Study of functional connectivity during anesthesia based on sparse partial least squares / 生物医学工程学杂志

Anesthesia consciousness monitoring is an important issue in basic neuroscience and clinical applications, which has received extensive attention. In this study, in order to find the indicators for monitoring the state of clinical anesthesia, a total of 14 patients undergoing general anesthesia were collected for 5 minutes resting electroencephalogram data under three states of consciousness (awake, moderate and deep anesthesia). Sparse partial least squares (SPLS) and traditional synchronized likelihood (SL) are used to calculate brain functional connectivity, and the three conscious states before and after anesthesia were distinguished by the connection features. The results show that through the whole brain network analysis, SPLS and traditional SL method have the same trend of network parameters in different states of consciousness, and the results obtained by SPLS method are statistically significant ( <0.05). The connection features obtained by the SPLS method are classified by the support vector machine, and the classification accuracy is 87.93%, which is 7.69% higher than that of the connection feature classification obtained by SL method. The results of this study show that the functional connectivity based on the SPLS method has better performance in distinguishing three kinds of consciousness states, and may provides a new idea for clinical anesthesia monitoring.

Optimized strategy of anesthesia for modified radical mastectomy: transverse thoracic muscle plane-thoracic nerve block combined with general anesthesia / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transverse thoracic muscle plane-thoracic nerve block combined with general anesthesia when used for modified radical mastectomy. Methods Sixty female patients, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ or Ⅱ, aged 45-63 yr, weighing 48-72 kg, scheduled for elective modified radical mastectomy, were divided into 3 groups ( n=20 each) using a random number table method: thoracic nerve block-general anesthesia group ( group P+G ) , transverse thoracic muscle plane-thoracic nerve block-general anesthesia group ( group T+P+G) and general anesthesia group ( group G ) . Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, propofol, fentanyl and cisatracurium and maintained with sevoflurane, fentanyl and cisatracurium. Thoracic nerve block typeⅠ and Ⅱ was per-formed after implanting laryngeal mask airway in group P+G. Transverse thoracic muscle plane block was performed after performing thoracic nerve block typeⅠandⅡin group T+P+G. Flurbiprofen 50 mg was in-travenously injected after operation as a rescue analgesic to maintain the Visual Analogue Scale score≤3. The consumption of opioids, emergence time and time for removal of the laryngeal mask airway were recor-ded. Ramsay sedation score was recorded at 10 min after removal of the laryngeal mask airway. The require-ment for rescue analgesia, time of passing flatus and development of nausea and vomiting within 24 h after operation were recorded. Results Compared with group G, the emergence time, time for removal of the laryngeal mask airway and time of passing flatus were significantly shortened, and the Ramsay sedation score, consumption of fentanyl and requirement for rescue analgesia were decreased in P+G and T+P+G groups ( P<0. 05) , and the incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly decreased in group T+P+G ( P<0. 05) . Compared with group P+G, the time for removal of the laryngeal mask airway and time of pass-ing flatus were significantly shortened, the consumption of fentanyl was decreased ( P<0. 05) , and no sig-nificant change was found in the requirement for rescue analgesia or incidence of nausea and vomiting in group T+P+G ( P>0. 05) . Conclusion Transverse thoracic muscle plane-thoracic nerve block combined with general anesthesia can provide satisfactory perioperative analgesia and is helpful in improving prognosis for the patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy.

Role of oxidation reaction in decrease in activity of acetylcholinesterase in diaphragm of rats with sepsis / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of oxidation reaction in the decrease in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the diaphragm of rats with sepsis.Methods Thirty pathogen-free healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-260 g,were divided into 3 groups using a random number table:sham operation group (group S,n=8),sepsis group (group Sep,n =12) and antioxidant group (group Ant,n=10).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture.Group S underwent simple laparotomy.N-acetylcystein 20 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously at 3,6,12 and 18 h after operation,and deferoxamine 20 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously at 3 h after operation in group Ant,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S and Sep groups.At 24 h after operation,the surviving rats were sacrificed,and the diaphragm was removed for determination of the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activities of AChE,myeloperoxidase (MPO),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).SOD/CAT ratio was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the AChE activity was significantly decreased,and MPO and SOD activities were increased in Sep and Ant groups,the MDA content and SOD/CAT ratio were significantly increased,and the CAT activity was decreased in group Sep,and the CAT activity was significantly increased in group Ant (P＜0.05).Compared with group Sep,the AChE and CAT activities were significantly increased,and the MDA content,MPO and SOD activities and SOD/CAT ratio were decreased in group Ant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Oxidation reaction is partially involved in the decrease in the activity of AChE in the diaphragm of rats with sepsis.

