ABSTRACT
<b>Objective: </b>Macrolide therapy has been recommended as an effective treatment for pediatric otolaryngology patients with conditions such as chronic sinusitis and otitis media with effusion. However, in many cases, a relapse may occur after cessation of treatment. Therefore, patients are compelled to continue taking antibiotics. In this paper, we examined the relationship between the duration of therapy and period to relapse on the basis of prescription information and literature research.<br><b>Methods: </b>To evaluate the therapeutic doses, we investigated the clinical doses of erythromycin and clarithromycin used for pediatric patients in a community pharmacy from January 2009 to July 2009. Further, we performed literature searches on the doses of both drugs using Igaku-Chuo-Zasshi databases (from 1983 to 2011) and compared the data obtained with the clinical doses. Accordingly, the oral doses of macrolides were classified as a low dose or normal dose. We analyzed the relationship between the administration period and the cessation period, which was defined as the period from the cessation of the treatment to relapse.<br><b>Results: </b>Review of the 17 selected reports and the clinical doses showed that the maximum dose of erythromycin was 15 mg/kg/day and that of clarithromycin was 8 mg/kg/day during therapy. When both cephem or penicillin antibiotics and low-dose macrolides were taken continuously during the administration period, a weak correlation was observed between the administration period and the cessation period.<br><b>Conclusion: </b>These results may be useful for the appropriate use of antibiotics and for preventing relapse in pediatric otolaryngology patients.