Percentage of patients shifting to another treatment modality: An experience-guided decision

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to assess the frequency with which orthodontic patients decided to shift to another type of orthodontic appliance, among conventional metal brackets, ceramic brackets, lingual brackets and clear aligner, based on their personal experiences of pain, ulcers, bad breath, hygiene issues and social difficulties. Material and Methods: This study comprises of patients seeking orthodontic treatment. The sample (n = 500; age group = 19-25 years) was divided equally into four groups based on the treatment modality: conventional metal brackets, ceramic brackets, lingual brackets and clear aligner. Patients rated the questionnaire using a visual analogue scale, to assess variables (such as pain, ulcer etc) that impact various treatment modalities. Subsequently, patients from all groups provided feedback regarding their treatment experiences, and expressed their preference for an alternative modality. Intergroup comparison among the four groups was done using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's HSD post-hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Patients who received lingual brackets reported higher levels of pain and ulceration, as compared to those who received clear aligners. All four groups showed statistically significant differences for ulcers during treatment (p ≤ 0.05). Of the 125 patients who received conventional metal brackets, 28% expressed a preference for clear aligner therapy, while 20% preferred ceramic brackets. In the lingual group, 56% of 125 patients preferred clear aligner therapy, and 8% preferred ceramic brackets to complete their treatment. In the ceramic group, 83% did not want to switch, whereas 17% desired to switch to clear aligner, while in aligner group no patient desired to switch. Conclusions: A higher percentage of patients from lingual brackets group chose to shift to clear aligners, followed by conventional metal brackets group and by ceramic brackets group, in this descending order. The clear aligner group demonstrated fewer issues than the other treatment modalities.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a frequência com que pacientes ortodônticos decidiram mudar para outro tipo de aparelho ortodôntico, entre braquetes convencionais de metal, braquetes cerâmicos, braquetes linguais e alinhadores transparentes, com base em suas experiências pessoais de dor, aftas, mau hálito, problemas de higiene e dificuldades sociais. Material e Métodos: Esse estudo foi composto por pacientes que procuram tratamento ortodôntico. A amostra (n = 500; faixa etária = 19-25 anos) foi dividida igualmente em quatro grupos, com base na modalidade de tratamento: braquetes metálicos convencionais, braquetes cerâmicos, braquetes linguais e alinhadores transparentes. Os pacientes responderam a um questionário, usando uma escala visual analógica, para avaliar variáveis como dor e aftas, que impactam diferentes modalidades de tratamento. Posteriormente, os pacientes de todos os grupos forneceram feedback sobre suas experiências de tratamento e expressaram sua preferência por uma modalidade alternativa. A comparação intergrupos entre os quatro grupos foi feita usando análise de variância unidirecional com teste post-hoc HSD de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05). Resultados: Os pacientes que usaram braquetes linguais relataram níveis mais elevados de dor e aftas, em comparação com aqueles que usaram alinhadores transparentes. Todos os quatro grupos apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para aftas durante o tratamento (p ≤ 0,05). Dos 125 pacientes que usaram braquetes metálicos convencionais, 28% expressaram preferência pelo tratamento com alinhadores transparentes, enquanto 20% preferiram braquetes cerâmicos. No grupo com braquetes linguais, 56% dos 125 pacientes preferiram o tratamento com alinhadores transparentes e 8% preferiram braquetes cerâmicos para completar o tratamento. No grupo com braquetes cerâmicos, 83% não queriam trocar de tratamento, enquanto 17% desejavam mudar para os alinhadores transparentes; enquanto no grupo de alinhadores nenhum paciente desejou mudar. Conclusões: Uma porcentagem maior de pacientes do grupo com braquetes linguais optou pela mudança para alinhadores transparentes, seguido pelo grupo com braquetes metálicos convencionais e pelo grupo com braquetes cerâmicos, em ordem decrescente. O grupo de alinhadores transparentes demonstrou menos problemas do que as outras modalidades de tratamento.