Probe into lacking of protection in traditional Chinese medicine psychology pathogenesis / 国际中医中药杂志

Lack of protection in education was one of possible reason contributed to the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) psychology pathogenesis while the research conducted. This paper discusseds the following aspects: the concept, the causes, the impact and the types of protection. It also provided series thought on the development of TCM psychology pathogenesis, TCM psychology family treatment and family education of TCM psychology prevention.

Discussion of abnormal digestive process in psychology in TCM psychology pathogenesis / 国际中医中药杂志

For the research of TCM psychology pathogenesis, one possible reason could be concluded on the abnormal digestive process in psychology. This study discussed the concept of abnormal digestive process in psychology, including abnormal acception, digestion and metabolism in psychology. It provided foundation for the development of TCM psychology pathogenesis and TCM psychology clinical therapy.

Discussion of retardative solipsism thinking in TCM psychology pathogenesis / 国际中医中药杂志

During the research of TCM psychology pathogenesis, one possible reason may be theretardative solipsism thinking was one of TCM psychology pathogenesis in the study of TCM education therapy. This study discussed the concept of retardative solipsism thinking and its five types including personal preference type, selfishness type, arrogant type, autism type and escaping type.It provides foundation for TCM psychology clinical therapy.

Effects of acute peritonitis on rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in abdominal muscles and function of sarcoplasmic reticulum of rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of acute peritonitis on rocuronium?induced neuromus?cular blockade in abdominal muscles and function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rats. Methods Thirty?six pathogen?free male Sprague?Dawley rats, weighing 220-250 g, were divided into 2 groups using a ran?dom number table: control group (group C, n=12) and acute peritonitis group (group P, n=24). After the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, acute peritonitis was induced by artificial gastric per?foration in group P. At 1 and 2 h after operation, the changes in the intra?abdominal pressure (IAP) with different volumes were detected, and blood samples were collected from the orbital veins for determination of serum levels of interleukin?6, tumor necrosis factor?alpha and interleukin?13. Rocuronium 3. 5 mg∕kg was then injected via the caudal vein. The IAP was recorded at 1, 5 and 10 min after administration. The intra?cellular free Ca2+ concentration was assessed using fura?2, and the maximal Ca2+ uptake and release rate in the sarcoplasmic reticulum were calculated. Results Compared with group C, the serum levels of interleu?kin?6 and tumor necrosis factor?alpha at 2 h after operation and IAP at 1 and 2 h after operation were signifi?cantly increased, the IAP was increased at 1, 5 and 10 min after administration of rocuronium, and the maximal Ca2+ uptake rate and amount of calcium uptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum were decreased in group P ( P<0.01) . Conclusion Acute peritonitis decreases rocuronium?induced neuromuscular blockade in abdominal muscles, which may be related to the impaired Ca2+uptake function of the sarcoplasmic reticu?lum of rats.

