ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major mediator of vascular permeability and angiogenesis, may play a pivotal role in mediating the development and progression of breast cancer. In the present study, we examined the genetic variations of the VEGF gene to assess its possible relation to breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 200 patients with histologically confirmed cases of breast cancer and 200 healthy women were genotyped for VEGF single nucleotide polymorphisms (405G > C and −1154G > A) by polymerase chain reaction‑restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Pre‑operative plasma VEGF levels were determined by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay in 200 women with breast cancer and in 200 normal female controls. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of the +405G > C, −1154G > A polymorphisms did not show a significant deviation from the Hardy‑Weinberg expectation. The minor allele frequencies of the +405G > C and −1154G > A polymorphisms among cases and controls were 33.5% (C allele), 31.5% (A allele) and 35% (C allele), 34.5% (A allele) respectively. +405GG and −1154GG genotypes were associated with higher levels of VEGF among breast cancer cases and controls. Increased plasma VEGF levels were significantly associated with, clinical stage of the disease (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: Although none of the polymorphisms were significantly associated with breast cancer, some of the VEGF genotypes may influence tumor growth through an altered expression of VEGF and tumor angiogenesis.
ABSTRACT
A case of a 10-year-old boy reported to us for delayed eruption of permanent teeth with classical features of orofacial digital syndrome (OFDS). The case of OFDS is being reported and the various clinico-radiological features of both type I and type II are compared. Chromosomal karyotyping of the case has also been performed.