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The etiology of melasma is complicated. Although there are many treatment methods for melasma at present, no definite or satisfactory efficacy has been achieved. In recent years, good therapeutic outcomes have been achieved in the treatment of melasma with intense pulsed light. This review summarizes the progress in the treatment of melasma with intense pulsed light alone or in combination with various lasers, external drugs and systemic drugs in recent years.
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Objective To determine the level of interleukin (IL)-10 in sera and culture supernatants of CD4+CD25+T cells from children with atopic dermatitis (AD),and to evaluate its relationship with clinical course and severity of AD.Methods Totally,46 children with AD and 31 healthy controls were included in the study.All the patients were divided into 3 groups,i.e.,mild (n =10),moderate (n =16) and severe (n =20) group,according to severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) score.Venous blood samples were obtained from the patients and healthy controls.CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells were separated from the blood samples by magnetic cell sorting (MACS) system in two steps and cultured in vitro.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to quantify the level of IL-10 in sera and culture supernatants of CD4+CD25 + T cells from these subjects.Analysis of variance was carried out to compare the level of supematant and serum IL-10 between the patients and controls,and Pearson correlation analysis to assess the relationship between the level of IL-10 and SCORAD score.Results The patients with mild,moderate and severe AD showed a similar serum IL-10 level compared with the healthy controls ((43.10 ± 25.07) pg/ml,(68.40 ± 36.65) pg/ml and (55.55 ± 41.97) pg/ml vs.(58.27 ± 36.84) pg/ml,all P ＞ 0.05).The level of supernatant IL-10 secreted by CD4+CD25+ T cells from the controls was significantly higher than that from the patients with severe AD ((55.15 ± 11.15) pg/ml vs.(27.25 ± 7.01) pg/ml,P ＜ 0.05),but similar to that from the patients with mild and moderate AD ((52.96 ± 11.69) pg/ml and (49.86 ± 9.18) pg/ml,respectively,both P ＞ 0.05).The level of secreted IL-10 was negatively correlated with SCORAD score (r =－0.757,P ＜ 0.01),whereas the serum level of IL-10 showed no statistical correlation with SCORAD score.Conclusion CD4+CD25+ T cells and IL-10 may be implicated in the development of AD.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the roles of imbalance between peripheral blood T helper 17 (Th17) cells and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T(Treg) cells in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 52 patients with AD aged 2-14 years and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.Flow cytometry was performed to detect the percentage of Th17 cells and Treg cells in peripheral blood.Meanwhile,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was carried out to detect the serumlevel of interleukin (IL)-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1.Results The children with AD showed a higher percentage of Th17 cells but a lower percentage of Treg cells in CD3+ T cells compared with the controls (( 1.20 ± 0.41 )％ vs.(0.54 ± 0.28)％,t =2.58,P ＜ 0.05; (2.29 ± 0.67)％ vs.(5.95 ± 0.45)％,t =15.23,P ＜ 0.01 ).Moreover,the serum level of IL-6 was significantly higher,while that of TGF-β1 was lower in patients with AD than in the controls ((5.12 ± 0.45) ng/L vs.(3.89 ± 0.38) ng/L,t =2.59,P＜ 0.05; (57.65 ± 10.78) ng/L vs. (81.18 ± 7.78) ng/L,t =5.41,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsChildren with AD experience a change in the percentage of Thl7 cells and Treg cells in peripheral blood as well as in the serum level of IL-6 and TGF-β1,and the imbalance between Th17 cells and Treg cells in peripheral blood may contribute to the development of AD.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute stroke.Methods The patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.Each group was treated with citicoline(CDPC)as a primary treatment.Magnesium sulfate was added to the treatment group for fifteen days.Results The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was significantly better than that of control group,with mild adverse effects.Conclusion Magnesium sulfate is effective and safe in the treatment of acute stroke.