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The purpose of the present work is to establish an ultra-minimal invasive percutaneous puncture inoculation method for a VX2 orthotopic lung cancer rabbit model with fewer technical difficulties, lower mortality of rabbits, a higher success rate and a shorter operation time, to evaluate the growth, metastasis and apoptosis of tumor by CT scans, necropsy, histological examination, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The average inoculation time was 10–15 min per rabbit. The tumor-bearing rate was 100%. More than 90% of the tumor-bearing rabbits showed local solitary tumor with 2–10 mm diameters after two weeks post-inoculation, and the rate of chest seeding was only 8.3% (2/24). The tumors diameters increased to 4–16 mm, and irregularly short thorns were observed 3 weeks after inoculation. Five weeks post-inoculation, the liquefaction necrosis and a cavity developed, and the size of tumor grew further. Before natural death, the CT images showed that the tumors spread to the chest. The flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry indicated that there was less apoptosis in VX2 orthotopic lung cancer rabbit model compared to chemotherapy drug treatment group. Minimal invasive percutaneous puncture inoculation is an easy, fast and accurate method to establish the VX2 orthotopic lung cancer rabbit model, an ideal in situ tumor model similar to human malignant tumor growth.
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Humans , Rabbits , Apoptosis , Drug Therapy , Flow Cytometry , Immunohistochemistry , Lung Neoplasms , Lung , Methods , Mortality , Necrosis , Neoplasm Metastasis , Punctures , Thorax , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Objective To explore the diagnostic value of MRI in female non-genital origin masses in pelvis.Methods The MRI features of female non-genital origin masses confirmed by surgery pathology in 15 patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results Preoperative MRI showed that 10 masses were mixed type,3 masses were solid,and other 2 masses were cystic,5 masess were mis-diagnosed as genital origin tumors.Pathological results revealed the masses in 6 patients from digestive system,5 from abdominal and retroperitoneal tumor,and other 4 from other tumors,including small intestine stromal tumors in 4 patients,sigmoid colon ade-nocarcinoma in 1,mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix in 1 patients,mesenteric liposarcoma in 1 schwannomas in 2,retroperitoneal fibromatosis in 1,hibernoma in 1,gossypiboma in 2,lymphatic cyst in 1,and lymphoma in 1.Conclusion Female non-genital origin masses in pelvis are easily misdiagnosed as ovarian tumor before operation,and other clinical features should be paid attention in or-der to reduce misdiagnosis.
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Objective To study the medical imaging findings and the pathological features of hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (HIMT) using CT,MRI and histopathology.Methods The CT and MRI findings of 31 patients with HIMT which were confirmed by histopathology on surgically resected specimen were analyzed retrospectively.The location,size,shape,edge,density or signal,and contrast enhancement of these tumors were analyzed.Results The tumors were located in the right liver in 26 patients,in the left liver in 5 patients,and under the hepatic capsule in 27 patients.The tumors were solitary in 28 patients and multiple in 3 patients.The maximum diameter of the tumor ranged from 2.1 cm to 12.5 cm.The average diameter was (3.6 ± 1.2) cm.The tumors were round or oval in 21 patients and irregular in 10 patients.19 patients underwent CT examination and all tumors showed low density,with a CT value which ranged from 5 to 35HU.The average value was (27.6 ±5.3) HU.The density of tumors was homogeneous in 6 patients and inhomogeneous in 13 patients,and among these 13 patients,3 were alveolate.Twenty-one patients underwent MRI scan and all showed a low signal on T1WI,12 patients showed an equal signal and 9 patients showed a slightly higher signal on T2WI.In 6 patients the signals were homogeneous and in 15 patients they were inhomogeneous.On CT and MRI enhanced scans the whole tumor was enhanced in 12 patients,the edge was enhanced in 9 patients,the septum was enhanced in 8 patients and no enhancement was observed in 2 patients.Pathological examination under microscopy observed the presence of proliferation of spindle cells,chronic inflammatory cells which included the proliferation of lymphocytes,plasma cells and collagen fiber formation.The spindle cells had the characteristics of fibroblasts and myofibroblast cells.Immunohistochemical examination showed the wave type protein (Vimentin) was positive in 23 patients,the smooth muscle actin (SMA) was positive in 18 patients,the muscle actin (MSA) and the specificity of junction protein (Desmin) were positive in 12 patients,CD68 was positive in 4 patients,and the ALK,S-100 protein,CDll7 and CD35 were all negative.Conclusions The radiological features of CT and MRI plain scan varied.The patterns of contrast enhancement included full tumor filling,marginal enhancement,compartment enhancement,and no enhancement.The enhanced features varied from mild to moderate enhancement in the arterial phase,further enhancement in the portal phase and mild enhancement in the delayed phase.
