Menstrual Hygiene Management and Socio-demographic Factors among Rural Female Adolescents in Two Backward Districts of Karnataka: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Hygienic menstrual is a major problem, particularly for rural female adolescents. Most of the time, appropriate information regarding menstrual issues is lacking due various socio-cultural and communication issues. Objective: The aim of the study is to examine the menstrual hygiene practises among adolescent females in two underdeveloped districts of Karnataka, and to trace the relationship between the practise and changing socio-demographic variables. Methods: A cross-sectional community based study with 384 adolescent females from the Two backward districts of Karnataka using stratified random sampling technique. Findings: According to the study, 66% respondents use the modern pads, while shyness, cost, and other factors prevent 33% of respondents from using pads. Approximately, 20% of respondents identified hygiene as their top reason for using disposable pads, while 31% cited cleanliness. Most of the respondents (50%) dispose sanitary pads in the toilet, whereas 21% dump it with other trash. The use of sanitary pads is strongly correlated with mothers' education, income and family structure. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a critical need for widespread education on menstrual hygiene management in rural, parts. There must be arrangements for rural women to have easy access to the affordable pads.

Pattern And Prevalence Of Psychiatry Morbidity Among Subjects Attended Psychiatric Outpatient Department In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Northern Telangana

Background: Mental health problem is a major public health issue all over the world including India. In India, mental disorders are the leading contributors to significant morbidity and disability amongst those affected. With changing health pa?erns among Indians, mental behavior and substance use disorders are coming to the forefront in health care delivery systems. Objec?ve: This study was aimed to assess the diagnos?c pa?ern of psychiatric morbidity among the pa?ents a?ending psychiatric outpa?ent department in a private medical college. Methodology: This cross-sec?onal study was carried out in the Department of Psychiatry in Prathima Ins?tute of Medical Sciences located at Karimnagar, Telangana, India. For this study, a total of 442 new subjects a?ending Psychiatry Outpa?ent Department (OPD) from August 2020 to July 2021 were taken. All the informa?on including longitudinal histories of pa?ents was recorded in files and the diagnosis was made following Diagnos?c and Sta?s?cal Manual of Mental Disorders-Fi?h Edi?on (DSM 5). Sociodemographic parameters and family history of mental illness were collected from the record file of the individual pa?ent. Results: In the present study, among the different age groups, the majority (28.05%) of the study subjects were of the age ranging from 21-30 years. The distribu?on according to gender was (62.89%) males and (37.10%) females. The majority of the study subjects belonged to the rural background (69.45%), educated up to 10th standard (28.73%), self-employed (29.86%), married (67.42%), belonged to Hindu religion (85.74%), and with a monthly family income of 5,000 to 10,000 (38.68%). The majority of the study subjects were diagnosed with Major depressive Disorders (28.05%), followed by anxiety disorders (17.87%) and Substance-Related and Addic?ve Disorders (16.96%). Conclusion: This study provides informa?on about the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among pa?ents a?ending outpa?ent department in a private medical hospital in Northern Telangana. It helps in assessing the pa?ern of psychiatric problems and taking necessary steps to plan for better management of mental health care in the near future.

Tooth Loss and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Adult Dental Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Oral diseases seriously impair the quality of life (QoL) in a large number of individuals and they may affect various aspects of life. Aim: To determine the relationship between tooth loss and oral health?related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adult dental patients. Study Setting and Design: A cross?sectional study was carried out among 296 adult dental patients aged 35–44 years attending Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hyderabad, India. Materials and Methods: Oral Health Impact Profile?14 (OHIP?14) was used to assess OHRQoL. Dentition status and periodontal status according to WHO criteria 2013 and position, number of teeth lost by Batista et al. (2014) tooth loss classification were assessed. Statistical Analysis: Mann–Whitney U test and analysis of variance were used to find prevalence and severity of OHIP?14 with tooth loss and logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between OHIP?14 prevalence and severity based on variables. Results: Except for the subjects with history of previous dental visit, variables such as gender and reason for dental visit showed significant difference (P ? 0.05) with tooth loss. Males subjects, who visited dentist with a history of pain, presence of periodontal disease and tooth loss up to 12 teeth (score 3) emerged as significant predictors for OHIP?14 prevalence (OR = 6.7, OR = 1.13, OR = 3.31). Conclusion: The study strongly evidenced that number and position of tooth loss had negative impacts on OHRQoL

