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Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of urodynamics in elderly male patients with indwelling urinary catheterization.Methods Clinical urodynamics of 497 male patients with indwelling urinary catheterization aged 60 years and over from December 2010 to April 2019 in our center were retrospectively analyzed and divided into 3 groups:60-69-year old group(n=114),70-79-year-old group (n =220),and 80-111-year-old group (n =163).According to the catheter indwelling time,the patients were divided into 3 groups:1-2 weeks group(n=262),2 4 weeks group(n=47)and over 4 weeks group (n =188).The cause of indwelling urinary catheterization,bladder outlet obstruction,acontractile detrusor and other indicators were observed.Results The main cause of indwelling urinary catheterization in elderly men was acute urinary retention(55.1％,274 cases),in that the most common diagnosis was benign prostatic hyperplasia(90.3％,449 cases).No statistically significant difference in the different catheter indwelling time related urodynamics between the different age groups was found(x2 =1.606,0.199 and 2.477,all P＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences both in the incidences of bladder outlet obstruction between the 1-2 weeks vs.2-4 weeks vs.over 4 weeks groups [56.9％ (149/262) vs.55.3％ (26/47) vs.42.6％ (80/188),x2=9.315,P＜0.05)],and in the incidences of acontractile detrusor between the 1-2 weeks vs.2-4 weeks vs.over 4 weeks groups[15.6％ (41/262)vs.12.8％(6/47)vs.29.8％ (56/188),x2 =15.319,all P＜ 0.05)].There was no statistically significant difference in catheter indwelling time-related urodynamics between two groups with normal detrusor muscle function and weak detrusor muscle function(P＞0.05).Clinical urodynamics had no statistically significant in different age groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Bladder outlet obstruction is the main cause of indwelling urinary catheterization in elderly men.Urodynamic examination can be performed 1-2 weeks after indwelling urinary catheterization.Age has no significant effect on the catheter indwelling time-related urodynamics.The duration of indwelling urinary catheterization has little effect on the urodynamic diagnosis in patients with normal or weak detrusor muscle contractile strength.The elderly patients may have acontractile detrusor if the duration of indwelling urinary catheterization is more than 4 weeks.
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Objective@#To investigate clinical characteristics of urodynamics in elderly male patients with indwelling urinary catheterization.@*Methods@#Clinical urodynamics of 497 male patients with indwelling urinary catheterization aged 60 years and over from December 2010 to April 2019 in our center were retrospectively analyzed and divided into 3 groups: 60-69-year-old group(n=114), 70-79-year-old group(n=220), and 80-111-year-old group(n=163). According to the catheter indwelling time, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1-2 weeks group(n=262), 2-4 weeks group(n=47)and over 4 weeks group(n=188). The cause of indwelling urinary catheterization, bladder outlet obstruction, acontractile detrusor and other indicators were observed.@*Results@#The main cause of indwelling urinary catheterization in elderly men was acute urinary retention(55.1%, 274 cases), in that the most common diagnosis was benign prostatic hyperplasia(90.3%, 449 cases). No statistically significant difference in the different catheter indwelling time-related urodynamics between the different age groups was found(χ2=1.606, 0.199 and 2.477, all P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences both in the incidences of bladder outlet obstruction between the 1-2 weeks vs.2-4 weeks vs.over 4 weeks groups[56.9%(149/262)vs.55.3%(26/47) vs.42.6%(80/188), χ2=9.315, P<0.05)], and in the incidences of acontractile detrusor between the 1-2 weeks vs.2-4 weeks vs.over 4 weeks groups[15.6%(41/262)vs.12.8%(6/47)vs.29.8%(56/188), χ2=15.319, all P<0.05)]. There was no statistically significant difference in catheter indwelling time-related urodynamics between two groups with normal detrusor muscle function and weak detrusor muscle function(P>0.05). Clinical urodynamics had no statistically significant in different age groups(P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#Bladder outlet obstruction is the main cause of indwelling urinary catheterization in elderly men.Urodynamic examination can be performed 1-2 weeks after indwelling urinary catheterization.Age has no significant effect on the catheter indwelling time-related urodynamics.The duration of indwelling urinary catheterization has little effect on the urodynamic diagnosis in patients with normal or weak detrusor muscle contractile strength.The elderly patients may have acontractile detrusor if the duration of indwelling urinary catheterization is more than 4 weeks.
