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Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are essential polycations that play important roles in various physiological and pathophysiological processes in mammalian cells. The study was to investigate their role in cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanism. Isolated hearts from male Sprague-Dawley rats were Langendorff-perfused and cardiac I/R was achieved by 30 min of global ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Different concentrations of polyamines (0.1, 1, 10, and 15 μmol/L of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), cyclosporin A (0.2 μmol/L), or atractyloside (20 μmol/L) were given 10 min before the onset of reperfusion. The hemodynamics were monitored; the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the coronary effluent were measured spectrophotometrically; infarct size was determined by the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining method; and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening was determined spectrophotometrically by the Ca-induced swelling of isolated cardiac mitochondria. The results showed that compared to I/R alone, 0.1 and 1 μmol/L polyamines treatment improved heart function, reduced LDH release, decreased infarct size, and these effects were inhibited by atractyloside (MPTP activator). In isolated mitochondria from normal rats, 0.1 and 1 μmol/L polyamines treatment inhibited MPTP opening. However, 10 and 15 μmol/L polyamines treatment had the opposite effects, and these effects were inhibited by cyclosporin A (MPTP inhibitor). Our findings showed that polyamines may have either protective or damaging effects on hearts suffering from I/R by inhibiting or activating MPTP opening.
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Animals , Male , Rats , Cyclosporine , Pharmacology , Mitochondria, Heart , Physiology , Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins , Physiology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury , Polyamines , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of microRNA-124 on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease models and its inflammation-related regulation mechanism.Methods The inflammation cell models were prepared by microglial BV2 murine cells; real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyze the expressions of inflammation-related miRNAs,including miR-21,miR-124,miR-155,miR-146a,miR-181c and miR-221-3p.The C57BL/6 mouse models of Parkinson's disease were established by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MTPT)intraperitoneal injection,and then,administration of miR-124 via tail vein injection was performed;immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons (TH-staining)and the activation ofmicroglial cells (Iba1-staining) in the substantia nigra of animal models before and after treatment; additionally,Western blotting and qRT-PCR were performed to analyze the expressions of the apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3 and caspase-8).Results As compared with other 5 miRNAs,miR-124 showed significantly higher expression in BV2 cells (P＜0.05),and presented higher down-regulation after the induction of inflammatory.As compared with those in the Parkinson's disease models,significantly increased TH-positive cells,decreased Iba1-positive cells and down-regulated expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in the substantia nigra of animal models after miR-124 ministration were observed (P＜0.05).Conclusion MiR-124 can slow down the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons though inhibiting the activation of microglial cells,and maybe it is the key molecule ofpathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Objective To explore the significance and application of the angle between the canthomeatal line (CML) and the anterior commissure-posterior commissure (AC-PC) line in the sagittal plane projection in stereotactic neurosurgery.Methods Quantitative MRI was performed in a cross-sectional analysis of 120 normal volunteers from south China; the angle between the canthomeatal line and the AC-PC line in the sagittal plane projection,the length of the intercommissure line,and the vertical distance from external auditory canal midpoint to the AC-PC plane were measured and matched for age and gender.Results The average angle between the CML and the AC-PC line in the sagittal plane projection of all South China adult brains is (12.03±1.11)°,which is (12.17±1.06)° in male and (11.89±1.14)° in female.The average length of AC-PC line is (23.74±0.95) mm,which is (24.35±0.64) mm in male and (23.14±0.95) mm in female.The average length of the vertical distance from external auditory canal midpoint to the AC-PC plane of all is (48.69±4.03) mm,which is (49.57±3.10) mm in male and (47.82±4.61) mm in female.Clinical validation showed that the deviation angle to the actual AC-PC plane was (1.56±0.63)°.Conclusion The angle formed by CML and the AC-PC plane is stable in adults of different gender and ages; taking CML as a baseline,the surface projection of AC-PC line can be drew with the angle and the vertical distance,and then,the AC-PC plane by adjusting the directional headstock can be obtained with high accuracy,repeatability and maneuverability; therefore,these data can be used as a valuable reference of adult brain structure of Han nationality in South China.
