Questionnaire Survey on the Usage of Acupuncture Points Among Members of the Japan Society for Oriental Medicine and those of Japan Society of Acupuncture Course in Universities / 日本東洋医学雑誌

[Objective] To clarify the utilization of characteristics and reactions of acupuncture points, and the frequency of using acupuncture points in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment in Japan.[Methods] We conducted a questionnaire survey involving members of the Japan Society for Oriental Medicine and those of the Japan Society of Acupuncture Course in Universities. The contents of the questions included age, sex, profession, length of clinical experience of acupuncture/moxibustion, treatment method, utilization of characteristics and reactions of acupuncture points, and frequency of using acupuncture points in both acupuncture and moxibustion treatment.[Results] The number of valid questionnaires was 59 (59 for acupuncture treatment and 50 for moxibustion treatment). The respondents were as follows : average age of 52 ± 12 years, 45 males and 14 females, 13 medical doctors and 46 acupuncturists, clinical experience of 21.1 ± 11.5 years. Most practitioners utilized ill ness-specific features of acupuncture points, de qi, and reactions they feel with their needling and pressing hands. Ten acupuncture points were used in 50% of patients in acupuncture treatment, and ST 36 and SP 6 were the most frequently used. On the other hand, no single acupuncture point was used in more than 50% of patients in moxibustion treatment. Thirteen acupuncture points were used in 30% of patients in moxibustion treatment, and BL 23, SP 6, and ST 36 were the most frequently used.[Conclusion] Our survey clarified the usage of acupuncture points in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment in Japan.

<b>Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Hospitals—Acupuncture Practitioners Should Participate as Hospital Therapists </b> / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Acupuncture and moxibustion are not fully or well-utilized in the medical system, particularly in the hospitals of Japan. If they were more commonly practiced in hospitals, disorders and disease conditions that are not improved by modern Western medicine might be better treated. In addition, collaboration between acupuncturist and Western medical doctors would promote the research of acupuncture, moxibustion, and related techniques.<br>However, to achieve these aims, improvements in the quality of acupuncture and moxibustion education would be needed. Also, hospitals that are presently using acupuncture and moxibustion for routine treatment would have to demonstrate their usefulness and how this is contributing to patients' health.<br>Having acupuncture and moxibustion therapists (AMT), as a defined occupation in hospitals, was proposed in 1981, although this has not yet been realized. However, we believe that hospital AMTs would be necessary for the progress of acupuncture and moxibustion, as well as for national health care and the medical system in Japan.

Effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on headache and the present status quo / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on headache in clinical trials were reviewed. First, the effects of Western medicine on headache for patients with primary headache and secondary headache were systematically reviewed based on online data, and possible mechanisms were discussed. Second, the role and potential use of acupuncture and moxibustion on headache were considered based on a review of research literature. Finally, the effectiveness of acupuncture and moxibustion on migraine and tension type headache was systematically examined based on online data. These results suggest that acupuncture and moxibustion may be most effective on recurring headache.

Acupuncture and moxibustion for palliative care / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

Cancer is the leading cause of death in Japan, which boasts one of the longest life expectancies in the world. Some types of cancer cause excruciating pain. Measures are actively being taken to establish palliative care units as specialized facilities to mitigate pain and set up palliative care teams in core hospitals for cancer care. In accordance with the guidelines of the WHO, a method using narcotic drugs as a means of pain relief has been established in Japan, but for patients at the middle to late stages of cancer, sufficient pain control cannot be ensured for many cases. Although various alternative therapies, including acupuncture, moxibustion, and haut care (hand and foot massages) are used to alleviate pain, the effectiveness of these methods is still unclear. Accordingly, we examined the actual conditions of palliative care together with evidence of acupuncture and moxibustion therapies and haut care as a means of pain relief.

