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This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current clinical endoscopy teaching and the effective combination of endoscopy teaching and E-learning. Moreover, in the case of gastrointestinal endoscopy, we intend to build an E-learning gastroscope roaming system based on Maya and Unity3D software, to solve the existing endoscopy teaching problems, thus promoting the digital reform of endoscopy teaching and the further implementation of E-learning.
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Barrett's esophagus (BE), the only recognizable precancerous lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), is a common disease characterized by abnormal transformation of squamous epithelium into intestinal columnar epithelium. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors that play a central role in innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs are involved in the identification of almost all pathogens. In addition, TLRs signaling pathway is important for the occurrence and development of BE. This article reviewed the progress in research on the correlation between TLRs and BE.
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[Abstract ] Objective Liver cirrhosis modeling with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) may be influenced by many factors, such as drug concentration and dosing methods.In this article, we explored the influences of different concentrations and different dosing methods and time of CCL4 on the induction of liver cirrhosis in rats. Methods We constructed rat models of liver cirrhosis with different con-centrations of CCL4(30%and 50%), using different dosing methods (subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal injection, and intragastric administration) , and for different lengths of dosing time (8 wk, 10 wk, and 12 wk) .We collected blood and liver tissues from the rats at different time points for HE and MTC staining, biochemical and histomorphological scores based on the Scoring Model for Liver Cirrho-sis Disease (SLCD, expressed by R) and the Laennec Fibrosis Scoring System (LFSS, expressed by L), and analysis of the results by 3 ×2 ×3 factorial experiment design. Results The R value was lower in the intraperitoneal injection than in the subcutaneous injection and intragastric administration groups, and so was it in the 50% than in the 30%CCL4 group, decreasing with the extending of dosing time, with statistically significant differences in the main effects ( P0.05) .The death rate showed an increasing trend in the intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection and intragastric administration of 30% CCL4 (25.33%, 37.78%, and 38.37%) and 50% CCL4 (42.97%, 47.85%, and 51.88%), higher in the 50%than in the 30%CCL4 .However, no significant differences were found in the survival curves among differ-ent dosing methods or between different drug concentrations (P>0.05). Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection was better than subcu-taneous injection and intragastric administration of CCL4 in inducing liver cirrhosis, and the three dosing methods all showed progressively improved efficiency of modeling with the increase of drug concentration and dosing time.
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The approach of stem cell transplantation to treat different types of diseases has been becoming a hot issue in the field of regenerative medicine.Potentially, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) possess strong proliferation and multi-di-rection differentiation ability .Under special certain kind of induction circumstances , BMMSCs can trans-differentiate into myocardial cells, osteoblasts, fat cells, neurons, endothelial cells.It is difficult that how to obtain enough BMMSCs for basic and clinical studies using BMMSCs treating diseases .Currently , there are many methods of in vitro proliferation of BMMSCs with advantages and disadvan -tages.In this paper, an overview of BMMSCs proliferation strategy in vitro is provided .
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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) is a specific hematopoietic regulating growth factor of granulocyte lineage.It can be used to treat different kinds of granulocytopenia.Recently a variety of basic and clinical researches reported that G-CSF can mobilize bone marrow stem cells and haemopoietic stem cells in the peripheral blood,which suggested a potential aproach of releasing、enriching、mobolizing、promoting migration and inducing cell differentiation in the stem cell transplantation.The recent application of G-CSF in stem cell transplantation is reviewed in this view.