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Objective To research the pathological features of 9L/Fischer344 of rat gliomas treated by argon helium cryotherapy.Methods The 9L gliomas were planted into 30 Fischer344 rats to establish the 9L/Fischer344 rat models; these rat models were randomly divided into blank control group (not given any treatment) and argon helium cryotherapy group.Thirty d after that,tumor histopathology was observed; HE staining and electron microscopy were employed to observe the morphology of the tumors; immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the GFAP and S-100 protein expressions.Results In the blank control group,light microscope showed gliomas closely nested arrangement without envelope,minute vessels expanding in the surrounding area of the gliomas,and gliomas growing following the minute vessels; abundant neovascularization,hemorrhage and coagulated necrosis in the gloms were noted; At high magnification,morphological diversity,low differentiated degree,big and excessive nucleus with deep staining were noted in the gliomas; GFAP and S-100 preotein was negatively expressed in the gliomas cell,but positive expression was noted in the glial network between gliomas.In the argon helium cryotherapy group,uniformed coagulation necrosis was noted in the central area,and cell debris and a lot of red and leukocyte infiltration were noted in the marginal zone; a large number of red blood cells,platelets and thrombosis,and visible focal hemorrhage were noted in the capillaries;tissue necrosis or cell apoptosis was noted in all central and marginal zones.Conclusion Argon helium cryotherapy might be an effective way for treating gliomas.
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Objective To investigate the role of C6 glioma cells mediated by rapid freezing and thawing ofAr-He cryoablation in the maturation of marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) in Wistar rats,and the anti-tumor effect of these DCs on rat models of intracranial gliomas. Methods C6 glioma cells were routinely cultured in vitro; rapid freezing and thawing of Ar-He cryoablation was employed in C6 glioma cells of the experimental group, and C6 glioma cells of the negative control group were only performed insertion of the probe; blank control group (using rapid freezing and thawing of Ar-He cryoablation on the same amount of PBS) was also employed.Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) were first prepared from tibia and femur bones of Wistar rats. These cells were cultured with such cytokines as recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF),recombinant interleukin-4 (rmIL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) to induce their maturation; BM-DCs were pulsed with or without tumor cell lysate obtained by rapid freezing and thawing of Ar-Hecryoablation at a ratio of (DC:tumor cells =1:3) 7 d after that.Morphological observation of BM-DCs was performed by light microscopy and the expression of DCs costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 were measured by flow cytometry 48 h after the addiction; the IL-12 level in the supematant of DCs was detected by ELISA. In order to determine whether or not vaccination with C6 TP DCs can induce the therapeutic potential in the established glioma-bearing models, the C6 cells cultured in vitro were stereotaxically implanted into the left caudate nucleus of Wistar rat brain; glioma-bearing rats were injected with vaccination with DCs,cells from the blank control group and negative control group on the 3rd and 10th d. Survival time was observed and determined using the method of Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank analysis. Results DCs from rats' bone marrow cells cultured with cytokines and pulsed with tumor lysates showed the characters of typical mature DCs.Morphologically,these cells were large with oval or irregularly shaped nuclei and with many small dendrites. Phenotypically, they expressed high levels of CD80 and CD86 antigens (71.8 1％± 1.10％ and 74.66％± 1.48％ in experimental group,49.49％±1.08％ and 51.20％±2.06％ in negative control group, and 48.47％±1.09％ and 49.53％±1.89％ in blank control group); significant difference was noted between each 2 groups (P＜0.05).Functionally,the IL-12level in the supernatant of DCs showed obvious increment in the experimental group (245.99 ±3.20pg/mL) as compared with that in the negative control group (138.68±3.20 pg/mL) and blank control group (135.16±2.88 pg/mL,P＜0.05).These cells gained the capacity of mediating immunotherapy against intracranial gliomas in rats:the median survival in the experimental group (33 d) was significantly higher than that in the negative control and blank control groups (22 and 24 d, respectively, P＜0.05).Conclusion C6 glioma cells mediated by rapid freezing and thawing of Ar-He cryoablation can induce maturation of BM-DCs in Wistar rats; these BM-DCs pulsed with tumor lysates, as new therapeutic vaccines,can mediate immunotherapy against intracranial gliomas in rats.
