ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Yiqi huayu granules on gastrointestinal motility of gastrointestinal motili-ty disorder model mice and blood rheology of acute blood stasis model rats,and to provide experimental evidence for clinical use of it. METHODS:50 ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,mosapride group(positive control chemi-cal drug,0.003 g/kg),Muxiang shunqi pills group(positive control TCM,0.36 g/kg)and Yiqi huayu granules group(2.4 g/kg), with 10 mice in each group. Treatment groups were given relevant medicine solution intragastrically,once a day,for a week;nor-mal group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically. Those groups fasted for 24 h after last medication,and then were given above medicine intragastrically;1 h later,they were given atropine sulfate intragastrically to induce gastrointestinal mo-tility disorder model except for normal control group. The stomach residue rate and intestinal propulsive rate of mice were mea-sured. 60 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Compound danshen tablet group(positive control,1.0 g/kg)and Yiqi huayu granules high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups(2.4,1.2,0.6 g/kg),with 10 rats in each group. Nor-mal group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically,and treatment groups were given relevant medicine,once a day,for a week. 1 h after last medication,those groups were given adrenaline intraperitoneally+aqua astricta. to induce acute blood stasis model except for normal group. The whole blood viscosity(high-shearing,middle-shearing,low-shearing),plasma viscosity, 1,3,5 min platelet aggregation rate ,hematocrit and maximal platelet aggregation rate were all detected in rats. RESULTS:Com-pared with normal group,stomach residue rate of mice in model group was increased significantly(P<0.01),while intestinal pro-pulsive rate was decreased significantly(P<0.01). The whole blood viscosity(high-shearing,middle-shearing,low-shearing),plas-ma viscosity,hematocrit,1,3,5 min platelet aggregation rate and maximal platelet aggregation rate of rats were all increased sig-nificantly in model group (P<0.01). Compared with model group,above indexes of mice/rats were all improved significantly in treatment groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Yiqi huayu granules can significantly promote the function of gastrointes-tinal peristalsis and anticoagulation.
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Objective To explore the expressions of miR-221 and miR-222 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC),and relativi-ties with clinical pathological features.Methods Samples from patients of PCT (43 cases),nodular golter(21 cases),and para-carcinoma thyroid tissues(14 cases),78 cases in total (from 06/2015 to 05/2016,Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital) were collected.Real time-PCR tests were carried out,then analyzed in relation to clinical pathology features,and statistical a-nalysis was used to evaluate the results.Results The expressions of miR-221 and miR-222 were significantly higher in PTC (11.54±3.37,10.67±2.45)than in nodular golter (3.21±1.12,2.89±1.23)and normal thyroid tissue (2.02±0.76, 1.98±0.34)(t=3.62,3.25;3.27,3.01,all P0.05),and no differences were found in nodular golter and in normal thyroid tissue (t=0.91, 0.79,P>0.05).Conclusion miR-221 and miR-222 could be considered as a specific molecular marker of PTC,may play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment on PTC.
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A total of 30 cats were used in this experiment.The nucleus raphe magnus wasinjected with 0.1～0.3?l of 25～50% HRP solution(RZ:2.4～3.1).Two or three daysafter operation,the animals were killed and then perfused with the fixing fluid.Thebrainstem and spinal cord were sectioned serially on a freezing microtome and treatedaccording to the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase.Parts of the sections were counterstained with toloidine-blue.The labelled neuronswere examined microscopically under bright-field and dark-field illumination Thelabelled neurons were distributed as follows.After injections of nucleus raphe magnus,a few labelled neurons were foundin the medial part of parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus.A greater numbers oflabelled cells were consistently found in the ventrolateral area of the central greymatter of the midbrain.The dorsal nucleus of the midbrain raphe had a few labelled neurons.The HRPpositive neurons were found in the nucleus Darkschewitsch,mesencephalic reticularformation,nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis,nucleus reticularis paramedianus,nucleus vestibularis medialis and nucleus vestibularis lateralis.In some cases a fewlabelled cells were also seen in the posterior area of hypothalamus,nucleus posteriorcommissure,nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis,superior collicus,nucleus annularis,reticularformation of the pons,nucleus nervi facialis and nucleus gracilis.In summary,the present studies show that the afferent connections of nucleusraphe magnus are widely concerned with the structures of the pain control.Itsuggests that the nucleus raphe magnus is an important relay station for pain control.
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Substance P-like immunoreactive (SP-li) cell bodies and processes and their synaptic relations with other neural elements in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) of rats were studied by electron microscope. The results showed that SP-li neurons are fusiform, oval and multipolar cells which distribute evenly over the nucleus. Immunostaining was present in the cytoplasmic matrix and membranes of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles. Both unmyelinated and myelinated SP-li axons are found in the NRM. SP-li dendrites are numerous in the NRM. SP-li dendrites and somata are contacted by a variety of round, flat and granular vesicle-containing terminals. A central SP-li dendrite receivie convergent inputs from unlabelled axonal boutons is frequently seen in the NRM. SP-li terminals are presynaptic to the unlabelled dendrites, also some SP-li terminals are apposed or presynaptic to SP-li dendrites. Axo-axonic (SP-li) synapses were found in the NRM. The unlabelled presynaptic boutons contain clear round vesicles or mixed with granular vesicles. A central SP-li terminalis contacted by several unlabelled terminals is also found in the NRM.
ABSTRACT
Serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) of the rat were identified by light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry methods. Serotoninlike immunoreactive (5-HT-li) neurous were large multipolar and fusiform cells which mainly located in the ventrocaudal part of the NRM. With electron microscopic immunocytochemistry the following findings were revealed: 1. Immunostaining was present in the cytoplasmic matrix, outer membrane of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular bodies and vesicles. Some nuclei of the cells were stained. 2.5-HT-li somata, dendrites and axons were postsynaptic to numerous unlabeled terminals which contained clear round vesicles (20-30 nm) or mixed with small granular vesicles (40-70 nm), large granular vesicles (90-110 nm) and flat clear vesicles. 3. The 5-HT-li axons were unmyelinated fibers, and the 5-HT-li axon terminals were scarce in the NRM. 4.5-HT-li axon terminals and dendrites abutting on capillaries and 5-HT-li dendrite-glial direct appositions were found in the NRM.These results revealed the ultrastructural characteristics of 5-HT-li neuron in the NRM. The variety of unlabeled terminals making contact with 5-HT-li somata and dendrites suggests that several neuronal system with possibly different transmitters may regulate 5-HT raphe-spinal neurons which may play integrative role in the NRM. Tae relationship between 5-HT neuron and the significance of the local microcirculation and the relationship between 5-HT neurons and glia cells were also discussed in the present paper.