1 326Cys and XRCC1 399Gln alleles (adjusted OR = 8.32, 95% CI 3.59 - 19.27, P = 0.000; OR = 5.46, 95% CI 2.06 - 14.42, P = 0.001; OR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.43 - 6.02, P = 0.003; respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>hOGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to COPD. The risk of COPD is significantly elevated among current/light smokers with hOGG1 326Cys and XRCC1 399Gln.</p>

Apoptosis of the adriamycin-resistant leukemia cell line induced by the recombinant mutant human TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand combined with arsenic trioxide / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of recombinant mutant human TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rmhTRAIL) combined with As(2)O(3) on inducing apoptosis of adriamycin-resistant leukemia cell line K562/A02 (mdr-1(+)). The morphologic changes of cells treated with rmhTRAIL were observed by inverted microscope, taking adriamycin-sensitive cell line K562 (mdr-1(-)) as control; the inhibitory rate of cell proliferation after being treated with rmhTRAIL, As(2)O(3) alone or combined was assayed by MTT method; the apoptosis peaks of K562/AO2 and K562 were quantitatively detected by flow cytometry with PI staining after being treated with rmhTRAIL, As(2)O(3) alone or in combination. The results indicated that the inhibition effect of rmhTRAIL and As(2)O(3) in combination on K562/AO2 and K562 cells was higher than that of riTRAIL and As(2)O(3) alone (p < 0.01), rmhTRAIL combined with As(2)O(3) had synergistic effect in killing K562/AO2 and K562 cells by king's formula. The apoptosis rates of K562/AO2 and K562 cells were 34.93 +/- 0.10% and 10.53 +/- 0.16% (p < 0.01), as well as 5.95 +/- 0.07%, and 3.50 +/- 0.01% (p < 0.05), 50.95 +/- 0.91% and 20.75 +/- 0.95% (p < 0.05) respectively when their cells were treated by rmhTRAIL and As(2)O(3) alone. The apoptosis rate in K562/AO2 group was higher than that in K562 group. It is concluded that rmhTRAIL can induce K562/A02 and K562 cell apoptosis; rmhTRAIL combined As(2)O(3) had synergistic effects; the efficacy of on rmhTRAIL or As(2)O(3) inducing K562/AO2 cell apoptosis is higher than that on their parental cell line K562.

Inhibitory effects of a combination of rmhTRAIL and gemcitabine on human non-small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H460 cells in vitro and in vivo / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the inhibitory effects of recombinant mutant tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rmhTRAIL) combined with chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine (GEM) on human lung cancer cell line NCI-H460 cells in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTT was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of rmhTRAIL and GEM either used alone or in combination treatment on NCI-H460 cells. BAL B/c nude mice were transplanted with NCI-H460 tumor. The tumor-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 6): negative control group (to be injected intraperitoneally with normal saline); rmhTRAIL group; GEM group; rmhTRAIL plus GEM group; GEM plus DDP group; rmhTRAIL plus GEM andDDP group. The tumor size was measured every 3 - 4 days. Twenty one days after the administration of different drugs the mice were killed and the tumors were taken out and weighed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The growth inhibition of NCI-H460 cells was dose-dependent after exposure to rmhTRAIL, GEM alone or together. The combination of rmhTRAIL and GEM showed a synergistic inhibitory effect at different concentrations. The relative tumor volume of rmhTRAIL group, rmhTRAIL plus GEM group, GEM plus DDP group and rmhTRAIL plus GEM and DDP group were 4.75 +/- 3.04, 2.53 +/- 1.25, 4.52 +/- 2.87, and 1.69 +/- 0.97, respectively, all significantly smaller than that of the negative control group (8.82 +/- 5.62, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The tumor weight of these four groups were (2.23 +/- 0.29) g, (1.12 +/- 0.77) g, (2.51 +/- 0.87) g, and 0.60 +/- 0.18 g, respectively, all significantly less then that of the negative control group (4.71 g +/- 0.97 g, all P < 0.01). Both the relative tumor volume and tumor weight of rmhTRAIL plus GEM group were significantly smaller than those of either rmhTRAIL group or GEM group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Both the relative tumor volume and tumor weight of rmhTRAIL plus GEM and DDP group were significantly smaller than those of either rmhTRAIL group or GEM plus DDP group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination of rmhTRAIL and GEM has a synergistic inhibitory effect on human NSCLC cell line NCI-H460 cells either in vitro and in vivo.</p>