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Objective To label adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) with different concentrations of ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) to investigate the biological characteristics of ADSCs treated with these USPIO,and determine the optimal concentration of USPIO in labeling ADSCs in vitro. Methods USPIO with different concentrations were prepared,and the particles were endocytosed by ADSCs generated from rat adipose tissue. Eight groups (negative control group,blank control group,and 11.25,22.5,45,90,135 and 180 μg/mL treatment groups) were chosen. Labeling efficiency and cellular uptake were analyzed by Prussian blue staining. Meanwhile,proliferation capacity and viability of ADSCs were evaluated by Alamar blue assay and Cell Counting kit-8. Results ADSCs could be effectively labeled with USPIO: approximately 95％ ADSCs were labeled when they were incubated with USPIO for 24 h under the concentration of USPIO was 45 μg/mL;and approximately 100％ ADSCs were labeled when the concentration of USPIO was 90 μg/mL and above. The CCK-8 and Alamar blue tests showed that USPIO of different concentrations (11.25-90 μg/mL) had little influence on cell growth viability,and no significant difference was noted between each 2 concentration groups (P＞0.05). In a word, 45-90 μg/mL USPIO were the optimal choice for transplantion of ADSCs in vivo. Conclusion ADSCs from the adipose tissue can be effectively labeled with USPIO with minimal effect on cell proliferation and viability.
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Objective To introduce a bundled microelectrode array of chronic in vivo single-unit recording in subthalamie nucleus (STN) of freely behaving rats. Methods STN single cell discharge was recorded by a self-designed bundled microelectrode array.Our microelectrode array design consisted of 3 parts:(1) a 29-guage stainless steel tube was served as a guide tube to facilitate the brain penetration of microwire tips,and as a ground electrode of the brain tissues as well. (2) Five 20μm platiniridium wires were used as recording electrodes and a 50.8 μm stainless steel wire with 1 mm bare tip was employed as local potential reference; all the above resembled a guiding-hand-shaped arrangement in microwire tips,and was fixed by trny plot of carbowax moreover.(3) A male connector with end screw receptors was employed to make the array connection more stable so as to minimize the movement artifacts; six normal rats were implanted with this kind of electrode arrays,and the stability of STN single-unit recording was evaluated in the following 5 weeks. Results Twenty-seven firing units were captured during operation,of which 70.4％ (19/27) survived more than 2 d,and 9 new units were acquired within 5 weeks.No significant linear correlation of peak-to-peak amplitude was noted between each 2 different recording sections (Pearson r=-0.047,P=0.655),and whilst signal-to-noise ratio was stable with significant correlation to peak-to-peak amplitude (r=0.934,P=0.000).More than half of the initial acquired STN units retained more than 3 weeks. And there were more than 75％ r values of waveform similarities large than 0.90 of the same units across different periods. Conclusion This methodology may be appreciated for STN long-term single-unit recording with stable recording quality and favorable cell retained rate.
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Objective To develop a three-dimensional visual neurosurgical tool enjoying simple,fast and accurate characteristics at moderate cost for visual positioning and imaging information storage and processing. Methods Seven patients with epidural hematoma or depressed fracture resulted from severe craniocerebral trauma, 8 patients with hypophysoma, 5 with glioma and 3 with meningeoma were chosen in our study; CT three-dimensional reconstruction of their imaging data were performed and used for preoperative planning before surgery assisted by neurosurgical station.According to CT three-dimensional reconstruction results, appropriate neurosurgical approach was planned and patients were treated by surgery. Results Neurosurgical station performed three-dimensional reconstruction could show three-dimensional quantitative relationship between the above lesions and anatomical landmarks directly,which could help direct positioning and designing the best-individualized approach to improve the surgical accuracy and efficacy. Neurosurgical station could improve the efficiency of scientific research and clinical work by managing,storing,editing and using the imaging and video of the patients. Conclusion Neurosurgical station, which can show three-dimensional quantitative relationship between the above lesions and anatomical landmarks directly, is a simple, fast and accurate preoperative planning and information processing tool for clinical neurosurgical practice.