Assessment and future development of the WHO/WPRO standardization of acupuncture point locations / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Introduction] In 2006 the WHO and WPRO agreed on standard acupuncture point locations. To promotepagate these standards, in 2009 the Second Japan Acupuncture Standardization Committee published a Japanese edition of 'WHO STANDARD ACUPUNCTURE POINT LOCATIONS FOR THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION.' Based on this Japanese edition, a new textbook was published by the Japan Association of Massage & Acupuncture Teachers and the Japan College Association of Oriental Medicine. Since one year has passed since the start of education based on standard acupuncture point locations at Japanese universities, colleges, vocational schools and training centers for anma (Japanese traditional massage), massage, and shiatsu (acupressure); acupuncture; and moxibustion therapies, we administered a questionnaire survey as an evaluation of international standardization and the problems of introducing standard acupuncture point locations .<BR>[Subjects and methods] Subjects were mainly teachers and included a small number of researchers, clinicians, and other groups concerned with acupuncture and moxibustion. We used a questionnaire that we originally created at the Second Meeting of the Japan Standardization of Acupuncture Point Locations Committee.<BR>[Results] Among the 180 institutions surveyed, we obtained answers from 149 people from 93 institutions in total. Agreement on the question of standard acupuncture points, "functional existence" (44.3%) was most common, and "anatomical existence" came next at 26.6%. For the question on acupuncture treatment, 82.4% replied with "use ofboth acupuncture points and reaction points." For the answers to agreeing with international standardization, "no opinion" was 41.7% and 51.7% for "appreciate." However, both of those groups appreciated globalization of acupuncture and moxibustion by a common　language. There were many opinions on proportional bone measurement. Specifically, opinions indicated a change "from the cubital crease to the wrist crease" (from 10B-cun to 12B-cun) and a need for proportional bone measurement of the upper arm. Whereas, for individual acupuncture points, opinions expressed the difficulty of locating application points and not understanding reasons for change and notations including body surface segments.<BR>[Discussion] We were able to classify the opinions collected into the following groups: (1) problems that can be corrected immediately, including typographic errors, (2) problems that need to be reviewed at the next international gathering, and (3)problems that need to be understood by making full use of related documents.<BR>[Conclusion] We were able to determine primarily for a wide range of teachers, problems understanding individual acupuncture point locations, including consideration of acupuncture points, evaluation of standardization of acupuncture point locations, and other guidelines

Report of 2009 WFAS University Cooperation Working Committee and WFAS Standard Working Committee / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The WFAS University Cooperation Working Committee and WFAS Standard Working Committee were held during 2009 WFAS World Acupuncture Congress at European Parliament in Strasbourg, France on 6 November 2009. Publishing an International Textbook of Acupuncture and Moxibustion was proposed in the WFAS University Cooperation Working Committee. Also establishing Making WFAS standards on acupuncture needles, nomenclature and location of auricular points, manipulation of moxibustion, and manipulation of scalp acupuncture were discussed and proposed in the WFAS Standard Working Committee.

Clinical effectiveness of acupuncture applied to strongly reactive points: randomized controlled trial regarding clinical efficacy / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

Objective:This study focused on the strongly reactive points, which are different from acupoints and local reactive points. We examined the effectiveness of acupuncture at strongly reactive points and determined whether results differed from effects at acupoints or local reactive points.<BR>Design:A randomized controlled trial (RCT) included 142 patients who visited the Center of Acupuncture Science, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine. These patients had a clinical examination to verify the effects of the visual analogue scale (VAS).<BR>Methods:We evaluated RCT for one year. One period is three months. RCT I involved standard acupuncture applied to non-specific points and magnetic acupuncture applied to strongly reactive points. RCT II involved standard acupuncture applied to acupoints and different types of metal acupuncture applied to strongly reactive points. RCT III involved standard acupuncture applied to local reactive points and different types of metal blunt-tip needles applied to strongly reactive points. RCT IV involved standard acupuncture applied to local reactive points and Cu-acupuncture and moxa-needles applied to strongly reactive points.<BR>Results:We showed that acupuncture applied to strongly reactive points was more effective than acupuncture applied to acupoints and local reactive points. The place of stimulation was more important than quantity and quality.<BR>Conclusion:It was indicated that acupuncture applied to strongly reactive points was an effective method of treatment, suggesting that strongly reactive points have clinical effectiveness.

Commemorative Lecture Meeting for Publication of "WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region" / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The (First) Japan Acupuncture Point Committee was established in 1965 and the nomenclature for meridians and acupuncture points was standardized at the meeting in Geneva in 1989. After that the first Informal Consultation on Development of International Standard Acupuncture Points Locations was organized by WHO/WPRO and held in Beijing (2003). In Japan the (second) Japan Acupuncture Point committee started April in 2004. Japan, China and Korea held nine meetings and made a draft for the Locations of Acupuncture Points. According to the draft made at the official meeting of 'the Development of Standard Acupuncture Point Locations'held in Tsukuba, Japan (2006), Acupuncture Point Locations were further standardized. Finaly, the book "WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region"was published on May 16th, 2008. Here, we want to report on the Commemorative Lecture Meeting for Publication of WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations held on May 30th, 2008.