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Objective To formulate paclitaxel loaded polymer nanoparticle and evaluate it's application in treatment of bladder.Methods Paclitaxel loaded Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles were formulated with microemulsion method,Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) was used as surfactant.Transferrin (Tf) was used to modify the nanoparticles.The size,Z-potential,drug loading,drug release,cytotoxicity of bland nanoparticles and paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles on bladder cancer cell line J-82 were measured.Results The size of nanoparticles was about 200 nm,Z-potential was-24 mV,drug loading was about 6.5％ (w/w),cumulative drug release showed two phase curve.The size of Tf modified nanoparticles was a little bigger than no modified nanoparticles.The Z-potential,drug loading,drug release was similar.Two kinds of blank nanoparticles showed no cytotoxicity on bladder cancer cell line J-82.However,both paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles had significantly higher cytotoxicity on J-82 compared to paclitaxel solution.Conclusions PLGA nanoparticle is a promising drug delivery vehicle,which could significantly improve the anticancer effect of paclitaxel on bladder cancer.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of pregnancy and delivery after renal transplantation (RT)on recipients,graft and offspring.Methods Clinical data of 6 pregnancies in 5 recipients were retrospectively studied and literature was reviewed.Results Among them,6 pregnancies and 4 deliveries occurred in 5 female RT recipients.The mean age at pregnancy was 31.1 years,with a mean interval between RT and pregnancy being 3.6 years.Preeclampsia developed in two pregnancies and hyperlipemia in one pregnancy.One RT recipient who discontinued immunosuppressant following pregnancy on her own exhibited subsequent renal failure.She underwent a second RT and delivered a healthy baby two years following the second RT.One RT recipient decreased the immunosuppressant dose to half after the pregnancy on her own and developed renal failure thereafter.Four patients underwent a Cesarean section at 38 th,35 th,35 th,and 38 th week,respectively.The mean birth weight was 3262.5 g with all Apgar scores of 10.Conclusion Our data coupled with prior reports suggest that for the recipients with normal renal function,successful pregnancy is achievable if immunosuppressant was taken correctly,but the pregnancy is at high risk,and careful monitoring is needed.
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Objective To compare the safety and clinical efficiency between minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL)in supine position and flexible ureteroscopy(FURS)in management of proximal ureteral calculi.Methods From Oct.2010 to May.2012,76 patients with single proximal ureteral calculus between 10-20 mm failed in SWL or other conservative therapy accepted MPCNL (32 cases)or FURS(44 cases).There was no significant difference between the groups in base-line parameters.Stone sizes were(15.6±2.5)mm and(14.9±2.3)mm,P＞0.05.Procedural time,post-operative hospitalization stay,complication rates(Clavien degree Ⅱ or over)and stone free rates were compared.Results In these two groups,procedural time was(49.3± 11.7)and(67.2± 17.3)min,P＜0.05,postoperative hospitalization stay were(4.2±1.1)and(1.8±0.8)days,P＜0.05,complication rates were 12.5％ and 6.8％,P＞0.05 and stone free rates(residual fragments≤3 mm)were 93.7％ and 84.1％,P＞0.05.Conclusions For patients with surgically indicated proximal ureteral calculi,both minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy in supine position and flexible ureteroscopy are effective and safe therapeutic modalities.Patients treated with flexible ureteroscopy have faster postoperative recovery.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of pregnancy and delivery on allograft function and newborns in renal transplant recipients.Methods The effects of pregnancy and delivery on allograft function and newborns in 3 renal transplant recipients were observed and analyzed.The age of the 3 recipients was 32,31 and 31 years,respectively,at pregnancy.They all received triple immunosuppressive therapy(CSA+AZA+prednisone) for the prevention of acute rejection after renal transplantation.Results No acute rejection occurred during pregnancy,and the liver and renal functions were normal in the 3 patients.Preeclampsia occurred in 2 of them.Caesarean section was performed successfully on them at 34,38 and 37 gestational weeks,respectively.The weight of the neonates was 2350 g,3800 g and 3800 g,respectively;and the Apgar scores of the newborns were all 10.(Apgar scores include appearance,pulse,grimace,activity,and respiration.Apgar score ≥8 means newborns in healthy status).After follow-up for 14-46 months,there was no abnormity of the function of transplanted renal and the upgrowth of the newborns.Conclusions Successful pregnancy and delivery are possible in renal transplant recipients with normal renal function.