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the biological features of human decidua basalis-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDB-MSCs) in vitro and identify their capacity of multilineage differentiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PDB-MSCs were harvested from the decidua basalis of term placental by enzymatic digestion and density gradient centrifugation, and the growth characteristics and morphological changes of the MSCs were observed by inverted microscope. The proliferative ability of the cells was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8. The cell cycle and expressions of the surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD34, CD45, and CD14) of the MSCs were identified by flow cytometry. Multilineage differentiation capacity of the cells was tested by inducing their differentiation toward osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MSCs isolated from human decidua basalis of term placental exhibited a morphology similar to that of bone marrow-derived MSCs, and grew into colonies in in vitro culture, where the cells proliferated rapidly after passage with a cell doubling time of 2.21∓0.21 days. More than 70% of the cells stayed in the resting stage (G(0)/G(1)) and showed positivity for CD29, CD44, CD73 and CD90, but not for CD14, CD34 or CD45. After induction, the cells showed positive results of alizarin red staining, oil red O staining and Alcian blue staining.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Human decidua basalis contains a rich source of MSCs, which can be easily isolated and cultured without affecting their capacity of multilineage differentiation. The PDB-MSCs may have the potential as a novel source of stem cells.</p>
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Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Cell Differentiation , Physiology , Cell Separation , Cells, Cultured , Decidua , Cell Biology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Cell Biology , Multipotent Stem Cells , Cell Biology , Placenta , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the methods of isolation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in Wharton' s jelly and the differentiation of MSCs into dopaminergic neurons. Methods The umbilical cord mesenchymal tissue was scraped off from the Wharton's jelly,and then, collagenase Ⅳ was employed to isolate the MSCs. The isolated cells were primarily cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% FBS. Inverted microscopy was used to observe the cytomorphology, and flow cytometry was employed to detect the cell surface antigens and the cell cycle.We evaluated the cell viability using CCK8 kit. Two-step method was employed to induce the MSCs of the P3 generation to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons, and immunocytochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) 3, 6 and 9 d after the induction. Results The isolated MSCs showed fibroblast-like shape, with parallel arrangement and vortex-like growth. MSCs of the P3 generation expressed CD73, CD29, CD44and CD105, but did not express CD34, CD45, CD106 and HLA-DR. The doubling time in the exponential phase was at the 48th h of culture, and 91.13% cells were under G0-G1. These cells had similar morphology of the neurons. The immunocytochemical assay showed that the NSE and TH positive rates were 19.5% and 8.9% on the 9th d of induction; and Western blotting showed that MSCs obviously expressed NSE and weakly expressed TH.Conclusion MSCs can be isolated from the umbilical cord mesenchymal tissue, and be induced to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in vitro.
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Objective To develop a simple, fast and accurate preoperative planning method for endoscopic surgery of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).Methods Eighteen patients with HICH, admitted to our hospital from June 2008 to August 2010, were performed endoscopic minimally invasive surgery; CT three-dimensional reconstruction was employed to locate the intracerebral hematoma and select the appropriate endoscopic approach before the endoscopic surgery.The clinical data and treatmem efficacy were analyzed.Results According to the results of CT three-dimensional reconstruction, our neurosurgeons could design the best endoscopic approach; the three-dimensional relationship between intracerebral hematoma and scalp markers was shown directly and accurate positioning of the location of drilling was achieved; therefore, the time for preoperative preparation, anesthesia and operation was shortened. The mean operating time of these 18 patients was about 1.5 h; the volume of blood loss was only 30-40 mL; and the evacuation ratio was about 89.2%.After the elimination of hematoma, the brain tissues were flabby, so decompressive craniectomy was not needed. Conclusion CT three-dimensional reconstruction is a simple, fast and accurate preoperative planning method for endoscopic surgery of patients with HICH.
