ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the impact of different scattering correction algorithms in the reconstruction of PET/CT images on image artifacts and the precision of quantitative parameters.Methods:The phantom as described in the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU2 standard was filled with 18F. The background activity was fixed, and the activity of the solution in the spheres was adjusted to obtain several configurations, including the normal ratio group (4.08∶1) and the extreme ratio group (200∶1). The surface contamination group with the same ratio as the extreme ratio group contained a small radioactive source with different doses of 18F (74, 37, 3.7 and 0.37 MBq) placed at the surface of the phantom. PET/CT images of 30 patients (21 males, 9 females, age: (44.5±10.2) years) from Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute between July 2012 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 10 with normal images ( 18F-FDG) and 20 with abnormal images (10 with dislocation during acquisition, 10 with surface contamination). The images were reconstructed with relative and absolute scattering correction. The phantom was evaluated using the target to background ratio (TBR) and the artifact classification. CV as well as the artifact classification were used to compare the clinical image quality. Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to analyze data. Results:In the normal ratio group and the extreme ratio group, the TBRs of phantom images reconstructed with relative correction were significantly higher than those with absolute correction (normal ratio group: 3.30(1.94, 4.53) vs 2.72(1.56, 3.56); z=-2.20, P=0.028; extreme ratio group: 105.47(45.62, 162.82) vs 101.36(43.96, 155.57); z=-1.99, P=0.046). In the surface contamination group, with the increase of the activity of the small source, the artifact became more obvious, and the artifact classification score of absolute correction was significantly better than that of relative correction (1.5(1.0, 2.0) vs 2.5(2.0, 3.0); z=-2.00, P=0.046). In the 10 normal 18F-FDG PET/CT patients, the CVliver of the relative correction (9.67%(8.00%, 11.00%)) was significantly lower than that of absolute correction (11.00%(9.00%, 12.00%); z=-2.57, P=0.010), indicating the higher image quality of images with relative correction. In abnormal images, the image quality of absolute correction was significantly higher than that of relative correction with fewer and less severe artifacts (dislocation cases: 9/10 vs 4/10; χ2=5.50, P=0.019; surface contamination cases: 9/10 vs 4/10; χ2=5.50, P=0.019). Conclusions:The relative scattering correction is suitable for normal situations in clinical PET acquisition. However, with dislocation or surface contamination, the absolute scattering correction helps to reduce the artifacts and improve the image quality.
ABSTRACT
Objective:Through meta-analysis, the association of three common adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, and chemerin) with bone nutrition of senile osteoporosis (SOP) in China was systematically evaluated.Methods:CNKI, CBM, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and other databases were searched for articles published from the establishment of the database to July 30, 2022. After literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation of the included studies were independently conducted by two researchers, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.4 and Stata17.0 softwares.Results:A total of 13 studies in the Chinese population were included, including 897 patients with SOP and 673 elderly with normal bone mineral density . The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the serum leptin levels were significantly lower ( MD -2.64, 95% CI -4.04 to -1.23, P < 0.001), chemerin levels were significantly higher ( MD 25.23, 95% CI 14.57 to 35.90, P < 0.001), and adiponectin levels were not significantly different ( MD -0.55, 95% CI -2.26 to 1.17, P > 0.05) in SOP patients. After subgroup analysis according to the measurement method, leptin levels remained lower in SOP patients than in the control group. Conclusions:Compared with the control group, leptin levels were lower and chemerin levels were higher in SOP patients. Therefore, dysregulation of adipokines may play an important role in the occurrence and development of SOP, and regulation of adipokine levels and functions may play a role in the treatment of SOP and the improvement of bone nutrition as a nutritional intervention.