[Evidence of reliability for Persian version of the "Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool [CAIT]" in Iranian athletes with lateral ankle sprain]

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of persian version of the "Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool [CAIT]" in Iranian athletes with lateral ankle sprain

Materials and Methods: The present study is a methodological and non-experimental study. After forward and backward translation of CAIT, 46 athletes were selected with convenient nonprobably sampling from Physical Education Faculty of Tehran university and Taekwondo Club. Questionnaire was given to participants who experienced at least one lateral ankle sprain based on doctor's diagnosis. In the second phase [one week later] the questionnaire was distributed among the participants again to test the reliability of the measured between the two tests. After collecting the data, the test-retest reliability of Persian version of the questionnaire was evaluated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, smallest detectable change and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated to assess the internal consistency of the questionnaire's items

Results: Cronbach's alpha was 0.64, which is close to acceptable level of internal consistency [0.7-0.95]. Factor analysis showed that questionnaires' items can be classified in 4 categories with maximum of 72% variance cover. The test-retest correlation coefficient ICC for the total score of CAIT was 0.95 [P>0.001], indicating excellent reproducibility of the Persian version of the questionnaire. The standard error of measurement [SEM] was 1 and the smallest acceptable change [SDC] was 2.76 with 95% confidence

Conclusion: The results show that the Persian version of the CAIT can be used in athletes with functional ankle instability as a reliable tool to detect instability and assess changes caused by therapeutic interventions

Defects in students hearing aids in Tehran exceptional schools

Although for a child to maximize his or her mastery of language, hearing aids [Has] must consistently be worn, and they must be functioning correctly many studies indicates some hearing- impaired children's hearing aid do not work perfectly.The purpose of this study was to determine types of defects in students' hearing aid [HA] in Tehran Exceptional Schools. In this cross-sectional analytic study defects in sixty-two HAs of 41 children were determined. All were the students of Exceptional Schools referred to Audiology Clinic, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medical Sciences University of Tehran. Functions of the HAs were first checked by a sthetoclips. Then the electroacoustic measurements performed to determine the values of maximum gain and maximum power output. The data were separately recorded in a questionnaire for each kind of the HAs. Fifty-six percent of HAs functioned perfectly and forty-four percent were not. The most Frequet defects were 24% and 20% pertained to the battery and manual controls respectively. External components had more difficulties than internal components. Seventy percent of ear molds were damaged. There were significant differences between peak of FOG and MPO curves in the catalogue and electroacoustic measurements in 2cc coupler. Most damaged parts of HAs in Tehran Exceptional students is related to the battery and 'controls which are external components of HAs. Because of high rate of dysfimctioning HAs and ear molds in this population in this survey, it is necessary to promote orientation and counseling level after fitting and to develop the quality of HAs and ear molds for Exceptional School students