ABSTRACT
Frailty is a nonspecific state with the decline of physiological reserve leading to the increased vulnerability and decreased anti-stress ability in the elderly. Frailty can cause cognitive impairment and physical function decline, and increase the risk of a series of adverse events such as hospitalization, disability and death in the elderly. Studies have shown that early intervention can reverse debilitating condition; therefore, early and timely intervention of frailty has important practical significance for improving the health status of the elderly and reducing the pressure on the medical system. This article reviews frailty interventions and their effects in the elderly, including sports intervention, nutrition intervention, drug intervention and integrated intervention, focusing on the research progress of frailty intervention, to provide reference for clinical management of frailty in the community-dwelling elderly.
ABSTRACT
Pharmacoeconomic evaluation is the essential supporting information for the inclusion of rare disease drugs into medical insurance in China. The accurate measurement of the health state utility of rare diseas is of practical significance to the development of rare disease pharmacoeconomic evaluation. Based on the review of pharmacoeconomic evaluation requirements for rare diseases in some countries/regions, we systematically retrieved the published studies on the measurement of health state utility for 121 rare diseases in China and other countries and regions. We identified 17 591 papers in the initial review, and later selected 230 after screening. We also made a comprehensive analysis of the quality of literature, evaluation content and use of tools for measuring health state utility in rare diseases in China. Finally, we analyzed the challenges in measurement in terms of population, instruments use, and application of results and made recommendations based on analysis, hoping to provide reference for the development of rare disease health state utility measurement studies in China.
ABSTRACT
Resistance exercise plays an important role in management of cardiovascular disease and blood sugar control;and in improvement of skeletal muscle health and old-age debility. The purpose of this review is to summarize the preventive and therapeutic effects of resistance exercise on various chronic diseases, to improve the knowledge and awareness of the general practitioners for comprehensive understanding of the role of resistance exercise and to provide exercise guidance for patients with chronic diseases.
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We have analyzed the current status of recognization and qualification of orphan drugs in China and abroad, looking at the aspects of the authority institutions, identification and qualification process, and the number of orphan drugs identified and available in the market. By comparing and analyzing horizontally the differences in orphan drugs identification between representative developed countries vs. some developing countries, we discuss the inadequacy of orphan drugs supervision in China. We introduce the advanced experience from the developed countries and some developing countries to provide suggestions for the identification and management of orphan drugs, hoping to speed up the process of development and market availability of orphan drugs and to maximize patient's accessibility to treatment in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the awareness and application of exercise prescription among general practice faculty in Taiyuan City, and to analyze the related factors.Methods:A questionnaire survey on the awareness and application of exercise prescriptions was conducted from July to September 2021 among general practice faculty in Taiyuan City selected by stratified random sampling method. The influencing factors of awareness and application were analyzed with logistic regression.Results:A total of 589 general practice faculty were enrolled in the study, 342 of whom were females (58.06%). The overall awareness rate of exercise prescription was 38.74% (1 369/3 534); the awareness rate of basic knowledge was 56.08% (991/1 767) and the awareness rate of core knowledge was 21.39% (378/1 767). Logistic analysis showed that specialty as general practitioner ( OR=1.66, 95% CI:1.07-2.57, P=0.024), experience of exercise prescriptions ( OR=2.07, 95% CI:1.37-3.12, P=0.001) and willingness of public promotion of exercise benefits ( OR=2.08, 95% CI:1.05-4.15, P=0.037) were factors related to higher awareness of exercise prescription. The survey showed that 231 responders (39.22%) had given patients exercise guidance, among whom 125 (54.11%) gave oral and specific practice guidance, 206 (89.18%) would ask patients to perform health screening before exercise, and 184 (79.65%) performed health fitness evaluation. The knowledge used for guidance was mostly from textbooks or related guidelines (42.42%, n=98), but none of them had prescribed standardized exercise prescriptions. Conclusions:The survey shows that the knowledge and application rate is relatively low among general practice faculty in Taiyuan City. It is necessary to strengthen the training of exercise prescription for them.