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Objective To study the medical imaging findings and the pathological features of hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (HIMT) using CT,MRI and histopathology.Methods The CT and MRI findings of 31 patients with HIMT which were confirmed by histopathology on surgically resected specimen were analyzed retrospectively.The location,size,shape,edge,density or signal,and contrast enhancement of these tumors were analyzed.Results The tumors were located in the right liver in 26 patients,in the left liver in 5 patients,and under the hepatic capsule in 27 patients.The tumors were solitary in 28 patients and multiple in 3 patients.The maximum diameter of the tumor ranged from 2.1 cm to 12.5 cm.The average diameter was (3.6 ± 1.2) cm.The tumors were round or oval in 21 patients and irregular in 10 patients.19 patients underwent CT examination and all tumors showed low density,with a CT value which ranged from 5 to 35HU.The average value was (27.6 ±5.3) HU.The density of tumors was homogeneous in 6 patients and inhomogeneous in 13 patients,and among these 13 patients,3 were alveolate.Twenty-one patients underwent MRI scan and all showed a low signal on T1WI,12 patients showed an equal signal and 9 patients showed a slightly higher signal on T2WI.In 6 patients the signals were homogeneous and in 15 patients they were inhomogeneous.On CT and MRI enhanced scans the whole tumor was enhanced in 12 patients,the edge was enhanced in 9 patients,the septum was enhanced in 8 patients and no enhancement was observed in 2 patients.Pathological examination under microscopy observed the presence of proliferation of spindle cells,chronic inflammatory cells which included the proliferation of lymphocytes,plasma cells and collagen fiber formation.The spindle cells had the characteristics of fibroblasts and myofibroblast cells.Immunohistochemical examination showed the wave type protein (Vimentin) was positive in 23 patients,the smooth muscle actin (SMA) was positive in 18 patients,the muscle actin (MSA) and the specificity of junction protein (Desmin) were positive in 12 patients,CD68 was positive in 4 patients,and the ALK,S-100 protein,CDll7 and CD35 were all negative.Conclusions The radiological features of CT and MRI plain scan varied.The patterns of contrast enhancement included full tumor filling,marginal enhancement,compartment enhancement,and no enhancement.The enhanced features varied from mild to moderate enhancement in the arterial phase,further enhancement in the portal phase and mild enhancement in the delayed phase.
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Objective To investigate the CT features of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PHNEC).Methods The CT findings of 8 patients with PHNEC which was confirmed by surgery and histopathology were analyzed retrospectively.Tumor location,size,shape,margin,density,enhancement patterns and degree,portal vein tumor thrombus,hilar and retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement were studied retrospectively.Results Of 8 patients,there were 5 tumors which were located in the right liver,1 in the left liver,and the remaining 2 in both the left and right livers.The CT value of the mass on plain scanning ranged from 20 to 35 HU.The mean value of CT was (29.6 ± 8.4) HU.Tumors showed low density in 5 patients and slightly lower density in 3.In 5 tumors the boundary was clear and in 3 it was not clear.Uneven mass density and different sizes of necrotic cysts were found in 8 tumors.In one of these tumors,the inside showed honey-comb appearance while small areas of haemorrhage were found in the tumor of another 2 patients.For all the eight patients,there were dilatation of peripheral bile ducts,portal vein tumor thrombus,enlarged lymph nodes or peritoneal effusion in hepatic portal area and peritoneal cavity.In the arterial phase,there was mild to moderate enhancement of the mass with CT value of 38 ～ 65 HU.The average value of CT was (54.8 ± 6.9) HU.In the venous phase,there was mild to moderate continuous enhancement of liver parenchyma,with CT value of 40 ～67 HU.The average value of CT was (61.4 ± 11.6) HU.In the delay phase,a substantial part of the mass was continuously enhanced in 2 patients while there was slow fading of enhancement in 6 patients.The CT value were 36 ～ 57 HU,the average value of CT was (46.6 ± 9.2) HU.In 3 patients,the separations inside the tumor showed enhancement.Conclusion CT features combined with clinical findings might give a hint to the diagnosis of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of liver.