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effects of different blood glucose management modes on self-management ability and glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the WeChat platform.Methods:240 patients with T2DM were selected in Taiyuan Central Hospital from January to June 2020 for the study. They were randomly divided into general management groups, medical care management groups, peer management groups, and medical care and peer co-management groups using random number table, with 60 cases in each group. The general management group received routine outpatient follow-up. The medical care management group, peer management group, and medical care and peer management group established WeChat groups for management, respectively. Each group′s self-management ability and glucose and lipid metabolism indexes were compared before and after six months of intervention. t-test or nonparametric tests were used to compare. Results:After the intervention, self-management abilities such as diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, medication compliance, foot care, smoking and fasting blood glucose (FBG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c) were improved in the four groups (all P<0.05). The medical care management, peer management, and medical care and peer co-management groups were further improved than the general group (all P<0.05). Except for smoking, the above medical care and peer co-management group indicators were statistically different from those of the separate medical care management and peer management group (all P<0.05). Triacylglycerol (TG) of the four groups were improved compared with the previous [1.9(1.2, 2.7) compared with 2.3(1.6, 3.5)mmol/L, 1.4(1.2, 2.1) compared with 2.2(1.6, 3.2)mmol/L, 1.6(1.1, 2.0) compared with 2.2(1.4, 3.2)mmol/L, 1.5(1.0, 2.1) compared with 2.4(1.3, 3.1)mmol/L] (all P<0.05), and after the intervention, the total cholesterol (TC) of the four groups was also improved compared with that before the intervention [(4.7±0.9) compared with (5.1±1.2)mmol/L, (4.2±1.1) compared with (5.2±1.2)mmol/L, (4.3±1.1) compared with (5.4±1.3)mmol/L, (4.2±1.1) compared with (5.0±1.4)mmol/L] (all P<0.05), and TG and TC of the medical care management, peer management, and medical care and peer co-management groups were lower than those of the general group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Based on the WeChat platform, the management mode of medical care and peer co-management is conducive to T2DM patients′ better self-management and blood glucose control.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the relationship between blood glucose fluctuation and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the predictive value of betatrophin.Methods:A total of 180 newly diagnosed T2DM patients in Taiyuan Central Hospital from June 2018 to December 2019 were included for the study. And they were divided into normal intima-media group (81 cases), intima-media thickening group (60 cases) and plaque formation group (39 cases) according to the results of carotid ultrasound. The body test indexes, glucose and lipid metabolism indexes, blood glucose fluctuation and betatrophin level were compared among the three groups, and the correlation of these indexes with CIMT and risk factors of CIMT were analyzed.Results:The mean and maximal amplitude of glycemic excursions (AGE) in the plaque formation group and intima-media thickening group were significantly higher than those in the normal intima-media group [(5.08±0.62), (4.06±0.54) vs (3.17±0.41) mmol/L and (5.20±0.72), (4.26±0.54) vs (3.34±0.59) mmol/L] (all P<0.05), and these indexes in the plaque formation group were significantly higher than the intima-media thickening group (all P<0.05). Betatrophin levels in intima-media thickening group and plaque formation group were significantly higher than those in normal intima-media group [(423.35±76.24) and (490.68±97.84) vs (358.29±92.27) ng/L] (both P<0.05). Hip circumference and triglyceride (TG) in plaque formation group were obviously higher than those of the normal intima-media group and intima-media thickening group [(103.5±6.3) vs (97.6±7.0), (99.5±7.4) cm and 2.99 (1.32, 3.92) vs 1.70 (1.21, 2.39), 1.84(1.43, 2.93) mmol/L] (all P<0.05), and waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), insulin resistance of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) levels in plaque formation group were significantly higher than those in normal intima-media group [(94.0 (86.0, 102.0) vs 88.0 (82.5, 94.0) cm, (136.2±18.0) vs (125.9±15.3) mmHg, 10.16 (8.43, 13.23) vs 8.49 (6.98, 9.97) mmol/L, (6.31±0.90) vs (4.99±0.99) mmol/L, 4.90 (3.50, 7.13) vs 2.77 (1.32, 5.07)] (all P<0.05). CIMT was positively correlated with waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), FBG, TC, TG, HOMA-IR, betatrophin, the mean and maximal AGE, blood glucose fluctuation coefficient (BGFC) (all P<0.05), and it was negatively correlated with time in range (TIR) ( P<0.05). The mean and maximal AGE, TC, TG and betatrophin were independent risk factors of CIMT (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Blood glucose fluctuation is closely related to CIMT in patients with T2DM, and betatrophin is expected to be an early predictor of diabetic macroangiopathy.