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Objective To evaluate the value of 3.0T susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SWI) in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular malformations. Methods Forty-six patients with cerebrovascular malformations, admitted to our hospital fiom May 2008 to December 2010, were examined with a 3.0T MR scanner. All patients were examined with MRI conventional sequences T1WI,T2WI, 3DTOF, and their results were compared with SWI sequence so as to evaluate the value of SWI in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular malformations.Results Twenty-five patients had arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 10 with cavernous hemangioma, 8 with venous malformations, and 3 with telangiectasis in the 46 patients with cerebrovascular malformations. SWI could delineate all the cerebrovascular malformation lesions, especially small lesions, but could not display all supplying artery in AVM. 3DTOF was a better technique in delineating large AVM lesions. Conclusion SWI is much more sensitive in showing small cerebrovascular malformations; and combined with other MR sequences,clear diagnosis of cerebral vascular malformations can be made by SWI.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the eukaryotic expression vector pDsRed2-N1-SDF-1alpha and observe its expression in the mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SDF-1alpha gene sequence with XhoI, EcoRI restriction enzyme cutting site was amplified from the total RNA of mouse smooth muscle cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pDsRed2-N1 encoding red fluorescent protein gene, and the insertion was verified by endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing. Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells identified with immunofluorescence assay for vimentin expression were transfected with the constructed plasmid pDsRed2-N1-SDF-1alpha, and the expression of sdf-1alpha was detected using immunofluorescence assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The DNA fragment amplified by PCR from the total RNA was identical to SDF-1alpha from the gene library, and an identical DNA fragment was also amplified from the recombinants. Sequence analysis confirmed the successful insertion of SDF-1alpha into the pDsRed2-N1 vector and the eukaryotic expression vector pDsRed2-N1-SDF-1alpha was successfully constructed. The cultured mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells positive for vimentin protein showed SDF-1alpha expression 24 h after transfection with the recombinant vector.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pDsRed2-N1-SDF-1alpha eukaryotic expression vector constructed is capable of expression of SDF-1alpha fusion protein in the mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.</p>
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Animals , Female , Mice , Bone Marrow Cells , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Chemokine CXCL12 , Genetics , Genetic Vectors , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Recombinant Fusion Proteins , Genetics , TransfectionABSTRACT
Objective To develop a minimally invasive operating technique for the treatment of hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage. Methods The clinical data of 15 patients with hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage performed neuroendoscope-assisted micro-invasive surgical treatment in our hospitals from July 2007 to June 2010 were retrospectively analyzed; their treatment efficacy were also concluded. Results The mean operation time of these patients was (1.5±0.4) h and the amount of blood loss was 30-40 mL; the mean clearance rate of hematoma in the thalamus was (86.2 ±7.9)percentage. Patients were followed up and evaluated by Glasgow outcome scale for at least 3 months.Three patients (21.4%) showed good recovery, 4 (28.6%) moderate disability, 4(28.6%) severe disability and 2 (14.3%) vegetative survival; 1 patient (7.1%) died. Conclusion Neuroendoscope-assisted micro-invasive surgical treatment is a fast and minimally invasive operating technique with little blood loss in the treatment of hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage.
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<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate whether mitochondrial calcium uniporter participates in the cardioprotection of remote preconditioning in rat hearts subjected to ischemia and reperfusion in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia (occlusion of left anterior descending artery) and 120 min reperfusion in vivo. Remote preconditioning was induced by three cycles of 5 min of right femoral artery occlusion followed by 5 min of reperfusion. The mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, infarct size, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in plasma during reperfusion were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Remote preconditioning reduced both the infarct size and LDH release during reperfusion. Ruthenium red, an inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium uniporter, also decreased both the infarct size and LDH release. Administration of spermine, an activator of mitochondrial calcium uniporter, canceled the reduction of infarct size and LDH release induced by remote preconditioning.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results indicate that remote preconditioning protects myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion injury, that effect may be related to inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uniporter opening.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Calcium Channels , Physiology , Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial , Methods , Mitochondria, Heart , Physiology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in the cardioprotection by remote preconditioning (RPC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Remote Precondition (RPC) was induced in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats by three cycles of 5 min of right femoral artery occlusion followed by 5 min of reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was achieved by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min and then reperfusion for 120 min. Infarct size was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining method. The level of lactate dehydragenase (LDH) in plasma and the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RPC significantly decreased the infarct size and plasma lactate dehydrogenase level induced by I/R, and these effects were attenuated by atractyloside (Atr, 5 mg/kg), a MPTP activator. However, administration of cyclosporin A (CsA, 10 mg/kg), an inhibitor of MPTP, decreased the effect of I/R. In isolated ventricular myocytes loaded with calcein, RPC decreased the MPTP opening, and this effect was attenuated by Atr (20 micromol/L).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Inhibition of MPTP opening is involved in the cardioprotection by RPC.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Extremities , Ischemic Preconditioning , Methods , Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins , Physiology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the method for inducing OABAergic neurons from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and observe the effect of transplantation of these neurons in the treatment of parkinsonian rats. Methods ADSCs isolated from rat inguinal fat pads were digested with collagenase, cultured and passaged in vitro, from which neural stem cells were induced using the neural stem cell culture medium prepared by our institute and identified for the stem cell markers. The neural stem cells obtained were further induced using the GABAergic neuron culture medium. After identification for the marker GAD65, the GABAergic neurons or the neural stem cells were stereotaxically transplanted into the subthalamic nucleus of the Parkinsonian rats, and the behavioral changes of the rats were observed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the cell transplantation. Results The neural stem cells differentiated from the ADSCs expressed the stem cell markers including nestin and neuron-specific enolase. After the second induction, the cells were positive for GAD65 as identified by immunofluorescence staining. Four weeks after transplantation of the neural stem cells and GABAergic neurons into the subthalamic nucleus, the parkinsonian rats exhibited significantly improved rotational behavior induced by apomorphine, and the improvement was especially obvious in rats with GABAergic cell transplantation. Conclusion GABAergic neurons can be induced from the rat ADSCs and transplantation of these neurons into the subthalamic nucleus can produce obvious behavioral improvement in rat models of Parkinson disease.