The establishment and application of case database of critical illness in anethesia teaching pro-gram / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To establish case database of critical illness and explore the effect of critical case-based learning in the anesthesia teaching program as well as its influence on clinical thinking ability of students. Methods Case database of critical illness was built with foxtable software and ASAⅢ~Ⅴpatients undergoing anesthesia were included in the case database. Patients' information were recorded according to the sequence of pre-operative evaluation,intra-operative management and post-operative recovery. We designed a student questionnaire to investigate the effect of critical case-based learning. And we also compared the effect of critical case-based learning and traditional teaching on undergraduate interns, residents, and graduate students by scores of case analysis test. Data analysis used t test. Results The critical cases database is characterized by authenticity, hierarchy and for-wardness. Survey result of questionnaire shows that the proportions of students who believe critical case-based learning helps to strengthen the links of theory and clinical practice, to improve expression skills, and to promote active classroom atmosphere, solidarity and cooperation are 80%, 71.6% and 68.3%respectively. Compared with those who received traditional teaching, the residents and graduate students who received critical case-based learning get significantly higher scores in case analysis test. However, the difference of scores between undergraduate interns receiving traditional teaching or criti-cal case-based learning has no significance. Conclusion The establishment of critical cases database and its application in anesthesia teaching program have effectively improved clinical thinking ability of anesthesia residents and graduate students.

Effect of sevoflurane on expression of calcium-sensing receptor in myocardium of rats with high-level spinal cord injury / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane on the expression of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the myocardium of rats with high-level spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Thirty healthy male Wistar rats, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table: sham operation group (group S, n = 6) , SCI group (n =12) and sevoflurane group (group Sev).SCI was induced in anesthetized rats by dropping a l0-g weight onto C7 spinal cord from 5.0 cm height falling freely inside a vertical hollow glass tube.Group SCI inhaled 2 L/min pure oxygen for 30 min, and group Sev inhaled 2％ sevoflurane for 30 min starting from 30 min after SCI.At 12 and 24 h after SCI (T1,2) , 6 rats were selected randomly, and blood samples from the abdominal aorta were drawn for determination of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations.The rats were then sacrificed, and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of CaSR protein and mRNA expression (using fluorescent quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or Western blot) and for examination of myocardial ultrastructure (with transmission electron microscope).Results Compared with group S, the serum cTnI concentrations and CaSR protein and mRNA expression were significantly increased at T1,2 in SCI and Sev groups.Compared with group SCI, the serum cTnI concentrations and CaSR protein and mRNA expression were significantly decreased at T1,2 in Sev group.The damage to myocardial cells was significantly reduced in group SCI compared with group Sev.Conclusion Sevoflurane reduces myocardial damage through inhibiting CaSR expression in the myocardium of rats with high-level SCI.

Gastric emptying time for liquids in healthy volunteers: determination by magnetic resonance imaging / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To determine the gastric emptying time for liquids in the healthy volunteers by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to provide a reference for reasonable preoperative fasting time.Methods Nineteen healthy volunteers of both sexes,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 20-60 yr,were enrolled in the study.The volunteers were fasted from the intake of liquids or solids starting from 22:00 the night before the trial,and 12.5％ carbohydrate solution 400 ml containing 40 g maltodextrin and 10 g sucrose was given orally.MRI was performed to measure the baseline gastric fluid volume at 8:00 on the day of the trial (T0).The gastric fluid volume was measured immediately after administration of the oral solution,and then measured every 25 min until the gastric fluid volume was returned to the baseline before administration of the oral solution or to ＜25 ml,and was recorded as T25,T50,T75,T100,et al.The gastric fluid volume was drawn using a computer to obtain the curve for gastric emptying.The gastric half and total emptying time was calculated using the curves.Results The gastric half emptying time was (32± 12) min,and the gastric total emptying time was (99±22) min in the volunteers.Compared with those at Tb,the gastric fluid volume was significantly increased at T25,T50,T75,T100,and no significant change was found in gastric fluid volume at T125,T150and T175.Conclusion After oral intake of liquids,the gastric emptying time is about 2 h,indicating that the preoperative fasting time for liquids can be shortened to 2 h before anesthesia in the healthy volunteers.