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the advantages of nano carbon suspension mapping method and non dye method in the number of axillary lymph nodes detected during axillary lymph node dissection and axillary micro lymph nodes detected after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.Methods:From January 1st, 2018 to July 1st, 2018, 66 breast cancer patients who were to undergo axillary lymph node dissection after new adjuvant treatment were selected for the prospective study.Using the method of random number table, the patients were randomly divided into two groups: the group of nano carbon mapping (33 cases) and the control group (33 cases). After 24 hours subcutaneous injection of nano carbon before operation, axillary lymph node dissection and direct axillary lymph node dissection without dye were used.The number of axillary lymph nodes and the number of micro axillary lymph nodes in the two groups were observed.Results:The number of axillary lymph nodes and micro lymph nodes in the nano carbon mapping group were higher than those in the control group.The differences were statistically significant (the number of axillary lymph nodes were (19.3±6.2) vs (14.9±6.7), P=0.007; the number of micro-lymph nodes were 2.0(0.5, 3.0) vs 0(0, 1.0), Z=-4.328, P<0.001). Conclusion:Nano carbon suspension mapping can increase the number of lymph nodes detected in axillary lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, and also has advantages in the detection of some small axillary lymph nodes that are not easy to find.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) on insulin resistance, and to investigate the molecular mechanisms in T2DM rats.Methods:The T2DM rats were induced by a high fat and high glucose diet for 10 weeks combined with low-dose streptozocin. Four weeks after infusion of HUC-MSCs via tail vein of the rats, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol were measured. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic-euglycaemic clamp test were performed to evaluate the islet function and insulin resistance level of rats. The protein expression levels of lipid metabolism signal pathway adenine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) in liver tissue were detected by western blot.Results:Compared with the T2DM group, HUC-MSCs treatment can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol levels ( P<0.01), and the values of area under the curve of glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance ( P<0.05) in the T2DM+ HUC-MSCs group. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycaemic clamp test found that compared with the T2DM group, after HUC-MSCs treatment, the glucose infusion rate level was significantly higher in the T2DM+ HUC-MSCs group( P<0.01); Western blot showed that compared with the T2DM group, the ratio of p-AMPK to AMPK and p-ACC to ACC in liver tissues of T2DM+ HUC-MSCs group were significantly increased( P<0.01). Conclusion:Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells treatment may improve lipid metabolism and insulin resistance by activating AMPK/ACC signaling pathways in type 2 diabetic rats.
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the incidence of diabetes has been increasing gradually. The overall incidence of gastric cancer has been decreasing, but the number of new cases is still large. Which has become the two most important diseases threaten the survival and health of human being. This article reviewed recent studies on the correlation between diabetes and gastric cancer. The found that metabolic disorders might affect the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer, but there was no clear evidence that diabetes is a risk factor of gastric cancer. Therefore, more well-designed epidemiological studies are needed to confirm the relationship between diabetes and gastric cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the disease burden on uterine fibroids in China in 1990 and 2016.Methods Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.Burdens of uterine fibrosis among different age groups and provinces were measured in 1990 and 2016,with key indicators including number of cases,prevalence rates,disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and the rates of DALY.The WHO world standard population,2010-2035 was used to calculate the agestandardized rates.Results In 1990 and 2016,there were 13 695 567 and 27 169 312 women aged 15 years and older,suffered from uterine fibrosis respectively,with prevalence rate as 2.48％ and 4.10％,DALY as 146 045.05 life years and 281 976.67 life years,and the DALY rate as 26.40/100 000 and 42.50/100 000,in 1990 and 2016 respectively.Both the prevalence rate and the DALY rate increased with age,reaching the peak on the 45-49 years-old,in both 1990 and 2016.Women aged 40-54 years accounted for 55.60％ (1990) and 66.74％ (2016) of the total cases while 48.37％ (1990) and 60.65％ (2016) of the total DALY.The first three provinces with highest DALYs were Shandong (1990:12 574.67 life year;2016:22 728.12 life year),Henan (1990:10 849.29 life year;2016:18 454.32 life