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Objective To compare the value of syngo RESOLVE DWI and conventional full field-of-view (f -FOV)DWI in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors with 3.0T MRI scanner.Methods 21 consecutive patients with ovarian tumors confirmed by operation and pathology were selected.All patients underwent routine MRI plain scanning,RESOLVE DWI and f -FOV DWI with a 3.0T MRI scanner.ADC values measured the RESOLVE and the traditional DWI images of ovarian tumors,used the method of four points by two imaging diagnostic doctors to image the display effect of ovarian tumor in subjective ratings.SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The subjective score of tumors ovarian showing of RESOLVE DWI was (3.62 ±0.44)points,which of f -FOV DWI was (2.93 ±0.51)points,there was statistically significant difference(Z =-3.787,P 0.05).Conclusion In ovarian tumor MRI DWI examination,compared with f -FOV DWI,RESOLVE DWI can obtain higher space resolution,higher image quality,and obtain accurate quantitative parameter values.
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Objective To investigate the features and diagnostic value of MRI in prenatal and postpartum for placenta accreta. Methods 18 cases of placenta accreta confirmed by surgical pathologically and clinical were retrospectively analyzed,including 10 ca-ses of prenatal and postpartum 8 cases,observed the signal feature and diagnostic value of MRI images.Results In the 10 cases of prenatal patients with placenta accreta,MRI manifestations of 9 cases of placenta prevail,totally or partly covering cervical,10 cases of partial placenta and uterine muscle gap disappeared,boundaries are not clear,2 cases of uterine wall bars low signal-image inter-rupted,bulging outward placenta,increased sub placental vascular wag detected in 8 patients;8 cases of postpartum patients with pla-centa accrete,MRI show 4 examples which were mixed signals within the uterine cavity,with the junctional zone boundaries were not clear,the junctional zone was discontinuous interruption in 7 cases,8 cases of muscular layer appear oval,high and low,patchy mixed signals in shadow,4 cases in the palace district,5 cases of invading the shallow layer,3 cases of infection and deep muscle layers. Conclusion MRI technique is of great value for diagnosis of placenta accreta.
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PurposeTo probe into the feasibility of small field of view intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI in the grading of cervical cancer before surgery.Materials and Methods Twenty-three patients with cervical cancer confirmed pathologically underwent preoperative conventional MRI and IVIM sequence scan [IVIM sequence included 10 b value (0-1500 s/mm2)]. Based on postoperative pathological cell morphology the patients were divided into well differentiated group (10 cases) and moderately or poorly differentiated group (13 cases). Then the parameters such as the ADC standard, D value, D* value and f value were calculated in each group according to double exponential function analysis. The data in the two groups were compared and nonparametric test to see whether they had normal distribution.Results Compared with the well differentiated group, the moderately or poorly differentiated group had statistically lower ADC standard value and D value (t=140.5 and 129.5,P0.05).Conclusion Small field of view IVIM MRI is feasible in predicting the differentiation of tumor in the preoperative grading of cervical cancer.