A cross-sectional study of attitude towards psychiatry among undergraduate medical students

Background: Psychiatric disorders are common, affecting millions of population worldwide. Patients with psychiatric disorders, psychiatrists as professionals, and psychiatry as a subject are seen in negative attitudes. Prejudices and negative attitudes exist among medical professionals as well. Aims: This study aims to know the attitude of undergraduate medical students towards psychiatry and compare the attitude among students with or without exposure to clinical psychiatry postings. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at a medical college, Karnataka, South India. Undergraduate students belonging to all phases and consenting for the study were the participants. They were considered into two groups, students not exposed to psychiatry clinical posting and students exposed to psychiatry clinical postings, respectively. Apart from collecting sociodemographic details, a self-administered Attitude Towards Psychiatry?30 items questionnaire was used and t-test, chi-square/Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analyses. Result: The sample consisted of 484 students, of which 52.3% vs 47.7% of students were not exposed to psychiatry vs exposed to psychiatry clinical postings respectively. Overall students reported having a positive attitude towards psychiatry. We found 96.1% of students with clinical exposure to psychiatry have a better attitude compared to 86.9% of students not exposed to psychiatry clinical postings. Conclusion: A positive attitude towards psychiatry is necessary for better care of patients as well as to reduce stigma regarding mental illness. As clinical exposure improves the positive attitude, there is always a scope for improvements in the form of better psychiatry training at the undergraduate level.

Role of cytochrome epoxygenase (CYP2J2) in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease in South Indian population

Background The cytochrome P-450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is known to be one of the major enzymes of epoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid in extrahepatic tissues, which produces series of regioisomeric cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) such as 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EETs. In the present study, we analyzed the impact of a genetic variant in CYP2J2 on coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Telangana region of Indian population. Material and methods The case–control study consisted of 100 CAD cases and 110 healthy controls. The deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted using the salting out method. Genotyping and gene expression was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism and real-time-PCR methods. Results In the present study, the percentage of smokers, alcoholics, hypertensive patients, and diabetics was high. Increase in fasting glucose, urea, creatinine, fasting triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (TC/HDL), LDL/HDL, homocysteine, and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in patients with CAD than in controls (p < 0.001). CYP2J2 G-50T was associated with CAD (p = 0.04). The mRNA expression of CYP2J2 showed altered gene expression in this study among CAD patients in comparison with control (p = 0.01). Conclusions A functionally relevant polymorphism of the CYP2J2 gene was independently associated with an increased risk of CAD.

Interventional Management of High-risk Patients with Takayasu’s Arteritis.

Takayasu’s arteritis is a chronic vasculitis affecting aorta and its branches. We report a case series of Takayasu’s disease. Percutaneous intervention with stent implantation is better choice for stenosis and occlusion of coronary and carotid arteries as well as peripheral lesions, and is increasingly used for the management of Takayasu’s arteritis.

Endovascular Y-stent Graft Repair of Chronic Contained Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in High-Surgical Risk Patient.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common condition and many a times asymptomatic. The mortality rate is high when it presents with rupture. However, a chronic contained rupture may remain undiagnosed for several weeks to months due to highly variable clinical presentation. Delay in the diagnosis and thereby delay in the treatment lead to worse clinical outcomes in patient experienced chronic contained rupture. We are here presenting a case of an adult patient who experienced rupture of infrarenal aortic aneurysm along with retroperitoneal hematoma. The abdominal aortic aneurysm was diagnosed after several months of rupture as the rupture occurred into the retroperitoneal cavity and remained confined in the retroperitoneal cavity. We successfully treated the patient by deploying a stent percutaneously.