year) and Jiangsu (1990:10 501.55 life year;2016:18 274.10 life year),while the three provinces with leading standardized DALY rates were Heilongjiang (1990:48.20/100 000;2016:47.00/100 000),Shanxi (1990:44.50/100 000;2016:47.70/100 000) and Tianjin (1990:43.80/100 000;2016:46.40/100 000) in both 1990 and 2016.Compared with 1990,the number of cases with uterine fibroids increased by 13 473 745 (with rate of change as:98.38％),standardized prevalence rate increased by 1.88％,DALY value increased by 135 931.62 life years (with the rate of change as 93.08％) and standardized DALY rate increased by 5.92％ among Chinese women,in 2016.Conclusion Menopausal women were the ones hard hit by uterine fibrosis.Compared with data from 1990,the disease burden of uterine fibrosis increased rapidly in China,in 2016.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the burden of disease (BOD) on diabetes attributable to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2016.Methods Data based on population of the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study for China were used to analyze the attributable fractions (PAF) of BOD for diabetes attributable to high BMI.Measurements for attributable BOD of diabetes included disability adjusted life years (DALY),years of lost life (YLL),years living with disability (YLD),death number and mortality rate.The average world population from 2010 to 2035 was used as a reference.Results In 2016,death number of diabetes attributable to high BMI was 40 310,which was significantly higher than that in 1990 (15 008).Age-standardized death rate of diabetes attributable to high BMI increased from 2.01/100 000 in 1990 to 2.60/100 000 in 2016,which showed a more significant increasing trend in both males and people aged 15-49 years.DALYs of diabetes attributable to high BMI increased from 1.09 million person years to 3.30 million person years.YLL and YLD also showed increasing trends.The highest increasing rate of YLD was in people aged 15-49 years.High BMI was responsible for 26.01％ of the diabetes deaths in 2016 in China,an increase of 39.39％ compared with that in 1990 (18.66％).Most provinces in China experienced a sharp increase of DALY of diabetes attributable to high BMI from 1990 to 2016.Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Zhejiang,Macao SAR,Sichuan and Qinghai had the most significant increase tendency in terms of DALY rate during this period.Conclusions There was a rapid increase of the deaths and mortality rate of diabetes attributable to high BMI,causing a heavy disease burden,in China from 1990 to 2016.The BOD varied in both different age and gender groups.More attention should be paid to males and people aged 15-49 years in the prevention and control programs of diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the disease burden on uterine fibroids in China in 1990 and 2016.Methods Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.Burdens of uterine fibrosis among different age groups and provinces were measured in 1990 and 2016,with key indicators including number of cases,prevalence rates,disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and the rates of DALY.The WHO world standard population,2010-2035 was used to calculate the agestandardized rates.Results In 1990 and 2016,there were 13 695 567 and 27 169 312 women aged 15 years and older,suffered from uterine fibrosis respectively,with prevalence rate as 2.48％ and 4.10％,DALY as 146 045.05 life years and 281 976.67 life years,and the DALY rate as 26.40/100 000 and 42.50/100 000,in 1990 and 2016 respectively.Both the prevalence rate and the DALY rate increased with age,reaching the peak on the 45-49 years-old,in both 1990 and 2016.Women aged 40-54 years accounted for 55.60％ (1990) and 66.74％ (2016) of the total cases while 48.37％ (1990) and 60.65％ (2016) of the total DALY.The first three provinces with highest DALYs were Shandong (1990:12 574.67 life year;2016:22 728.12 life year),Henan (1990:10 849.29 life year;2016:18 454.32 life year) and Jiangsu (1990:10 501.55 life year;2016:18 274.10 life year),while the three provinces with leading standardized DALY rates were Heilongjiang (1990:48.20/100 000;2016:47.00/100 000),Shanxi (1990:44.50/100 000;2016:47.70/100 000) and Tianjin (1990:43.80/100 000;2016:46.40/100 000) in both 1990 and 2016.Compared with 1990,the number of cases with uterine fibroids increased by 13 473 745 (with rate of change as:98.38％),standardized prevalence rate increased by 1.88％,DALY value increased by 135 931.62 life years (with the rate of change as 93.08％) and standardized DALY rate increased by 5.92％ among Chinese women,in 2016.Conclusion Menopausal women were the ones hard hit by uterine fibrosis.Compared with data from 1990,the disease burden of uterine fibrosis increased rapidly in China,in 2016.