ABSTRACT
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TBO) is a rare disease with unknown etiology characterized by ossifying nodules in the trachea and bronchial walls without involvement of the posterior wall of trachea. A 35-year-old woman admitted to Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, in August 2018 was diagnosed as TBO. She complained of dyspnea for over two years, worsening in autumn and winter, and was detected with tracheal ossification via bronchoscopy and biopsy. The patient received no special treatment, and no improvement or deterioration of symptoms was observed during the 3-month follow-up. We reviewed 60 TBO cases and found that 60％ of them were female, with ages of 20-80 (53.62±15.97) years. The involved lesion sites were from the vocal cords to the bronchial segments, mainly in the trachea and bilateral main trachea, and the lower part of the trachea was more common. Combined respiratory symptoms were common. The diagnosis mainly depends on bronchoscopy and biopsy. Symptomatic treatment is the main strategy for symptomatic TBO patients, including endoscopic intervention and surgery. It is generally believed that the short-term prognosis of TBO is good, but the long-term prognosis still needs to be further studied.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the factors associated with CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio normalization in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients after antiretroviral therapy (ART).@*Methods@#The data of 1 188 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients from the national ART reporting system in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2016 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The rate of CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio normalization after ART was calculated by lifetable. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the factors associated with CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte normalization in AIDS patients after ART. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison between groups.@*Results@#The follow-up time was 3.8 (1.0-10.8) years. CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio normalization was documented in 95 patients with the rate of 1.89 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval(CI) 1.52-2.27) after ART. The average time from ART to CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio normalized was 9.4 years. The cumulative normalization rate was 0.02 for the first year, 0.06 for the third year, 0.11 for the fifth year, 0.19 for the seventh year and 0.37 for the ninth year. By Cox proportional hazard models, the probability of CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio normalization in patients infected HIV by heterosexual contacts was 3.709 (95%CI 1.781-7.726) times higher than those by intravenous injection. The probability of CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio normalization in patients with baseline CD4+ T lymphocytes of 350-499 and more than 500 cell/μL groups were 2.792 (95%CI 1.196-6.519) and 3.832 (95%CI 1.648-8.913) times higher than those with baseline CD4+ T lymphocytes less than 200 cell/μL, respectively. The probability of normalization after ART in patients with higher baseline CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio was higher than those with baseline CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio≤ 0.20 (hazard ratio>1, all P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio normalization in AIDS patients after ART is associated with baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte counts, baseline CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio and HIV transmission mode.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the factors associated with CD 4 +／CD8 +T lymphocyte ratio normalization in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS) patients after antiretroviral therapy ( ART). Methods The data of 1 188 human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV)／AIDS patients from the national ART reporting system in Yuxi City , Yunnan Province between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2016 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.The rate of CD4 +／CD8 +T lymphocyte ratio normalization after ART was calculated by lifetable.Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the factors associated with CD 4+／CD8+T lymphocyte normalization in AIDS patients after ART.The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison between groups.Results The follow-up time was 3.8 (1.0 -10.8 ) years.CD4+／CD8+T lymphocyte ratio normalization was documented in 95 patients with the rate of 1.89 per 100 person-years (95%confidence interval (CI) 1.52-2.27) after ART.The average time from ART to CD4 +／CD8+T lymphocyte ratio normalized was 9.4 years.The cumulative normalization rate was 0.02 for the first year, 0.06 for the third year, 0.11 for the fifth year, 0.19 for the seventh year and 0.37 for the ninth year.By Cox proportional hazard models, the probability of CD4+／CD8 +T lymphocyte ratio normalization in patients infected HIV by heterosexual contacts was 3.709 (95%CI 1.781-7.726) times higher than those by intravenous injection.The probability of CD4 +／CD8 +T lymphocyte ratio normalization in patients with baseline CD 4+T lymphocytes of 350-499 and more than 500 cell／μL groups were 2.792 (95%CI 1.196-6.519) and 3.832 (95%CI 1.648-8.913) times higher than those with baseline CD 4 +T lymphocytes less than 200 cell／μL, respectively.The probability of normalization after ART in patients with higher baseline CD 4+／CD8+T lymphocyte ratio was higher than those with baseline CD 4 +／CD8+T lymphocyte ratio≤0.20 ( hazard ratio ＞1, all P＜0.01). Conclusion The CD4 +／CD8 +T lymphocyte ratio normalization in AIDS patients after ART is associated with baseline CD4+T lymphocyte counts, baseline CD4 +／CD8 +T lymphocyte ratio and HIV transmission mode.
ABSTRACT
Objective To comparatively analyze the HIV disease progression and the death situa-tion between injecting drug users (IDUs) with HIV infection and those with HIV/HCV co-infection.Meth-ods The counts of CD4+T cells were collected through a retrospective study and the data about death situa-tion were collected with follow-up cards from 2006 to 2014 .A statistical analysis was conducted for the two groups .Results Among the 175 cases with HIV infection , the average value of primary CD 4+T cell counts was 370 cell/μl and 25.71%of them, primary CD4+T cell counts were less than 200 cell/μl.The average change rate of CD4+T cell counts was -1.50 cell/μl in month.The annual mortality rate was 18.18%. Among the 325 cases with HIV/HCV co-infection, the average value of primary CD4+T cell counts was 420 cell/μl and 20.45%of them, primary CD4+T cell counts were less than 200 cell/μl.The average change rate of CD4+T cell counts was -2.76 cell/μl in month.The annual mortality rate was 32.14%.The differ-ences between the groups were significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with patients with HIV infec-tion, those with HIV/HCV co-infection showed significantly decreased CD 4+T cell counts , resulting in a faster disease progression and a faster death .It was urgent for the management department to work out HIV prevention and therapeutic measures .