ABSTRACT
Background: Kidney damage can occur due to exposure to nephrotoxic drugs, chemicals, Toxins and infections agents, ultimately leading to real failure, management of which is a Great challenge, So efforts have been focused on traditional and herbal medicines for the Treatment of real failure, Ashwagandha (withania somnifera) may have free radical Scavenging activity and can be used for the precention and treatment of kidney damage. Objective: To observe the histological ecidence of nephroprotective effect of Ashwagandha root against induced nephrotoxicity in rats . Materials and Methods: this study was done in the department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka A total number of 31 male Wistar albino rats were acclimatized for 14 days, then, these were divided into two groups, control group consisted of 18rats (Group A) and Ashwagandha pretreated and gentamicin-treated group consisted of 13 rats (Group B). Control group was again subdivided into baseline control and gentamicin-control groups (A1 and A2)-each And all the animals received basal diet for 22 consecutive days. In addition to this, animals of Group A2 teceived gentamicin subcutaneously (100 mg /kg body weight/day) from 15Th to 22 day and animals of Group B received Ashwagandha root extract (500mg / kg body weight/day )From 15TH to 22ND day All the animals were sacrificed on 23RD day. Then kidney samples were collected and histology was by using standard laboratory procedure. Results: Histological examination of kidney revealed abnormal histological findings in 100% of gentamicin-treated rats. But 92.31% of rats in Asruture and 7.69% showed mild histological changes. Conclusion: Ashwagandha root may have some nephroprotective effect against gentamichin induced nephorotoxicity
ABSTRACT
Background: Kidney is the main excretory organ which can be damaged by various disease conditions, foods, exposure to some chemicals, toxins, or infectious agents. Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) may have antioxidant activity thereby can be used for the improvement of kidney functions though its exact role is yet to be explored. Objective: To observe the effect of peanut kernel powder on kidney by observing the histology and some biochemical parameters (serum creatinine and blood urea) in Wistar albino rats. Materials and method: This experimental study was conducted between October 2012 to December 2012 in the Institute of Food and Nutrition, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total number of 20 apparently healthy Wistar albino male rats, weighing between 120 to 150 grams, age range 90 to 120 days were used. Prior to conducting the study, the animals were acclimatized for 14 days. Then, they were divided into two groups; control group (Group A) consisted of 10 rats and experimental group (Group B- Peanut treated group) consisted of 10 rats. All groups of animals received basal diet for 21 consecutive days and in addition, experimental group received peanut kernel powder (500mg/kg body weight/day; orally) in the morning along with food for 21 consecutive days. All the animals were sacrificed on 22nd day. The blood and kidney samples were collected. Blood urea, serum creatinine levels were measured and histopathology of kidney was done by using standard laboratory procedure. Results: The mean body weight of peanut treated group was significantly lower than that of control group. The mean blood urea and creatinine levels were higher in peanut treated group in comparison to those of control group but the differences were not statistically significant. On histology, kidney revealed normal findings both in control and peanut treated group. Conclusion: Role of peanut kernel powder in normalizing the biochemical parameters is controversial.
ABSTRACT
Background: Regulation of electrolytes and body fluids are essential for maintaining the body homeostasis. Kidney plays an important role for these regulations. Higher doses of drugs, toxins, infectious agents, chemicals etc. can causes kidney damage and ultimately electrolytes disturbances can be occurred. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an herbal plant may have some role on serum electrolytes balance. Objective: To observe the effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root on serum electrolytes against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka from 1st July 2010 to 30th June 2011. A total number of 35 Wistar albino rats, age from 90 to 120 days, weighing between 150 to 200 grams were selected for the study. After acclimatization for 14 days, they were divided into control group and experimental group. Control group was again subdivided into baseline control, (10 rats) and gentamicin treated control group, (10 rats). Again, experimental group (gentamicin treated group after ashwagandha treatment) consisted of 15 rats. All groups of animals received basal diet for 22 consecutive days. In addition to this, gentamicin treated control group also received gentamicin subcutaneously (100mg /kg body weight/day) for the last eight (15th to 22nd day) consecutive days. Again, gentamicin treated group after ashwagandha treatment received ashwagandha root extract (500mg/kg body weight/day, orally) for 22 consecutive days and gentamicin subcutaneously (100mg/kg body weight /day) for last eight (15th to 22nd day) days. All the animals were sacrificed on 23rd day. Then blood samples were collected and kidney weight was measured. For assessment of kidney function, some serum electrolyte levels e,g. serum sodium, potassium and chloride ion levels were estimated by ion selective electrode (ISE) electrolyte auto analyzer method, by using Biolyte 2000 auto analyzer . However, body weight and kidney weight of the animals were measured to assess the nephrotoxicity in these groups of animals. All these tests were done in the laboratory of Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, SSMC. Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests as applicable. Results: The serum sodium and chloride ion levels were almost similar in all the groups and the differences were not statistically significant. The mean serum levels of potassium ion were significantly (p<0.001) lower in gentamicin treated group and (p<0.05) in gentamicin treated group after ashwagandha treatment in comparison to that of baseline control group. But this level of gentamicin treated group after ashwagandha treatment was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of gentamicin treated group. Initial body weight was almost similar and no significant difference of this value was observed among the groups. Whereas, the final body weight was significantly (p<0.001) lower in gentamicin treated control group and in gentamicin treated group after ashwagandha treatment than that of baseline control group. Again this level of gentamicin treated group after ashwagandha treatment was significantly (p<0.05) higher in comparison to that of gentamicin treated control group. The kidney weight was significantly (p<0.01) higher in gentamicin treated control group when compared to that of baseline control and gentamicin treated group after ashwagandha treatment. Whereas, kidney weight of gentamicin treated group after ashwagandha treatment and of baseline control group was almost similar and showed no statistically significant difference of this value between this two groups. Conclusion: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract may have some role in maintaining some of the serum electrolyte levels within normal limit, which indicates its nephroprotective effects against gentamicin induced toxicity.