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the burden of disease (BOD) on diabetes attributable to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2016.Methods Data based on population of the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study for China were used to analyze the attributable fractions (PAF) of BOD for diabetes attributable to high BMI.Measurements for attributable BOD of diabetes included disability adjusted life years (DALY),years of lost life (YLL),years living with disability (YLD),death number and mortality rate.The average world population from 2010 to 2035 was used as a reference.Results In 2016,death number of diabetes attributable to high BMI was 40 310,which was significantly higher than that in 1990 (15 008).Age-standardized death rate of diabetes attributable to high BMI increased from 2.01/100 000 in 1990 to 2.60/100 000 in 2016,which showed a more significant increasing trend in both males and people aged 15-49 years.DALYs of diabetes attributable to high BMI increased from 1.09 million person years to 3.30 million person years.YLL and YLD also showed increasing trends.The highest increasing rate of YLD was in people aged 15-49 years.High BMI was responsible for 26.01％ of the diabetes deaths in 2016 in China,an increase of 39.39％ compared with that in 1990 (18.66％).Most provinces in China experienced a sharp increase of DALY of diabetes attributable to high BMI from 1990 to 2016.Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Zhejiang,Macao SAR,Sichuan and Qinghai had the most significant increase tendency in terms of DALY rate during this period.Conclusions There was a rapid increase of the deaths and mortality rate of diabetes attributable to high BMI,causing a heavy disease burden,in China from 1990 to 2016.The BOD varied in both different age and gender groups.More attention should be paid to males and people aged 15-49 years in the prevention and control programs of diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Oral teeth image segmentation plays an important role in teeth orthodontic surgery and implant surgery. As the tooth roots are often surrounded by the alveolar, the molar's structure is complex and the inner pulp chamber usually exists in tooth, it is easy to over-segment or lead to inner edges in teeth segmentation process. In order to further improve the segmentation accuracy, a segmentation algorithm based on local Gaussian distribution fitting and edge detection is proposed to solve the above problems. This algorithm combines the local pixels' variance and mean values, which improves the algorithm's robustness by incorporating the gradient information. In the experiment, the root is segmented precisely in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) teeth images. Segmentation results by the proposed algorithm are then compared with the classical algorithms' results. The comparison results show that the proposed method can distinguish the root and alveolar around the root. In addition, the split molars can be segmented accurately and there are no inner contours around the pulp chamber.
Subject(s)
Humans , Algorithms , Computers , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Normal Distribution , Tooth , Diagnostic Imaging , Tooth Root , Diagnostic ImagingABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of berberine (Ber) on myocardial injury induced by exhaustion exercise (Ee).@*Methods@#Forty healthy male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups using the random unit group design method: control group, Ee group and Ee plus Ber group (low: 50 mg·kg-1·d-1, medium: 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 and high dose: 150 mg·kg-1·d-1, n=8 each). Ber (1.5 ml) or equal volume saline was given per gavage for 14 days. Rats assigned to Ee groups underwent Ee swimming once daily and rats in control group remain sedentary. After 14 days, echocardiographic measurements were performed and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVIDd) and left ventricular systolic diameter (LVIDs) were obtained. The morphological structure of heart was detected by HE and Masson staining. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cardiomyocytes apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method. The protein expression of myocardial hypertrophy marker protein B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and apoptotic marker protein (Bcl-2, Bax) in rat myocardial tissue was detected by Western blot.