A prospective study on the prevalence of post stroke depression and its relationship with lesion laterality and socio-demographic factors

Background: Post Stroke depression (PSD) is considered as a frequent neuropsychiatric consequence of stroke. Approximately one third of stroke survivors experience major depression. This condition can have adverse effects on cognitive function, functional recovery and survival. Aim: The current study examined prevalence of depression in post stroke survivors, its relation with site of lesion, laterality and. sociodemographic factors. Method: After obtaining consent, selected sample of post stroke survivors were diagnosed as post stroke depression based on ICD10 diagnostic criteria. Depression was quantified using HDRS and MADRS before discharge, at the end of first month and three months. Socio demographic profile was obtained. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Results: 32 patients of mean age (46.25yrs) and post stroke duration (2 weeks – 3 months) were included in the study. Twenty of thirty two post stroke survivors( 62.5%) met the criteria for depression at the time of discharge i.e. 2 weeks post stroke period, prevalence of PSD was 19 (59.37%) during 2nd assessment and 13(48.15%) during 3rd assessment. PSD was significantly associated with right sided lesions (p value = 0.013). In patients with left sided lesion, it is most commonly seen with sub cortical (p value = 0.003). Middle age was significantly associated with PSD (p value = 0.03). Female sex was associated with PSD in left sided lesions (p value = 0.02). No significant difference was found between first, second and third assessment of HAMD, MADRSS scores in depressed patients. No change in depression scores was found in both left and right sides at all assessments. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for early detection of depression in post stroke survivors. PSD is related to laterality of lesion, middle aged group and female sex. PSD is maintained at 3 months follow up. These results highlight the need to investigate, diagnose and treat post stroke depression.

case of zosteriform verrucous epidermal nevus at an unusual location

Verrucous epidermal nevus is a common type of keratinocyte hamartoma present at birth or occurring later in life. It affects about one in every thousand live births. It is seen at any site, usually found on the lower extremities but is less common on the head and neck. We present a unique case of a female patient aged 12 years affected by zosteriform verrucous epidermal nevus over neck, a rare presentation

Persistent suboptimal molecular response in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and Klinefelter syndrome

No abstract available.

Effect of pomegranate pretreatment on the oral bioavailability of buspirone in male albino rabbits

Many drug substances and variety of naturally occurring dietary or herbal components are capable of interaction with the CYP enzyme system. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice pretreatment on the bioavailability of buspirone in rabbits. White New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.1 +/- 0.13 Kg were selected for study. The bioavailability of buspirone after pre-treatment with pomegranate juice [10 ml Kg-1 for seven days] was compared with an oral solution of 10 mg kg-1 of buspirone in distilled water. Animals were allowed free access to food and water, until night prior to dosing and were fasted for 10 hrs. In the first phase oral solution [10 mg kg-1] was administered through feeding tube followed by rinsing with 10 ml of water. In the second phase, the group was pretreated with pomegranate juice for 7 days and study was conducted after 15 days of washout period. The results showed that there was a significant [p<0.05] difference in the bioavailability of buspirone after pre-treatment with pomegranate juice. This increase in bioavailability might be due to inhibition of CYP3A4. Further studies are required to prove this mechanism in humans

Effect of pomegranate juice pre-treatment on the transport of carbamazepine across rat intestine

Many drug substances along with a variety of naturally occurring dietary or herbal components interact with the CYP enzyme system. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice pre-treatment on the transport of carbamazepine across the rat intestine. The transport of carbamazepine across different parts of rat intestine was studied by everted and non-everted sac methods. The control and pomegranate juice [10 ml Kg[-1] for 7 days] pre-treated rats were sacrificed and isolated the intestine. The sacs of intestine were prepared, treated with carbamazepine solution and then placed in dulbeccos buffer. Samples were collected periodically and the drug content was estimated using HPLC. Results and The results show that there was a significant [p<0.05] difference in the transport of carbamazepine from the intestinal sacs of pretreated with pomegranate juice and control. It seems that pomegranate juice might have induced CYP3A4 enzymes and hence drug is extensively metabolized

Anomalous branching pattern of the aortic arch and its clinical applications

The aortic arch gives rise to three classical branches, namely the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery. We report a rare variation of the left common carotid artery and the right vertebral arteries originating from the brachiocephalic trunk, and the left vertebral artery that was arising from the arch of the aorta, proximal to the origin of the left subclavian artery. Variations in the branching pattern of the arch of aorta can alter the cerebral haemodynamics that leads to cerebral abnormalities. Knowledge of the variations in the classical branches of the arch of aorta is important in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm after subarachnoid haemorrhage.