Impact of learning effect on reliability factors and global indices in visual field testing by standard automated perimetry in normal healthy subjects and primary open-angle glaucoma patients to obtain an accurate baseline perimetry chart

Purpose: To record and evaluate the reliability parameters (fixation loss (FL) %, false positive (FP) %) and global indices (mean sensitivity (MS), mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation in dB) in three visual field test sessions within two weeks to assess the learning effect in normal healthy subjects and POAG patients and comparison of learning effect gender wise and age wise in primary open?angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study. An oculus visual field testing was done and analyzed in 30 eyes of POAG patients and 30 eyes of normal healthy subjects in three visits. Results: There were 16 (53.3%) males and 14 (46.6%) females in the POAG group and 16 (53.33%) males and 14 (46.66%) females in the normal healthy subject group. A significant difference in data change between each visit in FL, FP, MD, MS was found though the difference was more pronounced in the second visit than in the third visit. The pattern standard deviation does not change significantly in subsequent visits in both groups. Gender wise and age wise no significant difference was found in the POAG group. Conclusion: Significant improvement in reliability parameters and global indices with each subsequent visit in both the POAG group and normal patients signifies the importance of learning effect on these parameters and the need to perform at least three tests to get the baseline perimetry chart, especially in POAG patients, while in normal subjects, second perimetric result can be accepted. It was also concluded that the learning effect is not influenced by age and gender.

Review on Applicability of Bioinformatics in Current Research and Database Management

A generation of new science has evolved with the development of bioinformatics and computational biology, which have molecular biology as an integrated part. In the past decade, technological advances have promoted a prominent development in expertise and knowledge in the molecular basis of phenotypes. In Bioinformatics, biological data is evaluated by computational science and processed in a more statistical and meaningful way. It includes the collection classification storage and evaluation of biochemical and organic statistics using computers in particular as implemented in molecular genetics and genomics. Computational Biology and Bioinformatics are emerging branches of science and include the use of techniques and concepts from informatics statistics, mathematics, chemistry, biochemistry, physics and linguistics. Therefore, bioinformatics and computational biology have sought to triumph over many challenges of which a few are listed in this overview. This evaluation intends to provide insight into numerous bioinformatics databases and their uses in the analysis of biological records exploring approaches emerging methodologies strategies tools that can provide scientific meaning to the information generated.

Knowledge, Attitude & Practices related to Epilepsy among Parents of Epileptic Childrenattending Tertiary Care Hospitals in Ahmedabad city, Gujarat

Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common pediatric neurological disorders and is a brain condition that causes a child to have seizure. Misconceptions and poor understanding about the nature of epilepsy contribute to the burden of disease and lead to stigma. Misconceptions and negative attitudes cause people with epilepsy to feel shame, embarrassment, and disgrace. The purpose of this study wasObjective: to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) related to Epilepsy amongst the parents of epileptic children. A cross-sectional study was conducted 187 parents of epileptic child who attendedMethod: outpatient department of selected hospitals of Ahmedabad. A structured interview of the parents of epileptic children was conducted using modified international questionnaires. Modified Bloom’s cut-off points were used to determine KAP levels. Kruskal–Wallis test was applied on knowledge, attitude and practice levels. Chi square test was used to find out association. The study showed that out of 187 respondents, aroundResults: 61% were from age group 31 to 40 years and 54.5% were females. Among all participants, 53.5% had Good knowledge, 84.5% of parents had good attitude. Around 18.2% parents had good practices and about 9.1% had poor practices related to epilepsy. There were statistically significant associations between knowledge, attitude, and practice score with respect to gender, age, and occupation. Parents knowledgeConclusion: regarding epilepsy was good as more than half of parents were having good knowledge. Majority of the parents had good attitude towards epilepsy. There was significant positive correlation between knowledge and practices about epilepsy. Attitudes and practices related to epilepsy also showed positive correlation.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of temporoparietal region of brain mimicking as glioma: A rare case report

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is exceedingly rare to occur intracerebrally. The incidence of this subtype is 0.001%. Their typical origin is from peripheral nerves of the limbs, trunk, and lumbar and brachial plexuses. It carries a poor prognosis despite aggressive management due to high chances of local recurrence. We present a case of MPNST occurring intracerebrally in a 60-year-old male patient. Imaging showed a 63 × 74 × 46 mm mass lesion in the left temporoparietal region with mass effect. The patient underwent left temporoparietal craniotomy with maximum gross resection of the tumor. Histopathology was suggestive of spindle cell neoplasm. On immunohistochemistry, cells were positive for S-100 and SOX-10, which were consistent with the diagnosis of MPNST. The post-operative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of brain showed gross residual disease. Post-operative radiotherapy was given of intensity-modulated radiation therapy followed by chemotherapy of doxorubicin and ifosfamide