@*Results@#(1) Both LVFS and LVEF were significantly lower, and LVIDs and LVIDd were significantly larger in Ee group than those in control group (all P<0.01). The LVFS and LVEF in medium dose of Ber and high-dose Ber groups were significantly higher, and the LVIDs and LVIDd were significantly smaller than those in Ee group (all P<0.01). (2) The results of HE staining showed that the myocardial cells in control group were closely arranged, regular, normal in morphology, clear in structure, and uniform in staining. The myocardial cells of rats in Ee group were disarranged, cell staining was uneven, and vacuoles appeared in the cytoplasm. The disorder of myocardial cell arrangement and unequal staining in the medium dose of Ber were attenuated than in Ee group. The Masson staining results showed that the myocardial cells in control group were closely arranged, regular, normal in shape, clear in structure, and rarely blue-stained (fibrosis). Myocardial cells in rats in Ee group showed obvious fibrosis. The myocardial cell fibrosis in rats with medium dose of Ber was significantly reduced than exercise group. (3) MDA content in myocardial tissue of rats in Ee group was significantly higher than that of control group, and MDA content in myocardial tissue of rats in medium dose of Ber group was significantly lower than in Ee group (P<0.01). The SOD activity of myocardial tissue in rats was significantly lower than that of control group, while that of rats with medium dose of Ber was significantly higher than that of rats in Ee group (P<0.01). (4) TUNEL staining results showed that only a small amount of apoptosis myocardial cells were seen in control group, and a large number of apoptosis myocardial cells were seen in rats in Ee group. However, the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in medium dose of Ber was significantly lower than that in Ee group. The AI of rat cardiomyocytes was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01), and the AI of rat cardiomyocytes in median dose of Ber group was significantly lower than in Ee group (P<0.01). (5) BNP and Bax protein expression in the myocardial tissues of rats in Ee group were significantly higher than in control group (P<0.01). BNP and Bax protein expression in the myocardial tissues in median dose of Ber group were significantly lower than that of Ee group (P<0.01). The myocardial protein expression level of Bax was significantly higher, and the myocardial protein level of Bcl-2 was significantly lower in Ee group than in control group (both P<0.01), treatment with median dose of Ber could partly reverse above changes (both P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Ber can attenuate exhaustion exercise induced myocardial injury and remodeling in rats, and the beneficial effects of Ber might possibly be mediated by reducing free radical release and cardiomyocytes apoptosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation combined with standard-ized hypoglycemic regimen on islet β cell function and macroangiopathy of T2DM patients. Methods A total of 192 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group with 96 patients in each group. Patients in two groups were given standardized hypoglycemic regimen, and the observation group was treated with vitamin D3 supplementation in addition. The changes of the indexes of body examination, glycolipid metabolism, islet β cell function and macrovascular complications before and 6 months after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results After 6 months of treatment, BMI, SBP, TG, FBG, FINS, HbA1c and HOMA-IR decreased, while HOMA-β increased in both groups ( P<0. 05) . Compared with the control group, the serum levels of 25 ( OH) D increased, and vaspin and CRP de-creased significantly after 6 months of treatment in the observation group ( P<0. 05) . CIMT and other indicators showed no significant difference. 25 (OH) D was negatively correlated with FBG, FINS, vaspin and CRP, and positively correlated with 1PH and ISI (P<0.05). Conclusion Vitamin D3 is closely related to T2DM and its macrovascular complications, but it has not been found that vitamin D3 supplementation can further improve islet β cell function and macrovascular complications in patients with T2DM.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the deaths attributable to alcohol use and its impact on people's life expectancy in China in 2013.Methods The mortality data from the Disease Surveillance Points System and alcohol use data from China Chronic Disease Surveillance (2013) were used.The deaths attributed to alcohol use and its impact on the life expectancy of Chinese residents were estimated based on the principle of comparative risk assessment by calculating population attributable fraction.Results In 2013,alcohol use resulted in 381 200 deaths,including 97 100 hemorrhagic stroke deaths,88 200 liver cancer deaths,61 400 liver cirrhosis deaths and 48 700 esophageal cancer deaths,and prevented 76 500 deaths,including 68 500,4 900 and 3 100 deaths which might be caused by ischemic heart disease,hemorrhagic stroke and diabetes respectively.If risk factor of alcohol use is removed,the people's life expectancy would rise by an average of 0.43 years,especially in westem China by 0.52 years,which was 0.12 years higher than that in eastern and central China,and the life expectancy of the population in rural and urban areas would rise by 0.48 years and 0.31 years respectively.Conclusions Although alcohol has a protective effect on reducing ischemic heart disease,stroke and diabetes deaths,alcohol use is still a risk factor influencing the mortality and life expectancy of residents in China.It is necessary to take targeted measures to reduce the health problems caused by harmful use of alcohol.