Influence of the direct moxibustion and moxa-needle stimulation on the epidermal local-Using the oxidation-reduction potential and hydrogen ion concentration as parameters- / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective]To clarify that acupuncture of Cu and Zn at dynamic acupoints had significantly decreased oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in the local epidermis. In this study, we evaluated the influences of moxibustion on the ORP and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the local epidermis.<BR>[Methods]In volunteers and patient groups, direct moxibustion, moxa-needle and BANSHIN were performed.<BR>[Results]In all stimulation methods, the ORP showed no changes at non-acupoints, but it significantly decreased at dynamic acupoints. A significant decrease in pH was observed after direct moxibustion at both non-acupoints and dynamic acupoints. On the contrary, pH showed a significant increase after moxa-needle, and radiant heat of which had been cut off.<BR>[Conclusion]Direct moxibustion at plus points and moxa-needle at minus points clarified a part of the mechanisms of the effects of direct moxibustion and moxa-needle.

Current Circumstances and Future of the WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

1. Introduction<br>The Meeting on Development of International Standard Acupuncture Point Locations hosted by WHO/WPRO was held between Oct. 31 th and Nov. 2 nd in 2006 at the International Congress Center in Tsukuba City, Japan. The delegates came from nine countries, e.g. Australia, China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Singapore, UK, USA, Vietnam, and two organizations, e.g. WFAS (World Federation of Acupuncture Societies), AAOM (American Association of Oriental Medicine). The total number of delegates was twenty. The draft of Standard Acupuncture Point Locations, which had been discussed between three countries, Japan, China and Korea during the previous three years, was officially decided.<br>2. Agreement for Acupuncture Point Locations<br>Three hundred and sixty one Acupuncture Point Locations were decided at the meeting, the number is 7 more than the number that has been taught so far in the educational field of Japanese acupuncture. The points which differ from the current Japanese text book are 7. These points had been considered “extra points” located along meridians as well as points requiring special attention. 6 points had been the subject of debate, and as a result two locations for each point have been decided. These are LI 19, LI 20, CV 24, PC 8, PC 9, and GB 31.<br>3. Future Plan of WPRO<br>We attempted to standardize the Acupuncture Point Locations at the official meeting in Tsukuba. Moreover WHO/WPRO intends to standardize (1) Oriental Medical Terminology, (2) Oriental Medical Information, (3) Guidelines for research of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, and general thoughts, points of view, and an outline of Oriental Medicine. Then WHO hopes to encourage application of these standards to research and practice of Oriental Medicine.<br>4. The themes after deciding the Acupuncture Point Locations<br>Subjects for further discussion include: (1) Research on acupuncture point locations, (2). Encouraging the use of Standardized locations, (3). Clarifying “Japanese Acupuncture” and its supporting its use all over the world, etc.

Review of Literature on Morning Diarrhea: “_??_” / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective] “Morning diarrhea” is chronic diarrhea that appears only during the hours of “fifth watch of the night (_??_)” or the hours of the Tiger and the Rabbit (the period from 3 a.m. to 5 a.m. and from 5 a.m. to 7 a.m.), There is, however, neither a unified definition for parthologenesis or defined concept of time relating to morning diarrhea. Accordingly, to make these clear, philological research with classic medical was performed.<br>[Methods] First, we made a computer search for Encyclopedias of Traditional Chinese Medicine about “morning diarrhea (_??_ and _??_)” and “kidney diarrhea (_??_ and _??_)”. Second, we examined the concept of time, pathogenesis, data of symptoms, onset time, the name for “morning diarrhea”, and Modern Western medicine.<br>[Results] As a result of the search there were 31 books and 37 hits for “morning diarrhea (_??_)”, 12 books and 14 hits for “morning diarrhea (_??_)”, 91 books and 216 hits for “kidney diarrhea (_??_) and 38 books and 74 hits for “kidney diarrhea (_??_)”. “Morning diarrhea” had its origin in “kidney diarrhea”, a type of kidney illness that was recognized in the mid twelfth century. Later, the pathogenesis became known, and the onset time was extended to the hour of the Rat (the period of time from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m.). The pathogenesis is a kidney yang (positive deficiency) deficiency, alcoholic hepatitis, cold accumulation, food dyspepsia, liver subjugating spleen, and yang and qi (life force) deficiency, and blood stagnation.<br>[Conclusion] “Morning diarrhea” and “kidney diarrhea” have many points in common, however explain its difference of mainly pathological mechanism, “Morning diarrhea” results from superabundance of liver and shaoyang, fire generating during the hours of the Tiger and the Rabbit. And “kidney diarrhea” results from superabundance of kidney-yin on the hours of the Mouse (the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m.), so occur during the hours of the Mouse to the Rabbit. But there is some doubt about the relationship between the onset and pathogenesis. On the other hand in the latter half sixteenth century, emphasize the time of “fifth watch of the night”, but after that appearing time of “kidney diarrhea” had included the hours of the Boar to the Rabbit, So there is some possibility of not being main name.