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Objective To investigate CT features of pediatric mediastinal neuroblastoma.Methods The CT performance of pediatric mediastinal neuroblastoma confirmed by clinical and pathology in 17 cases were retrospectively analyzed.The tumor growth pattern,size,density,degree of enhancement,invasion to the surrounding tissues and metastatic characteristics were observed,and the results were compared with pathological analysis.Results Among the 17 cases,2 were at the right posterior upper mediastinum,3 at posterior right middle and upper mediastinum,3 at the posterior right middle and lower mediastinum,1 at the posterior right lower mediastinum,3 at the posterior left middle mediastinum,3 at the posterior left middle and lower mediastinum,1 at the posterior left lower mediastinum,and 1 at bilateral posterior middle and lower mediastinum.The average tumor size was 6.3 ×4.3 cm,ranging from 2.3 ×2.0 cm ～ 12.6 ×4.0 cm.CT plain scan showed 8 cases with clear boundary and 9 case without clear boundary.13 cases were with inhomogeneous density and 4 cases with homogeneous density.8 calcification of grainy or strip was found in the tumor.10 cases were with pleural thickening and 5 cases with pleural effusion.6 cases were with tracheal or main bronchial compression,4 with cardiac compression,7 with pulmonary artery compression,and 1 with descending aorta compression were found.6 cases were with tumors crossing the midline,5 with intervertebral foramen growth,3 wrapped around the aorta,3 with rib attack damage,2 with rib compression deformation,2 with thoracic invasion,and 1 into the upper abdomen.10 cases were with mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement,10 with bone metastasis,4 with cervical lymph nodes enlargement,1 with liver metastasis,and 1 with cerebral metastasis.Enhanced CT scan was performed in 14 cases:11with inhomogeneous enhancement,and 3 with homogeneous enhancement.The average CT value of the 3 mild enhancement was 36 HU,ranging from 20 to 56 HU.The average CT value of the 8 moderate enhancement was 53 HU,ranging from 36 to74 HU.The average CT value of the 3 marked enhancement 72 HU,ranging from 56 to 88 HU.7 punctate vessels and 6 polycystic changes were found in the tumors.Conclusions Mediastinal neuroblastoma in children are with certain characteristics.CT findings with clinical manifestations can make a definite diagnosis.
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Objective To study the CT appearances of solitary fibrous tumors of pleura,in order to improve the knowledge of this diseases.Methods CT findings of solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura proved by pathology in 6 cases were retrospectively analysed with literatures review.Results 6 cases of solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura were all seen in the right thoracic cavity.The tumor was about 3 cm in maximum diameter in one case,and the other 5 cases,the tumors were over 9 cm in maximum diameter.On plain CT scans,all tumors were smooth at edge and with wide base connected to the pleura,the density of tumors were homogeneous in 4 cases,the CT values were 28~39 HU,in the other 2 cases,the tumors were unhomogeneous slightly with low density inside the tumors,CT value of the tumors were 12~40 HU.On contrast-enhanced CT scans in 4 cases,3 tumors showed moderated enhancement and distort vessels could be seen,the CT value were 44~52 HU,the lesions enhanced increasing 12 HU,1 case was obviously unhomogeneous enhancement,the lesions enhanced increasing 22~50 HU and "Pseudo-capsules" were demonstrated in 3 cases.Conclusion Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura has certain CT characteristics.
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Objective To analyse CT features of cystic expansile lesions of the jaw.Methods CT features of 23 cystic expansile lesions of the jaw in 22 patients were retrospectively studied,the configuration and structure of the lesions were observed.Results There were ondontogenic cysts(n=11)including radicular cyst(n=3),dentigerous cyst(n=4)and keratotic cyst(n=5),ameloblastomas(n=6),ondontogenic adenomatoid tumor(n=1),cemento-ossifying fibroma(n=2)and firbrous dysplasia(n=2).The ondontogenic cysts were mainly unilocular in shape with distinct sclerosing margin,most of them contained teeth.Ameloblastomas mainly appeared as multilocular or lobulated in shape and markedly expanded growth with disruption of the adjacent cortex;cemento-ossifying fibroma and fibrous dysplasia were mainly solid tumors,ossifying fibromas often associated with calcification.Conclusion Plain CT scan is of important value in diagnosing cystic expansile lesions of the jaw preoperatively.