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the deaths attributable to alcohol use and its impact on people's life expectancy in China in 2013.Methods The mortality data from the Disease Surveillance Points System and alcohol use data from China Chronic Disease Surveillance (2013) were used.The deaths attributed to alcohol use and its impact on the life expectancy of Chinese residents were estimated based on the principle of comparative risk assessment by calculating population attributable fraction.Results In 2013,alcohol use resulted in 381 200 deaths,including 97 100 hemorrhagic stroke deaths,88 200 liver cancer deaths,61 400 liver cirrhosis deaths and 48 700 esophageal cancer deaths,and prevented 76 500 deaths,including 68 500,4 900 and 3 100 deaths which might be caused by ischemic heart disease,hemorrhagic stroke and diabetes respectively.If risk factor of alcohol use is removed,the people's life expectancy would rise by an average of 0.43 years,especially in westem China by 0.52 years,which was 0.12 years higher than that in eastern and central China,and the life expectancy of the population in rural and urban areas would rise by 0.48 years and 0.31 years respectively.Conclusions Although alcohol has a protective effect on reducing ischemic heart disease,stroke and diabetes deaths,alcohol use is still a risk factor influencing the mortality and life expectancy of residents in China.It is necessary to take targeted measures to reduce the health problems caused by harmful use of alcohol.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the association between serum 25(OH)D3 and high sensitive C -reac-tive protein (hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6) inflammatory markers in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods From June 2015 to September 2015,in this cross-sectional study,120 non-obese patients with T2DM(female in 58 cases,male in 62 cases) in Taiyuan Central Hospital were selected as T2DM group,and 120 non-obese patients with T2DM and 96 healthy subjects ( control group) were recruited.The serum concentrations of glucose,HbA1c,insulin,25( OH) D3 and inflammatory markers including TNF-α,IL-6 and hs-CRP were measured.A homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was also evaluated.The clinical and biochemical characteristics of T 2DM were observed in the group of vitamin D deficien-cy group,vitamin D insufficiency group and vitamin D normal group.And the relativities were analyzed between it with hs-CRP,TNF-α,IL-6,HOMA-IR,INF,FBG,BMI,WHR,and so on.The relativities were observed between 25(OH)D3 with all the factors.Results The mean serum concentration of 25(OH)D3 in the non -obese T2DM group was (10.65 ±3.55)ng/mL,which was significantly lower than (18.44 ±5.21)ng/mL in the normal control group (t＝-6.84,P ＝0.012).The levels of serum TNF -αand IL -6 in the T2DM group were (15.51 ± 4.87)ng/L and (18.12 ±4.13) ng/L,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(8.99 ±2.54)ng/L,(8.89 ±2.07)ng/L](t＝7.95,10.04,P＝0.017,0.007).The proportions of deficiency,insufficiency and normal of vitamin D in T2DM patients were 60.83%,31.67%and 7.50%,respectively .The levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in the serum 25(OH) D3 deficiency group were significantly higher than those in the normal 25(OH)D3 group [(17.93 ±4.94)ng/L vs.(10.30 ±4.52)ng/L,F＝6.897,P＝0.026;(20.14 ±4.99)ng/L vs. (16.39 ±5.06)ng/L,F＝10.589,P＝0.017].There was a significant correlation between serum 25(OH)D3 and HOMA-IR(r＝-0.041;P＝0.030),TNF-α(r＝-0.229;P＝0.040) and IL -6 levels (r＝-0.299;P＝0.032),but there was no significant correlation with inflammatory factor hs -CRP and fasting blood glucose. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with T2DM,and systemic chronic inflammation may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of T 2DM.This study shows that vitamin D may play an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and chronic systemic inflammatory response,an important pathogenesis of T2DM.
ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the disease burden for gynecological disease in China in 2016. Methods Data were extracted from the global burden of disease study 2016(GBD 2016). The burden of gynecological disease among age groups and provinces groups was assessed by prevalence rate, mortality rate, years lived with disability (YLD), years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and disability-adjusted life years(DALY). An average world population age-structure for the period 2010-2035 was adopted to calculate age-standardized rates. Results In 2016, the prevalence rate of gynecological disease in women aged 15 years and above in China was 24.94%, of which was 36.71%to women of childbearing age. The number of DALY from gynecological disease was 2727637.82 life years in 2016, with the DALY rate was 411.12/100000 and standardized DALY rate