The Aim of WHO and the Circumstances and Prospects of Activity of the Second Japan Acupuncture Points Committee / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The standardization of acupuncture point locations has been a pending matter for ages and considered the difficult challenge ever since the nomenclature of meridians and collaterals and acupuncture points, including the eight extra meridians and extra points, was standardized internationally at the Geneva Meeting in 1989. 14 years since then, in 2003, the Informal Consultation on Development of International Standard Acupuncture Point Locations by Japan, China and Korea commenced under the initiative of the WHO Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO). <BR>The discussions were held 9 times in 3 years, making great progress toward accomplishing the standardization. The objective will finally reach fruition at the Meeting on Development of International Standard Acupuncture Point Locations which is to be held at Tsukuba-city, Japan, in the fall of 2006. <BR>The developments thus far and future issues are summarized and reported.

Acupuncture Treatment on the Local Area versus the Distal Area: Questionnaire Survey-2 / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

We carried out a 2 nd questionnaire survey to complement the results of the initial questionnaire survey in 2003. The results of the symposium, “Acupuncture treatment on the local area versus the distal area” from the 53rd JSAM (Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) 2003 annual meeting and the first questionnaire helped us refer our continuing discussion. In the last survey we had selected subjects at random from members of JSAM who had been since more than 12 years ago. But in this survey we selected subjects whom we expected as leaders of schools or groups. All answers had to be described. We sent questionnaires to 87 members, and 41 sent back replies.<BR>Items of investigation were the method of treatment (at modern acupuncture and moxibustion schools, traditional acupuncture and moxibustion schools, traditional Chinese medicine schools, etc), the conditions under which local treatment and/or distal treatment are effective or ineffective, and syndromes for which local treatment and distal treatment are effective, and under those circumstances the theory of acupoint selection, the depth of insertion and resulting sensation. Eventually, opinions about both treatments were requested. The results were analyzed by simple and cross tabulation.<BR>The subjects were leaders of schools or groups. This questionnaire was based on the results of the past two symposiums and the initial questionnaire. As a result this survey of opinions and ideas were collecting articulated and approached the achievement of our purpose.

"Acupuncture Treatment on the Local Area versus the Distal Area"-Physical ConditionsII-Definition of the Local and Distal Area Treatment / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