Effect of different types of nutrient solution on preoperative fasting time / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To discuss the feasibility of preoperative diet by measuring gastric emptying time of carbohydrate and protein nutrient solutions in healthy volunteers.Methods A total of 20 healthy volunteers were collected from August 2013 to May 2014.On the morning of the trial,baseline gastric residual volume of each volunteer was measured with magnetic resonance imaging at 8 a.m.,then each of the 20 healthy volunteers took 12.5％ carbohydrate solution 400 ml (containing 40 g of maltodextrin and 10 g of sucrose) or 12.5％ whey protein solution (containing 50 g whey protein) in 5 minutes.Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted to measure the gastric residual volume every 25 minutes.The volunteers were shifted to the other nutrient solution after a 1-week interval.The gastric emptying time of both nutrient solutions was calculated to generate the curves illustrating the process of gastric emptying.Results The baseline gastric residual volume of the volunteers was (14.90 ± 9.39) ml.The total gastric emptying time of carbohydrate solution was (104.90 ± 27.98) min (95 ％ CI 98.64-111.16 min),while that of whey protein solution was (199.6 ± 34.17) min (95％ CI 184.47-214.73 min).There was a significant difference between these two types of nutrient solution in terms of gastric emptying time (P ＜ 0.000 1).Conclusions The induction of anesthesia could be performed 2 hours after carbohydrate administration,and at least 4 hours after whey protein administration.

Screening and analysis of falling risks among community-dwelling older people in Chengdu / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To discuss the efficacy of the modified falling risks for older people-community setting screening tool and the falling risks of the older people.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 communities of Chengdu.A total of 408 people aged 65 years and over from 4 residents communities were selected with convenient sampling.To screen out the people who were in high risk of falls with a self-making questionnaire and the modified falling risks for older people-community setting screening tool.Results After the 408 older people were evaluated by modified falling risks for older people-community screening tool,the result showed the area under curve of receiver operating characteristic of the scale was 0.936.Its sensitivity was 77.6％ (66/85),specificity was 93.2％ (301/323),positive predictive value was 75.0％ (66/88) and negative predictive value was 94.1％ (301/320).Conclusions The using of modified falling risks for older people-community setting screening tool is easy and fast,it has higher sensitivity,specificity and evaluation function.It can be used for screening falling risks among community setting elderly people in China.

Effects of dantrolene pretreatment on diaphragmatic function in septic rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of dantrolene pretreatment on diaphragmatic function in septic rats .Methods Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats , weighing 200-220 g , aged 9-10 weeks , were randomized into 3 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table :sham operation group (group S) ,spesis group (group CLP) and dantrolene group (group D) .The animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium . Dantrolene 6 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally (in dimethyl sulfoxide 500 μl ) .Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture 1 h later in CLP and D groups .The left and right diaphragm was rapidly excised at 24 h after cecal ligation and puncture . The left diaphragm was used to detect the systolic function including the single stimulation twitch , dmax/dt , dmin/dt , maximal force of tetanic contraction , force-frequency curves , and fatigue index .Results Compared with group S ,the single twitch myopalmus ,dmax/dt ,dmin/dt ,maximum peak tension and fatigue index were significantly decreased in group CLP ,the single stimulation twitch ,dmax/dt ,dmin/dt and maximal force of tetanic contraction were decreased , fatigue index was increased in group D , and the force-frequency curve was shifted downward in CLP and D groups ( P<0.05 or 0.01) .Compared with group CLP ,the single stimulation twitch ,dmax/dt ,dmin/dt ,maximal force of tetanic contraction and fatigue index were significantly increased in group D ( P< 0.05 or 0.01 ) .Conclusion Dantrolene pretreatment can improve diaphragmatic function in septic rats .

Streptozotocin Diabetes Attenuates the Effects of Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Relaxants on Rat Muscles

The hypothesis of this study was that diabetes-induced desensitization of rat soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) to non-depolarizing muscle relaxants (NDMRs) depends on the stage of diabetes and on the kind of NDMRs. We tested the different magnitude of resistance to vecuronium, cisatracurium, and rocuronium at different stages of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes by the EDL sciatic nerve-muscle preparations, and the SOL sciatic nerve-muscle preparations from rats after 4 and 16 weeks of STZ treatment. The concentration-twitch tension curves were significantly shifted from those of the control group to the right in the diabetic groups. Concentration giving 50% of maximal inhibition (IC50) was larger in the diabetic groups for all the NDMRs. For rocuronium and cisatracurium in both SOL and EDL, IC50 was significantly larger in diabetic 16 weeks group than those in the diabetic 4 weeks group. For SOL/EDL, the IC50 ratios were significantly largest in the diabetic 16 weeks group, second largest in the diabetic 4 weeks group, and smallest for the control group. Diabetes-induced desensitization to NDMRs depended on the stage of diabetes and on the different kind of muscles observed while was independent on different kind of NDMRs. The resistance to NDMRs was stronger in the later stage of diabetes (16 versus 4 weeks after STZ treatment). Additionally, when monitoring in SOL, diabetes attenuated the actions of neuromuscular blockade more intensely than that in EDL. Nonetheless, the hyposensitivity to NDMRs in diabetes was not relevant for the kind of NDMRs.