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Objective To establish a method for precise localization of the boundaries of the glial scars in chronic spinal cord injury for their complete resection to provide the experimental basis for neural stem cell transplantation studies. Methods Chronic spinal cord injury was induced in beagl edogs via partial transections of the thoracic segment of the spinal cord. Three months after the operation, with the posterior-medial midpoint of the inferior edge of the first vertebral plate above the bony window defined as the point-of-origin of a 3-dimensional space, the distances from the superior and inferior margins of the injured spinal segment to the point-of-origin were measured on anteroposterior magneti cresonance images (MRI). B-mode ultrasound was used to detect the signal variations in the spinal cord .Immunohistochemistry was performed on the longitudinal sections of the spinal cord for microscopi cmeasurement of the glial fiber lengths in comparison with the length determined by MRl. Results MRI defined a greater length (14.7±0.94 mm) of glial scars with abnormal signals than the actually injured length (10 mm). Ultrasound detected obvious signal changes in the injured spinal cord with distinct boundaries of the injuries. The glial scar length in the spinal cord defined pathologically (18.6± 1.19 mm) exceeded that defined by anteroposterior MRI scanning. Conclusions Anteroposterior MRI scanning combined with stereotactic localization allows approximate determination of the glial scar boundary in the injured spinal cord, and the discrepancies can be adjusted according to the result of pathological measurements. Ultrasonic inspection helps detect the residue scar tissues aRer surgica lresection to ensure complete glial scar resection.
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Objective To identify the risk factors of delayed cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods The clinical data of 74 patients with SAH were retrospectively analyzed. The severity of delayed cerebral vasospasm in these patients was assessed according to the findings by digital subtraction angiography, and the risk factors for delayed cerebral vasospasm following SAH were analyzed. Results The patients' age, number of SAH episode, histor yof smoking, Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher grade and peak white blood cell count were found to significantl ycorrelated to the occurrence of delayed cerebral vasospasm. Among these factors, the patients' age, number of SAH, Hunt-Hess grade, and Fisher grade were identified as the independent risk factors of delayed cerebral vasospasm. Conclusions Patients with younger age, SAH more than twice, and Hunt-Hess or Fisher grades over Ⅲ are at higher risk of delayed cerebral vasospasm. Close monitoring fo rearly detection of delayed cerebral vasospasm and timely management are crucial in these patients.
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Objective To investigate the effect ofurapidil in lowering the brain temperature in hot and humid environment. Methods Ninety soldiers stationed in Chinese Nansha Islands were divided into veteran group, untreated new recruit group and new recruit group with urapidil (tablet) treatment. All the soldiers were asked to complete a running exercise for 3000 m within 20 min in hot and humid environment, and their body temperature before and after the exercise was measured to evaluate the brain temperature changes. Results Before the running exercise, no significant differences was found in the body temperature among the 3 groups. The body temperature of the soldiers showed significant differences after the exercise, and the untreated new recruit had the most obvious elevation of the body temperature, whereas those with urapidil treatment showed the least elevation. Conclusion Veterans and new recruit show different tolerance and adaptability to hot and humid environment, and urapidil tablets can help reduce brain temperature increment induced by hot and humid environment.