This symposium was held as the second in a three part series at Kagawa Conference (June 6-8, 2003). During the Tsukuba conference (2002), distal area treatment was the topic of focus. The criteria and evidence for the effectiveness of distal area treatments were presented. Three symposists and one minor speaker reported on the effectiveness of distal area treatments from clinical and basic viewpoints. However, another symposist showed the superiority of local area treatments and denied the effectiveness of distal area treatments. There fore, we decided that a succinct and definitive discussion on distal area treatments (etc) should be presented during the second symposium. To this end, long time members of JSAM were given a questionnaire survey prior to the conference. Respondents were asked to define their own use of local and distal treatment, to hypothesize on the curing mechanism involved and to state which practice methods they use most.<BR>Mr. Ogawa reported that, as a result of analyzing the questionnaire survey no distinct differences were found in the definitions stated by respondents from several different schools. The standard images of “the local area” were the area where pains were felt when pressure is applied, the areas which transmit special sensitivity or the area where a disorder is found. Also, the images of “the distal area” were the areas which have some relationship to the local area, such as meridians and collaterals, nerves, reflex points, tender points, or related points which induce a clearly recognizable physical reaction.<BR>Mr.Shinohara showed the superiority of distal area treatments according to the muscle meridian theory by utilizing the 3 arm crossover examination. Furthermore, he established the delayed myalgia as a model of the illness on a specific muscle meridian region. He investigated the effect of intradermal needling. He observed that after a weight bearing exercise on the biceps brachii, the threshold of tenderness on the Lung meridian decreases. He proposed the possibility of using the points in extremities which had selectively responded by manifesting of the delayed myalgia.<BR>Mr. Moriyama, one of the minor speakes, explained, using the theory of biomechanics, the possibility of in-fluences of distal area disharmony on the local area. He introduced the Meridian Test as one clinically useful method for finding disharmony which is typically difficult to discern and may contribute to the disorder. He proposed that a microscopic “eye” to be used to see the local area and the macroscopic “eye” b used to see the whole body in medical examination and treatment. Using the “eyes” in synthesis and not separately, he concluded, must be the basic state for treatment.<BR>Another minor speaker, Mr.Shiraishi reported on analyzed results of the experiments on lumbago patients. Applying Yuandaoci (distant needling) reduced a response on points of the trunk (BL 23, Shenshu, Jinyu) in stimulating points, i.e, BL 40 (Weizhong, Ichu), BL 57 (Chengshan, Shozan) BL 58 (Feiyang, Hiyo) BL 60 (Kunlun, Konron) GB 34 (Yanglingquan, Yoryosen) varying in many ways and confirming the peculiarity of each point, meridian and collateral. Based on these findings he supports the effectiveness of distal meridian area treatments.<BR>Mr. Ozaki, also, another minor speaker proposed, from the outcome of animal experiments. Stimulation by acupuncture at either adjacent or distal areas can affect motor reflex. So from this point of view, insertion at adjacent and distal area has some recordable effect. He added that stimulation given either at adjacent or distal areas would converge to the same neuron and the same modification would occur. From this point of view, the difference in processing information at the neuron level would control the manifestation of the effect and thus investigations on these treatments should be discussed as a synthesis, including, not

Acupuncture Treatment on the Local Area versus the Distal Area: Questionnaire Survey / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

We used a questionnaire survey to assess the JSAM (the Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) members' use of local therapy and distal therapy. We wanted to apply the results of the discussion titled “the definition of local therapy and distal therapy” in the symposium during the 52nd Annual JSAM meeting (2002, Kagawa). Questionnaires were distributed to 500 of the 1250 JSAM members registered in 1991. The subjects who received questionnaires were selected at random. Of the 500 questionnaires sent out 145 replies were received. Each respondent was asked to submit their definition of local and distal therapy.<BR>Also, eight examples of local and distal therapies were given and respondents were asked to reply as to whether they treat with local or distal therapies and the.reasons for these choices.<BR>The results were analyzed by simple and cross tabulation. We were able to define local therapy as 1) insertion to the injured area by acupuncture, 2) treatment on the area traveling along a nerve, and 3) treatment on the area where the patient feels some sensation. And we also defined treatment with a spectrum of tender points as local treatment, according to relationships with nervous reflexes such as an axon reflex, similarly to needling on muscles and along the path of the nerve. The use of distal therapy was usually carried out at points with relationships to fundamental treatment, tender points, meridians, autonomic nervous system and mechanisms through nerve centers. It was found that most practitioners consider distal points that are defined with some theory. Distal points were not selected randomly without the above consideration.

Experimental study on the specificity of Jin-yu needling for urinary secretion / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The specificity of Jin-yu needling for urinary secretion was studied.<br>1); 15 healthy adult men were subjected to this experiment. After drinking water (500ml), acupuncture needles (No. 2 Seirin Co. Limited) were perpendiculary inserted to the jin-yu point depth of about 2cm, and left there for 10 minutes. The blood samples were collected at 60 minutes after drinking water, and urine volume and amount of Na, K, Cl, BUN, UA and Cre were measured.<br>As a result, a marked increase was observed in excretion of urine, UA, Cre, K and creatinine clearance. An upward tendency of Na, Cl and BUN excretion were found and it is correlated with urine volume.<br>2); Subjects were 11 healthy adult men. The group of acupuncture stimulation was divided as follows; a) a group, acupuncture needles were inserted at Jin-yu point [B-23], b) kyouseki point, c) sisitu point [B-52], d) daityou-yu point [B-25], e) I-yu point [B-21] and f) untreated contorol group. Urine were collected at 60 minutes after drinking water (500ml).<br>As a result, a significant increase of urine volume was observed in the group of stimulation at Jin-yu, Kyouseki, and Sisitu point (p<0.05).<br>Finally, it was suggested that the increase of urine volume was caused by a somato-visceral reflex.