Effect of long-term glucocorticoid administration on nondepolarizing muscle relaxants-induced neuromuscular blockade in rat diaphragma / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of long-term glucocorticoid administration on nondepolarizing muscle relaxants-induced neuromuscular blockade in rat diaphragma in vitro.Methods Forty adult male SpragueDawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 180-220 g,were randomized into 2 groups (n =20 each):control group (group C) and dexamethasone group (group D).In group D,dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 14 consecutive days,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected instead of dexamethasone in group C.The left phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm was removed at 24 h after the last injection to evaluate the effect of d-tubocurarine.Different concentrations (0-10 μmol/L) of d-tubocurarine were added.The d-tubocurarine concentration-effect curve was drawn.The half inhibitory concentration and 95 ％ confidence interval of d-tubocurarine were calculated.Right diaphragma was removed for determination of the expression of embryonic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRγ) mRNA and adult nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRε) mRNA by RTPCR.Results Compared with group C,the concentration-effect curve was shifted to the right,the half inhibitory concentration was significantly increased,and the expression of nAChRγ mRNA and nAChRε mRNA was up-regulated in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Long-term glucocorticoid administration can weaken nondepolarizing muscle relaxants-induced neuromuscular blockade in rat diaphragma in vitro,and up-regulation of nAChR mRNA expression may be involved in the mechanism.

Effect of different duration skeletal muscle denervafion on acetyicholine receptor activity in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of different duration skeletal muscle denervation on acetylcholine receptor activity in rats.Methods Fourteen Balb/c mice weighing 18-22 g were used in this study.The denervation model was established by excising sciatic nerve.Two rats were chosen before(T0 ) and at days 1,4,7,14,21 and 28 after excising sciatic nerve (T1～6),and flexor digitorum brevis of the hindfoot was acutely isolated Skeletal muscle cells were isolated ( five cells in each rat),the acetylcholine currents were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamo technique.Extracellular fluid containing 30 μmol/L acetylcholine was first applied to skeletal muscle cells for 10 s,acetylcholine currents (11)were recorded,then the ceils were washed out using extracellularfluid.Skeletal muscle cells were balanced using extracellular fluid containing 0,0.1,1,10,30,100,1000,3000,or 10 000 nmol/L atracurium for 3 min respectively,then perfused using extracellular fluid containing 30 μmol/L acetylcholine and differents concentrations of atracurium mentioned above for 10 s respectively,and acetylcholine currents were recorded,then the cells were washed out,and 30 μmol/L acetylcholine was perfused again and currents(I2 ) were recorded.The mean value of I1 and I2 was taken as control current,and inhibitory percentage of control current was calculated,and the inhibition concentrations for the half-maximal response (IC50) of atracurium were determined by nonlinear regression analysis.Results Compared with T0,IC50 significantly increased at T1～6 ( P ＜ 0.05).IC50 was increased gradually at T1～3 ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with T3,IC50 was decreased at T4～6 ( P ＜ 0.05).IC50 was decreased gradually at T4～6 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Skeletal muscle denervation can inhibite acetylcholine receptor activity,which is relate to the denervation time.

