Morphological evaluation of temporo-mandibular joint in indian population / Avaliação morfológica da articulação temporo-mandibular em Indianos

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex joints in the body and its harmonious functioning is very important to maintain a normal masticatory system. The morphologic alterations and the asymmetrical position of the TMJ structures may lead the various clinicalsigns & symptoms. Morphology of the temporomandibular joint may be influenced by gender of patients, environmental factor and also food habits at various places. Objective: To evaluate the morphology of the temporomandibular joint using computed tomography, in order to determine the condyle shape, joint space and glenoid fossa roof thickness. Material and Methods: One hundred and six healthy patients (212 TMJs) who visited a private hospital (or the University's Hospital) for CT brain scan were included to this crosssectional study sample.The patients were aged between 20­50 years with an average age of 35.46 years. All the images were taken by positioning patients in supine position with 120kvp , 50ma,2.33minute exposure with 0.7mm thick slicesby computed topography machine in all three projection that is Axial, Coronal and Saggital view. Results: For all variables, the mean and standard deviation were calculated, based on gender, and TMJ sides. The Paired t-test was used and P <0.05 will be considered to be significant. Conclusion: Present study showed that thereis positive evidence of temporomandibular joint involvement in elderly patients. Change in morphology and position of condylar head with glenoid fossa and roof thickness are one of the most common cause of degenerative diseases (AU)

Objetivo: A articulação temporomandibular (ATM) é uma das articulações mais complexas do corpo e seu funcionamento harmonioso é muito importante para manter um sistema mastigatório. As alterações morfológicas e a posição assimétrica das estruturas da ATM podem levar os vários sinais e sintomas clínicos. A morfologia da articulação temporomandibular pode ser influenciada pelo gênero dos pacientes, fatores ambientais e também hábitos alimentares diversos. Objetivo: Avaliar a morfologia da articulação temporomandibular usando tomografia computadorizada, a fim de determinar a forma do côndilo, o espaço articular, e a espessura do teto da fossa glenóide. Material e Métodos: Cento e seis pacientes saudáveis (212 ATMs) que foram a um hospital privado (ou Hospital da Universidade) para tomografia computadorizada de cérebro foram incluídos na amostra deste estudo transversal. Os pacientes tinham entre 20 e 50 anos com uma idade média de 35,46 anos. Todas as imagens foram tiradas com os pacientes posicionados em decúbito dorsal com 120kvp, 50mA, 2,33minutos de exposição com espessura de 0.7mm nas três projeções: Axial, Coronal e Saggital. Resultados: Para todas as variáveis, a média e desvio padrão foram calculados, com base no sexo e nos lados da ATM. O teste t pareado foi usado e P <0,05 foi considerado significativo. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou que há evidências positivas de envolvimento da articulação temporomandibular nos pacientes mais velhos. Mudança na morfologia e posição da cabeça condilar com a espessura do teto da fossa glenóide é uma das causas mais comuns de doenças degenerativas (AU)

Liver Clot”: A Reactionary Haemorrhage-Case Report.

Reactionary haemorrhage associated with periodontal flap surgery is an unusual finding. Periodontal flap surgery is a common treatment modality used to allow the exposure and correction of periodontal defects for the long-term maintenance of periodontal health. Though being a routine procedure, significant post-surgical haemorrhage is very uncommon due to the primary closure of the soft tissues following surgeries. Here is a case of 44-year-old systemically healthy female patient reported with an unusual condition of the formation of a "liver clot" or "currant jelly clot" following periodontal flap surgery.

Oral verruca vulgaris: report of two rare cases and review.

Varieties of verrucous and papillary lesions affect skin as well as oral mucosa. These are either benign or reactive. Verruca vulgaris is one of the most commonly observed skin growths, widely known as “wart” and a lesion of childhood. Intraoral warts can occur at any age but are most commonly seen in age group of 30-50 years with equal incidence in both genders. It is found commonly on the palate followed by lip, tongue, buccal mucosa and rarely seen on gingiva. Conservative surgical excision with safe margins is the treatment of choice. Two rare case reports of Verruca vulgaris present on very rare intra oral site, gingiva have been discussed in this article. Key message: Papillary and verrucous lesions are not uncommon in oral cavity but reported cases of oral Verruca vulgaris are very rare. Gingiva is again a very rare site for oral warts.

Current scenario of leprosy patients taking multidrug therapy

To assess cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions in leprosy patients taking multidrug therapy. The present cross-sectional study was conducted after receiving approval from the ethical committee of the Datta Meghe institute of Medical Sciences University .The study population comprised of 30 admitted leprosy patients for taking multidrug treatment. All the patients were in-patients and residing at Leprosy Rehabilitation Center Worora for treatment. The written consent was taken from all the patients. The study was conducted over a period of 7 days. All the clinical findings observed in leprosy patients were recorded in pro forma containing separate column for each finding. The recorded data were tabulated and analyzed using chi square test and student t- test. Patches were the most common type of cutaneous lesions [90%] observed in leprosy patients taking multi drug therapy, followed by ichthyosis/dryness of skin [60%], atrophy [26.75%], hair loss[20%] while only 13.4% patients showed papules and infiltrated lesions. There was multiple nerve involvement in patients taking multi drug therapy; out of that ulnar nerve is most commonly affected followed by radial nerve and post auricular nerve. Deformities found in these patients were in the form of claw hand [16.7%], lagophthalmos [13.4%], ulcer [6.7%] and absorption [3.3%]. Early detection of leprosy cases not only helps in reduction of the transmission of Mycobacterium leprae, but also to reduce leprosy attributable disability and avoid complication from chronic infectious disease

Trends of HIV infection in the blood donors of Delhi.

Screening of HIV Infection was made mandatory for every unit of blood collected for transfusion in Delhi, India since 1989. Ten Zonal Blood Testing Centres have been identified which test all the blood collected for HIV by 29 blood blanks for the city. Reports from these testing centres have been analysed yearwise to find out the magnitude and trends of HIV infection in different groups of blood donors. Although initially there was no difference in HIV Sero-reactivity in different blood donors categories (between 1 & 2 per 1000 blood donors samples tested) but subsequently there is significant increase (5.24/1000 in 1992 & 7.48/1000 in 1993) in the HIV sero-reactivity in replacement donor category possibly because professional donors donate blood in the guise of being replacement donors. The fact which comes out clearly is that HIV infection is present in all sections of the population in Delhi and mandatory HIV Screening of all blood collected for transfusion is justified.