TMJ Arthritis

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) arthritis affects the joint and the surrounding musculature. Like any other joints, causes of temporomandibular joint arthritis could be rheumatoid arthritis, osteo arthritis, or psoriatic arthritis. Severity of the disease differs from each other ranging from mild to severe. In case of temporomandibular joint trauma, it may lead to degeneration of the joint which may result in ankylosis of the joint if it is left untreated. In case of inflammatory arthropathies, even after the treatment, inflammation of the joint still persists. To suppress the inflammation, patients can be prescribed immunosuppressive treatment. Long term use of immunosuppressants is deleterious and may lead to failure of organs. One more adverse effect of immunosuppressive drugs is that it makes the patient prone for infections if the patient undergoes surgery. Symptoms of temporomandibular joint arthritis include pain on involved side, restricted mouth opening, and difficulty in eating. Origin of pain may be from the joint itself or from the muscles attached to it or from both. The patient will complain of mild to severe pain. The objective of this study is to assess TMJ arthritis in those with above said inflammatory arthropathies. This article is to highlight the peculiarities of TMJ arthritis secondary to those inflammatory arthropathies and how to best manage these ailments, which should guide when referral to a specialist TMJ surgeon is appropriate. The aim of this review is to discuss about the various causes of TMJ arthritis, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and the management of temporomandibular joint Arthritis.

The Urgent Need to Understand Covid-19 Associated Coagulopathies and the Significance of Thrombotic Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients.

COVID-19 is a novel disease caused due to infection from the respiratory pathogen SARS CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). It originated from the city of Wuhan in China in December 2019, and spread to become a pandemic in most of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 to be a ‘public health emergency of international concern’ on January 30, 2020. Since then there have been countless cases and associated fatalities. In this article we focus on one aspect of the underlying conditions that may prove to be fatal in critically ill patients of COVID-19, namely hypercoagulative states and their associated thrombotic complications. We analyse data-driven studies that outline the manifold increase in instances of COVID-19 related thrombotic events and the patient demography that is most affected by it. There are several reflections and critical enumerations of the specific clinical features that patients with COVID-19 associated coagulopathies present with. We analyse and comment on several anecdotal instances of patients presenting with new-onset symptoms of severe large-vessel ischemic strokes and other coagulopathies. We determine how laboratory findings and specific markers can help identify patients most at risk of thrombotic events. These events may range from deep vein thromboses to fatal cerebrovascular accidents. There is an increased stress on how these coagulation problems may relate to other infectious conditions through presentation with similar markers. We also analyse the radiological investigations that such patients yield and identify peculiarities in them. There is further emphasis on the importance and efficacy of thrombotic prophylaxis and anticoagulant therapy in the management and reduction of fatalities. We also attempt to educate clinicians and intensive care providers regarding better management practices to mitigate fatal outcomes, including both pharmacological and supportive interventions.

Recurrent ectopic pregnancies with secondary infertility: a case report

Infertility is defined as 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse without pregnancy. It is further classified as primary and secondary. Secondary infertility is one in which prior pregnancy not necessarily live birth has occurred. Pelvic infections as a cause for infertility are seen in 12% cases while genital tuberculosis contribute 10-15%. Various studies have well established a relationship between subclinical infection and infertility with the two most potential pathogens being: Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma species. Authors are presenting two cases one of a 30yr female, P0+5, with class 2 obesity with previous three ectopic pregnancies with LSO done 1 year back i/v/o left ruptured ectopic now presenting with secondary infertility for 1 year and another case of a 21 years female, P0+2, with previous two ectopic with LSO done 2 years back now presenting with infertility. These cases emphasize that infections are important causes for recurrent ectopic pregnancies and infertility.

Factors associated with induced second trimester abortion at a tertiary level hospital of Uttarakhand region: a 6-year retrospective study

Background: Despite the liberalization of the abortion services since the early 1970s in India, access to safe abortion services remains limited for the vast majority of Indian women particularly from rural areas. Second trimester abortions have different indications and associated with increased maternal morbidity and mortality as compared to the first trimester abortions.Methods: This study was a retrospective study conducted from the January 2014 to December 2019 at obstetrics and genecology department of Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. All patients of 12 weeks to 20 weeks of confirmed gestational age were given medical method of second trimester abortion. Data was collected and analyzed regarding demographic features, gestational age, indications, and induction-abortion interval and post abortion contraceptive methods accepted by patient.Results: During this study period a total of 180 patients had second trimester abortion at study institute. Maximum number of patients 69 (38.3%) were of 25-30 years of age group and 161 (85%) patients were of Hindu religion. Major indication was failure of contraception (42.8%) and congenital anomalies in the fetus (45.6%). There was one case of failed medical abortion in which emergency hysterectomy was done for undiagnosed adherent placenta. All patients were compliant of using contraceptive methods after the abortion because of recent medical and mental stress and majority 82 (45.6%) of the patients preferred oral combined contraceptive pills.Conclusions: Apart from congenital anomalies rest all indications can be reduced if women in our country are empowered to control their fertility, get education to become more aware and provided with social security.

Comparison between Fasting and Non-Fasting Sample for the Determination of Serum Lipid Profile.

For determination of serum lipid profile, traditionally we use fasting blood sample. Though it has been the most reliable method for testing lipid profile, it has some drawbacks. Fasting is not easy for some people specially children, diabetics and also it is a barrier for population screening. So, intent of our study is to check the authenticity of results obtained using non-fasting samples by correlating it with the results obtained using fasting samples. We wanted to estimate & compare fasting and non-fasting lipid profile values in severe diabetic patients and in apparently healthy controls.METHODSThis analytical cross sectional study included 40 apparently healthy controls and 40 diabetic patients as participants confirmed by history and biochemical tests. Blood sample was collected from each patient two times; once after 10-12 hours fasting and other as a random sample. Lipid profile parameters were estimated using standard tests. Statistical analysis was done by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Data analysis was carried by Statistical Package SPSS and Microsoft Excel and p<0.05 was considered as level of significance.RESULTSIn apparently healthy controls differences between fasting and non-fasting concentrations were small and clinically insignificant for lipid profile parameters like total cholesterol (p=0.861), LDL-cholesterol (p=0.203) and HDL-cholesterol (p=0.916). The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001) for triglycerides.CONCLUSIONSFasting samples are preferable for serum lipid profile measurement in all individuals with serum triglyceride levels greater than 350 mg/dL. But, non-fasting samples for lipid profile can be used for cardiovascular risk determination in the general people as it reduces patient’s inconvenience and promotes patient acquiescence towards lipid profile checking.

Microfilariae in bone marrow aspirate of a case of myelofibrosis: A cause or coincidence?

Filariasis is among the common parasitic infestations found in India, with Wuchereria bancrofti being the most common causative organism. Presentation ranges from clinically asymptomatic to profound elephantiasis. It is also detected incidentally in diagnostic samples such as body fluids, fine needle aspirates, peripheral blood smears, and other cytological smears. Its detection in bone marrow aspirates with an associated hematolymphoid neoplasm is rare, with only a few case reports. We report one such case of young male who presented with leukocytosis of 253 × 109/L with basophilia and massive splenomegaly. Bone marrow aspirate smears showed the presence of microfilariae along with other features of a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). The present case is probably the first case of finding a microfilaria in a case of MPN

Morphological and Morphometric Study of Foramen Ovale and Foramen Spinosum in Human Skull

Introduction: Foramen ovale and spinosum are the importantforamina located in the base of skull on the greater wing ofsphenoid. Foramen ovale transmits the mandibular nerve,accessory meningeal artery, lesser petrosal nerve, emissaryvein and occasionally the anterior trunk of the middlemeningeal vein. Foramen spinosum gives passage to middlemeningeal vessels and nervous spinosus. Study of anatomicalvariations of these foramina provides important informationuseful in skull base injury and helpful for procedures liketransfacial fine needle aspiration technique, percutaneoustrigeminal rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia, etc.Materials and Methods: 60 dry human skulls were obtainedfrom the department of anatomy, SMS Medical College, Jaipur.The anteroposterior (APD), transverse diameter (TD) offoramen ovale and spinosum were measured by verniercalipers and shapes were observed. Mean and range werecalculated and tabulated.Observations and Results: The mean length of foramenovale was 7.98 mm and 4.24 mm on right side and 7.14 mmand 3.78 mm on left side. Most common shape observed wasoval (74%). The mean length and width of foramen spinosumwas 3.14 mm and 2.68 mm on the right side and 3.05 mm and2.58 mm on left side. The most common shape observed wasrounded (58.5%).Conclusion: No significant difference was found between theforamen spinosum of both sides whereas significant differencewas observed in the size of foramen ovale. The knowledge offoramina is helpful for the neurosurgeons and radiologists.

Children of Incarcerated Parents

Psychosocial health of children of incarcerated parents is a critical area of concern and yet acutely neglected in India. Despite Supremecourt guidelines on ensuring age-appropriate care for children living along with their mothers in prison, there is variance in practice, whichcompounds the disadvantage of being a prisoner’s child. The children left behind at home due to parental incarceration also experiencevulnerabilities that emanate from their pre-existing socio-economic disadvantages, the continued interface of the child with the criminaljustice system, as well as societal perception towards them. This results in a pronounced effect on their health, and educational, socialand emotional wellbeing. Conscious efforts are required for strengthening the factors that could mitigate the adverse consequences ofparental incarceration coupled with a debate on penal populism and the social and economic costs associated with the same.

A comparative study of efficacy and safety of intramuscular carboprost and intravaginal misoprostol for cervical priming prior to first trimester surgical abortion

Background: MTP Act no 34 of 1971 has been defined as Legal termination of pregnancy before the age of viability of fetus that is 20 weeks of gestation. There is a need to find a medical agent which can help in the process of abortion by speeding it up, with minimal side effects. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of I.M carboprost and intravaginal Misoprostol and to evaluate the safety profile of I.M carboprost and Intravaginal Misoprostol. To compare the cervical dilatation caused by I.M carboprost and intravaginal Misoprostol and to compare the blood loss and adverse effects of I.M carboprost and Intravaginal Misoprostol.Methods: Prospective randomized experimental study including pregnant women up to 12 weeks of gestation opting for M.T.P. Study conducted on 200 patients selected from patients admitted in MGM Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore and Kalyanmal Hospital, Indore during the period July 2014 to March 2015. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A who received intramuscular injection of 250 mcg of caboprost or Group B,which received 400 mcg of vaginal Misoprostol 4 hours prior to suction evacuation.Results: Intravaginal misoprostol achieves better cervical dilatation compared I.M carboprost which is statistically significant. Misoprostol is associated with higher blood loss as compared to I.M carboprost which is associated with nausea/vomiting & more likelihood of loose stools and abdominal cramps which is proved statistically.Conclusions: Intravaginal misoprostol is associated with higher blood loss as compared to I.M carboprost which is significant but intravaginal misoprostol achieves more cervical dilatation and causes less adverse events than I.M carboprost which is statistically more significant and therefore intravaginal misoprostol is the drug of choice for cervical priming prior to surgical abortion in terms of both efficacy and safety.

Utility of Papanicolaou’s smears in the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix in a tertiary care centre of South Gujarat, India

Background: "Preventable but not prevented", this is the reality of cervical cancer today, at least in developing countries. 80% of all the cases of cervical cancer occur in these developing countries. In India, cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in women. The Papanicolaou test is simple, quick, and painless. It is capable of detecting cervical cancer at an early stage and is used widely in developed countries, where it has decreased both the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Objective of the study was conducted to determine the importance of conventional Pap smears for the diagnosis of inflammatory, premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to June 2018 on 2000 women coming for a Pap smear examination in Government Medical College attached to New Civil Hospital, Surat. After doing Pap stain, all cases were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system.Results: A total of 2000 cases of Pap smears were received out of which 1914(95.7%) cases were satisfactory for evaluation, 86(4.3%) cases were unsatisfactory. The frequency of epithelial abnormalities was 3.66%. The age group of 51-60 years showed the highest epithelial abnormalities. The frequency of epithelial abnormalities in asymptomatic women was 2.3%. Out of the 1844 cases, 103(5.6%) showed changes of atrophy, 1011(54.8%) cases showed inflammatory/reactive changes, whereas organisms were seen in 558(30.3%) cases.Conclusions: Pap smear happens to be an economical, safe and pragmatic diagnostic tool for early detection of cervical cancer.

Anti-Dumping Policy and its Effect on Indian Pharmaceutical Sector

Trade policy regimes are changing and growing towards a protectionist attitude. Liberal trade policies might harm the trade and commerce of a country. Therefore GATT contains some measures for the member countries to impose higher protection against imports. One of these measures is known as anti-dumping. When a country sends its products to another country and sells it at less than the normal value it is known as dumping. Dumping results in harming the established market practices and anti-competitive activities. Significance Statement: The paper aims at studying anti-dumping policies prevalent in our country and how dumping is affecting the pharmaceutical sector of the country.

A Study to Correlate between FNAC and Histopathological Diagnosis of Enlarged Lymph Node.

Background: Aspiration of enlarged lymph node is commonly done. Although open biopsy with histopathological examination of tissue still remains the gold standard yet F.N.A.C. is an integral part of initial diagnosis. Objective: To highlight the role of F.N.A.C. in the diagnosis of etiological profile of lymphadenopathy and to find out the accuracy of F.N.A.C. in comparison to histopathological diagnosis. Methods: The prospective study was done for two years. The results of lymph node F.N.A.C. were compared and evaluated taking histopathology as gold standard. Results: Cervical lymph node were most commonly involved. Most common cause of lymphadenopathy in children was reactive hyperplasia and tuberculosis in adults.Conclusion: The sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of F.N.A.C. results were high when compared with histopathological findings.

Use of an adipocyte model to study the transcriptional adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to store and degrade host fat

During its persistence in the infected host, Mycobacterium tuberculosis [Mtb] accumulates host-derived fatty acids in intracytoplasmic lipid inclusions as triacylglycerols which serve primarily as carbon and energy reserves. The Mtb genome codes for more than 15 triacylglycerol synthases, 24 lipase/esterases, and seven cutinase-like proteins. Hence, we looked at the expression of the corresponding genes in intracellular bacilli persisting amidst the host triacylglycerols. We used the Mtb infected murine adipocyte model to ensure persistence and transcripts were quantified using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Dormancy and glyoxylate metabolism was confirmed by the upregulated expression of dosR and icl, respectively, by intra-adipocyte bacilli compared with in vitro growing bacilli. The study revealed that tgs1, tgs2, Rv3371, and mycolyltransferase Ag85A are the predominant triacylglycerol synthases, while lipF, lipH, lipJ, lipK, lipN, lipV, lipX, lipY, culp5, culp7, and culp6 are the predominant lipases/esterases used by Mtb for the storage and degradation of host-derived fat. Moreover, it was observed that many of these enzymes are used by Mtb during active replication rather than during nonreplicating persistence, indicating their probable function in cell wall synthesis

Gastric Electrical Stimulation Is an Option for Patients with Refractory Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disabling migraine variant manifesting as severe episodes of nausea and vomiting and often refractory to many therapies. Gastric electrical stimulation (GES), which can reduce nausea and vomiting in gastroparesis, may provide symptomatic relief for drug-refractory CVS. This study assessed the utility GES in reducing the symptoms of CVS and improving the quality of life. METHODS: A one-year, non-randomized, clinical study was conducted. Eleven consecutive patients with drug refractory, cyclic vomiting syndrome based on Rome III criteria and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN), underwent treatment with temporary GES (Temp GES) and permanent GES (Perm GES). Post-treatment follow up was done up to one year after permanent gastric electrical stimulation therapy. RESULTS: Total symptom score decreased by 68% and 40% after temporary and permanent GES therapies, respectively. Hospital admission events significantly decreased to 1.50 (± 1.00) events from 9.14 (± 7.21) annual admissions prior to treatment with permanent GES. Vomiting episodes fell by 83% post Temp GES and 69% after Perm GES treatments. Mucosal electrogram values also changed after temporary stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: In a small group of drug-refractory CVS patients, treatments with temporary and permanent GES significantly reduced the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms and frequency of hospital admissions.