Combined effect of recombinant mutant human TRAIL and daunorubicin in inducing apoptosis of leukemia cell and its mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of study was to investigate the combined effect of recombinant mutant human TRAIL (rmhTRAIL) with daunorubicin (DNR) or alone on K562 and U937 leukemia cell lines and its mechanism. The fibroblasts (MRC-5) of normal-human embryonic lung were used as control cells. After being treated with rmhTRAIL and DNR or only with rmTRAIL, the cytotoxic effect and the apoptosis rate in K562, U937 cells were measured by MTT assay. The expression levels of TRAIL death receptor and TRAIL decoy receptor mRNA in these three cell lines were assayed by semiquantitive RT-PCR before and after treatment with DNR. The results indicated that K562 and U937 were sensitive to rmhTRIAL. DNR had synergistic inhibitory effect with rmhTRAIL on the growth of K562 and U937 cell lines (P < 0.05). The expression level of DR4 and DR5 mRNA was significantly higher in K562 and U937 with combined treatment of rmhTRAIL and DNR than that in those alone, while the expressions of DcR1 and DcR2 mRNA were not influenced. It is concluded that in vitro, rmhTRAIL alone or in combination with DNR can obviously inhibit the growth of leukemia cell lines and induce cell apoptosis, DNR and rmhTRAIL have a synergistic inhibitory effect on growth of K562 and U937. The mechanism may correlate with the up-regulation of DR4 and DR5 of K562 and U937.

Effects and mechanisms of cholecystokinin octapeptide on hippocampal injury during endotoxic shock / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the effects and the mechanisms of cholecystokinin octapeptide(CCK-8) on hippocampal injury during endotoxic shock (ES).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rabbits were injected intravenously with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 8 mg/kg) to establish ES model. Thirty-two Rabbits were divided into 4 groups at random (n = 8): control (saline, iv), LPS, CCK-8 + LPS (CCK-8 pre-administrated 30 min before LPS, iv), proglumide (Pro, nonspecific antagonist of CCK receptors) + LPS (Pro pre-administrated 30 min before LPS, iv) group. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured. The morphologic changes in the hippocampus were observed through light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The alterations of activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), contents of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus were assayed. Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats, grouped as that of the rabbits, were used to detect the expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) protein by immunohistochemistry staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LPS administration resulted insignificant reduction in MAP (P < 0.01 vs control group) and hydropic degeneration of neurons in the hippocampus. Compared with those of control group, the NOS activity, NO level and MDA content were increased significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), while SOD activity was reduced (P < 0.01) in the hippocampus of ES rabbits. LPS administration induced the expression of iNOS protein in the cytoplasm of hippocampus neurons, and lead to stronger positive signals of nNOS than that of control group. CCK-8 pre-administration could alleviate the changes induced by LPS, while Pro pre-administration aggravated those alterations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CCK-8 could protect hippocampus neurons against the injury induced by LPS during ES, which might be associated with its effects of suppressing the over production of NO and free radicals.</p>

Effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide on the tension of pulmonary artery in rabbits with endotoxic shock / 生理学报

For investigation of the regulatory mechanism of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) on pulmonary circulation in rabbits with endotoxic shock (ES) induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) were evaluated for 5 h in five groups of rabbits: group of LPS (8 mg/kg, i.v.)-induced ES, group of CCK-8 pretreatment (15 microg/kg, i.v.) 15 min before LPS administration (8 mg/kg, i.v.), group of proglumide pretreatment (1 mg/kg, i.v.) 15 min before LPS administration (8 mg/kg, i.v.), group of CCK (15 microg/kg, i.v.) only, and normal saline (control) group. The pulmonary arterial tension was measured with isolated vascular ring technique. The results showed that LPS-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension was abolished by CCK-8. In contrast, proglumide, a nonspecific antagonist of CCK-8 receptor, potentiated the deleterious effect of LPS. The contractile response of isolated pulmonary artery to alpha-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (PE) was enhanced and the relaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh) was depressed significantly after LPS was injected, but the effect could be reversed by CCK-8. These results suggest that pulmonary circulation is improved by CCK-8 in ES, and the regulatory effects of CCK-8 may be brought about by modulating the pulmonary arterial tension.