ABSTRACT
Background: Liver is an essential metabolic organ. It can be damaged due to prolonged use and higher doses of drugs, exposure to some chemicals, toxins, or infectious agents. Herbal plants as ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) may have free radical scavenging activity thereby can be used for the prevention and treatment of liver damage. Objective: To observe the effect of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract on gentamicin induced changes of some liver marker enzymes e,g serum aspartate amino transferase (AST ) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) in Wistar albino rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka from 1st July 2010 to 30th June 2011. A total number of 35 Wistar albino rats, aged 90 to 120 days, weighing between 150 to 200 grams were selected for the study. After acclimatization for 14 days, they were divided into control group (Group A) and experimental group (Group B). Control group was again subdivided into group A1 (baseline control, consisted of 10 rats) and group A2 (gentamicin treated control group, consisted of 10 rats). Again, experimental group (Group B-ashwagandha pretreated and gentamicin treated group) consisted of 15 rats. All groups of animals received basal diet for 22 consecutive days. In addition to this, group A2 also received gentamicin subcutaneously (100mg /kg body weight/day) for the last eight (15th to 22nd day) consecutive days. Again, group B received ashwagandha root extract (500mg/kg body weight/day, orally) for 22 consecutive days and gentamicin subcutaneously (100mg/kg body weight /day) for last eight (15th to 22nd day) days. All the animals were sacrificed on 23rd day. Then blood and liver samples were collected. For assessment of liver function, serum AST, ALT and bilirubin levels were estimated. All these tests were done by standard Laboratory technique. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test as applicable. Results: The mean serum levels of AST and ALT were significantly (p<0.001) higher in gentamicin treated control group and in ashwagandha pretreated and gentamicin treated group in comparison to those of baseline control group.. Again, these levels were significantly (p<0.001) lower in ashwagandha pretreated and gentamicin treated group than those of gentamicin treated control group. Conclusion: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract restored serum AST, ALT towards normal levels in gentamicin intoxicated rats which may be due to its free radical scavenging activity. Therefore it may have hepatoprotective effect.
ABSTRACT
Background: Kidney is an important excretory organ. Its damage can be occurred due to prolonged use and higher doses of drugs, exposure to some chemicals, toxins, or infectious agents. Herbal plants as Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) may have free radical scavenging activity thereby can be used for the prevention and treatment of kidney damage. Objective: To observe the nephroprotective effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka from 1st July 2010 to 30th June 2011. A total number of 35 Wistar albino rats, age ranged from 90 to 120 days, weighing between 150 to 200 grams were included in this study. After acclimatization for 14 days, they were divided into control group (Group A) and experimental group (Group B). Control group was again subdivided into group A1 (baseline control, consisted of 10 rats) and group A2 (gentamicin treated control group, consisted of 10 rats). Again, experimental group (Group B- Ashwagandha pretreated and gentamicin treated group) consisted of 15 rats. All groups of animals received basal diet for 22 consecutive days. In addition to this, group A2 also received gentamicin subcutaneously (100mg /kg body weight/day) for the last eight (15th to 22nd day) consecutive days. Again, group B received ashwagandha root extract (500mg/kg body weight/ day; orally) for 22 consecutive days and gentamicin subcutaneously (100mg/kg body weight /day) for last eight (15th to 22nd day) days. All the animals were sacrificed on 23rd day. Then blood and kidney sample were collected. Estimation of serum urea, creatinine levels were done by using standard Laboratory kits. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test as applicable. Results: The mean serum urea, creatinine levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher in gentamicin treated control group in comparison to those of baseline control. Again, these levels were significantly (p<0.01) lower in ashwagandha pretreated and gentamicin treated group (experimental group) when compared to those of gentamicin treated group (control). Conclusion: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root may have some nephroprotective effect against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity.