ABSTRACT
Background: Cyclea peltata is one of the herbs mentioned in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda and is used indifferent types of Ayurvedic gritham preparations. Moreover, in traditional/tribal medicine C. peltata isused as digestive, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and to treat jaundice, digestive disorders, etc.Objective: Activity guided fractionation of C. peltata and in correlation with the levels of bioactivecompound tetrandrine.Materials and methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening, estimation of total alkaloid content,preparation of different extracts of C. peltata (crude extract CP, hexane extract HCP, chloroform extractCCP, methanol extract MCP, alkaloid fraction ACP). In vitro anti-inflammatory studies using RAW264.7 cells and in vitro antioxidant assays of the different extracts of C. peltata. HPTLC estimation oftetrandrine (TET) was carried out using solvent system toluene: ethyl acetate: diethylamine (7.2: 2: 0.8)and isolation of TET from ACP.Results: Preliminary phytochemical studies of C. peltata showed the presence of alkaloid content in allextracts. Whereas, saponins, steroids and terpenoids were detected in CP and CCP. ACP and TET showedsignificant in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity when compared to other extracts. ACP andTET (100 mg/ml) treatment significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-a in LPStreated RAW 264.7 cells. HPTLC estimation of bioactive compound tetrandrine was highest in ACP228.4 mg/mg followed by CP-29.62 mg/mg, CCP-23.46 mg/mg, MCP-18.82 mg/mg and HCP-1.25 mg/mg. TEThas been isolated from ACP.Conclusion: The results of the present in vitro assays revealed that the alkaloid fraction (ACP) is the mostactive fraction when compared to other extracts and has a positive correlation with the levels of bioactivecompound tetrandrine.
ABSTRACT
Oxalis corniculata is well known for its medicinal properties like anti-inflammatory, digestive, diuretic, antibacterial, antiseptic etc. The present study focuses on the ability of O. corniculata to alleviate liver damage caused by over dose of paracetamol. Antioxidant activity of O. corniculata was evaluated using the free radical scavenging activity of 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radicals, total anti oxidant capacity by phosphomolybdenum method and total phenolic content was also evaluated. The ethanolic extract of whole plant of O. corniculata (OC, 500 µg/mL, po) significantly reduced 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radicals. This dose also caused significant reduction (62.67%) in malondialdehyde levels of murine hepatic tissues. The antioxidant capacity of OC was comparable to that of standard ascorbic acid and showed 53.5 µg of phenol/mg OC. Rats pre-treated with OC for 4 days showed significant reduction in the serum enzymes such as glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin and showed almost normal histological liver architecture of the treated groups compared to paracetamol induced hepatic damage group, indicating its hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential.
ABSTRACT
Cassia occidentalis Linn. mast cell degranulation at a dose of 250 mg/kg, showed dose dependent stabilizing activity towards human RBC, with is widely used in traditional medicine of India to treat a number of clinical conditions including allergy and inflammatory manifestations. In the present study anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of C. occidentalis whole plant ethanolic extract (CO) was investigated. Effects of CO on rat mast cell degranulation inhibition and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization were studied in vitro following standard methods. The anti lipidperoxidant effects of CO were also studied in vitro. Effect of CO on carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema inhibition was also assessed. CO significantly decreased maximum protection of 80.8% at 15 μg/ml. The extract also caused significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of murine hepatic microsomes at 100 μg/ml (56%) and significantly reduced carrageenan induced inflammation in mice at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Results of the present study indicated that CO inhibited mast cell degranulation, stabilized HRBC membrane thereby alleviating immediate hypersensitivity besides showing anti oxidant activity.
ABSTRACT
Hibiscus hispidissimus Griff. is used in tribal medicine of Kerala, the southern most state of India, to treat liver diseases. In the present study, the effect of the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus hispidissimus whole plant on paracetamol (PCM)-induced and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in healthy Wistar albino rats was studied. The results showed that significant hepatoprotective effects were obtained against liver damage induced by PCM and CCl4 as evidenced by decreased levels of serum enzymes, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (SAKP), serum bilirubin (SB) and an almost normal histological architecture of the liver of the treated groups compared to the toxin controls. The extract also showed significant antilipid peroxidant effects in vitro, besides exhibiting significant activity in quenching 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, indicating its potent antioxidant effects.