Effect of measurement and adjustment of cuff-pressure of endotracheal tube on postoperative intubation-related complications:a prospective,multicenter,randomized,double-blind study / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the incidence of postoperative intubation-related complications and the need for measurement and adjustment of cuff-pressure of endotracheal tube. Methods Five hundred and nine patients of either sex undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation were divided into 2 groups: control group (group C)and cuff-pressure measured group (group CPM). Operation time and duration of endotracheal tube were recorded. Twenty patients with the duration of endotracheal tube 120-180 min in each group were selected. Their tracheal mucous membrane was examined by fiberoptic bronchoscopy at the time of withdrawal of endotracheal tube. Postoperative complications including cough and bloody sputum were also recorded at 24 h after extubation. Results The two groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, operation time and the duration of endotracheal tube. The incidence of sore throat and bloody sputum was significantly higher in group C than in CPM group. The incidence of sore throat and bloody sputum was significantly increased as the duration of endotracheal tube was prolonged in control group while in CPM group only the incidence of sore throat was increased. Varying degrees of injuries to tracheal mucous membrane were observed with fiberoptic bronchoscope.The injuries were more serious in group C than in CPM group. Conclusion Measurement of intracuff pressure is helpful for reducing the tracheal intubation-related complications.

Efficacy of bispectral index in guiding sevoflurane anesthesia in children / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of bispectral index (BIS) in guiding sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Methods Forty-eight ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ pediatric patients aged 1-12 yr undergoing elective urological surgery were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 24 each) : group Ⅰ control and group Ⅱ BITS. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups according to the age (n = 8 each) : subgroup A ( 1 yr≤age < 3 yr) ,subgroup B (3 yr≤ age<6 yr ) and subgroup C (6 yr≤age ≤ 12 yr). The patients were premedicated with IM atropine 0.015-0.02 mg/kg. Anesthesia was induced with 5% sevoflurane and 60% N2O in O2. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane and,50% N2O in O2 and intermittent Ⅳ bolnses of vecuronium and fentanyl. In BIS group, BIS was maintained at 40-60 during operation and at 60-75 during the 15 min before the end of surgery. BIS was monitored and recorded but not available to the anesthesiologist in control group and the depth of anesthesia was maintained based on hemodynamic changes and clinical signs. MAP, HR, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration, BIS, emergence time, extubation time and PACU discharge time were recorded. The amount of sevoflurane consumed was calculated. Results There was no significant difference in the demographic data between the cotresponding age groups of BIS and control group. The BIS were maintained at 40-60 in control group. The BIS was significantly higher in BIS group than in control group except the subgroup A. The end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was significantly lower, and the emergence time, extubation time and PACU discharge time were significantly shorter in BIS group than in control group. There was no significant difference in MAP and HR between the 2 groups. Conclusion BIS monitoring can reduce sevoflurane consumption and allow faster emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia in children over 1 yr of age.

Establishment of HEK293 cell lines stably expressing m-nAChR / 医学研究生学报

Objective: To establish human embryonic kidney(HEK) 293 cell lines that that can stably express the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(AChR).Methods: The pcDNA3.1 plasmid was constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells with lipofectin,the stable transfectants screened by G418 and the protein expression identified and analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results: After G418 screening,14 of the transfected cell lines highly expreesed ?-nAchR and 4 showed an obvious expression of ?-nAChR,as demonstrated by the immunohistochemical analysis.Conclusion: HEK293 cell lines stably expressing m-nAChR were constructed successfully.

Transiently expressed muscle nicotinic acetylcholinereceptors in HEK293 cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim Expressing muscle acetylcholin e receptors in mammallian cells using receptor clone technique.Methods The cDNA coding for the ?,?,?, ?,?-subunits of the mouse muscle nAC hR in pSP65, pSP64,pBS SK(-) are subcloned into pcDNA3.1+ by gene recobinant technique and then transfect HEK293 cells using lipofection technique.The ?-n AChR and ?-nAChR are transiently expressed in HEK293 cells membrane. Recording the response of transfected HEK293 cells to acetylcholine by using the whole- cell clamp technique.Results Transfected HEK293 cells may produ ce a inward current as appling acetylcholine.The current values are acctylcholin e-concentration-dependent.Conclusion ?-nAChR or ?-nAChR i s expressed successfully in HEK293 cells.