was 341.80/100000. The first three gynecological diseases with highest DALY and DALY rate among Chinese women aged ≥15 years were premenstrual syndrome(815004.64 life years, 122.84/100000), uterine fibroids(281976.67 life years, 42.5/100000) and endometriosis (154792.89 life years, 23.33/100000). The DALY caused by gynecological disease in Guangdong (220871.19 life years), Shandong (190968.72 life years), Henan (171273.92 life years), Jiangsu(168404.27 life years)and Sichuan(144358.5 life years)were higher than other provinces. The standardized DALY rate attributable to gynecological disease were highest in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(404.00/100000), Shanghai(394.90/100000), Heilongjiang(382.00/100000), Beijing(365.70/100000)and Jiangsu (357.50/100000). Conclusions Gynecological disease is a great threat to women' s reproductive health. Effective measures should be taken to address the issue, especially to women of childbearing age.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of vaspin on insulin resistants of 3T3-L1 adipocyte through the insulin receptor substrates (IRS) /phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) /protein kinase B (Akt) /glucose transporter (Glut) signaling pathway.Methods 3T3-L1 cells cultured by palmitic acid (PA) were used to establish insulin resistance models,which were divided into PA group,PA + 100 ng/ml vaspin group,PA+200 ng/ml vaspin group,PA+400 ng/ml vaspin group and PA+400 ng/ml vaspin+wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) group.Glucose uptake and consumption were assessed by 2-deoxy H3-D-glucose incorporation and glucose oxidase-peroxidase respectively.IRS/PI3K/Akt/Glut signaling pathway was evaluated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.Results Compared with PA group,glucose uptake and consumption increased gradually with the increasing of vaspin concentration in other groups (P ＜ 0.05).mRNA levels of IRS-1,Akt and Glut 4 increased gradually as vaspin concentration increasing (P＜0.05),and the ratios of p-IRS-1 to IRS-1,p-Akt to Akt and Glut 4 protein level also showed the same trends (P＜0.05).However,glucose uptake and consumption in PA+400 ng/ml vaspin+wortmannin group were less than that of PA +400 ng/ml vaspin group (P＜0.05).PA+400 ng/ml vaspin+wortmannin group showed lower mRNA and protein phosphorylation levels of IRS-1,Akt and Glut 4 (P＜0.05),and that the ratios of p-IRS-1 to IRS-1,p-Akt to Akt and Glut 4 protein levels decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusions Vaspin can improve the insulin sensitivity of 3T3-L1 adipocyte by activating IRS/PI3K/Akt/Glut signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the mortality attributable to low fruit intake among people over 25 years old in China,2013,and its effect on life expectancy.Methods Based on data collected from China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance in 2013,the average fruit intake in different genders and areas were calculated.Potential impact fraction (PIF) was used to examine the impact on deaths,mortality and life expectancy.Results The average daily fruit intake was (113.3 ± 168.9)g among people over 25 years old,with (103.6± 160.1) g for men and (122.7± 176.6) g for women,in China in 2013.Fruit intake for urban residents was significantly higher than that in rural residents and higher in eastern regions than that in central or western regions.Scores that attributable to low fruit intake accounted for 15.21％ of the total deaths and the population attributable fraction of inadequate intake of fruits to associated diseases was 35.00％.PIF for all the deaths in rural residents (16.50％)appeared higher than that of the urban residents (13.88％),and higher in the residents living in the eastern region (15.48％) than that in the central (16.27％) or western (13.75％) regions.Number of deaths that attributable to low fruit intake was 1.348 4 million.Deaths caused by related diseases appeared as:ischemic heart disease (472.5 thousands),hemorrhagic stroke (338.8 thousands),ischemic stroke (259.0 thousands),lung cancer (208.4 thousands),esophageal cancer (60.7 thousands),laryngeal cancer (5.4 thousands) and oral cancer (3.6 thousands).Numbers of all deaths and related diseases for urban residents were lower than that of the rural residents,with central regions (452.7 thousands) higher than that in the eastern (531.1 thousands) or western (364.6 thousands) regions.The average life expectancy loss caused by low fruit intake was 1.73 years,1.80 years for men and 1.58 years for women,in this country.Loss of life expectancy in the rural residents was higher than that of the urban residents,and higher in central regions than that in the eastern or western regions.Conclusions The intake of fruit was far lower than the recommended standard set for the Chinese people.Population attributable fraction was related to the associated diseases caused by inadequate intake of fruits which also made serious impact on life expectancy.