A Study on a Phenomenon of a Propagated Sensation along the Channels (PSC) in Healthy Youths / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

In China, for years they have been studying the PSC to investigate scientifically the substance of traditional meridians. As we had been to there, we learned how to investigate it. According to their method we did it in Japan.<br>Objects were 340 healthy youths. The stimulated points were the well points in each meridian. The low frequency electroacupuncture (5-20Hz) was given to these points 30 minutes. Objects showed us their sensation or orally or by gesture.<br>We divided the result into 4 stages according to the chinese method;<br>salient…5 (1.5%)<br>comparatively salient…3 (0.9%)<br>slightly salient…7 (2.0%)<br>Non-salient…325 (95.6%)<br>In China, by the way, objects were 1, 000 people and it was 1.3%, 1.8%, 15.2% and 81.7%.<br>In this study, though it showed a low incidence of about 4.4% (about 18% in China), it was found that there was a phenomenon of the PSC.

The Effects of Pre-Acupuncture on Rat's Stomach Ulcer Induced by Water Immersing Stress (II) / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

In a previous paper, we reported that acupuncture on the equivalent loci to human CV-12, BI-12 and ST-36 inhibited rat's stomach ulcer induced by water immersing stress. In this paper, we report the influence of acupuncture on the equivalent loci to human BL-21 and ST-36.<br>Method<br>15 male Wister rats of about 200g in weight were divided into the test group (6 rats) and the control group (9 rats), and acupuncture was administered to the test group on the equivalent loci to human BL-21 and ST-36 every other day. The next day after the sixth acupuncture, they were immersed in the water of 23°C to their chests 7 hours and the stomachs were extirpated from them and the gastic glands were sliced and stained in hematoxylin-erosion. Making a microscopic examination of these slices, we evaluated the number of mucoclasis classified by strength, depth and width.<br>Effect<br>More than 90% of mucoclasis showed erosion of tissue. It was less than 2/4 in depth and less than 500μ in width.<br>1. Erosion in each slice numbered 20.3±5.6:34.1±9.5 in average between the two groups and it showed significantly small number in the test group (p<0.01).<br>2. The number of erosion in depth was much smaller in the test group (p<0.01, p<0.05).<br>less than 1/4…19±4.2:28.1±6.1<br>less than 2/4…1.3±1.5:5.3±4.0<br>3. The number of erosion in width was also much smaller in the test group (p<0.05)<br>10μ-500μ…10.3±4.7:19.8±9.4<br>Conclusion<br>It was showed that pre-acupuncture inhibited stress erosion.

The Influence of Acupuncture, Low Frequency Electric Acupuncture and SSP Stimulation on Local Blood Circulation / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

There are several methods of acupuncture for stiff shoulders such as pecking stimulation, LFEA, and (SSP).<br>These three types of stimulation were given to the suprascapular region and variation of blood flow Silver Spike Point in the skin and the muscle was observed.<br>In our study, we made it a rule to take the skin temperature and the deep temperature of 1cm deep under the skin for the index.<br>As a result, concerning the muscle blood stream at the stimulus point, it was found that LFEA and SSP caused a significant increase in the muscle blood flow and pecking stimulation also showed a 43% increase in the muscle blood flow. The skin blood flow showed the same effect as the muscle blood flow.<br>Furthermore, about the influence of stimulation on the remote region from the suprascapular region we observed variation of the skin temperature on the back of hand and the index finger, it showed a transient decrease in blood flow with pecking stimulation and LFEA, whereas there is little variation with SSP.<br>From this observation, it was indicated that pecking stimulation without any muscle contraction improved an amount of the blood stream at the stimulated region and about the peripheral circulation to the remote region the inserting technique such as pecking stimulation and LFEA will unfluence it.

Comparison of the Effects of Leaving Needle (LN), Electrical Acupuncture (EAP) and Low Frequency Electrical Acupuncture (LFEA) / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

We have treated 117 patients, who visited the Pain Clinic of our Department complaining some pain 1973-1975, applying “in situ” needle, electrical acupuncture and low frequency electrical acupuncture therapy. And we have examined the immediate effects during 3 days after the treatment through patients' subjective evaluation, at what degree the state of pain was improved as compared with the state before the treatment on a scale of 1-10.<br>As the results, we classified the appearing ways of effects in 4 types: continuous type (the effect lasts 3 days right after the treatment), decreasing type (the effect gradually disappears immediately after the treatment), increasing type (it slowly produces effect) and invariable type (during 3 days a slight effect or no effect is observed). And it became clear that for the duration of effect and the efficiency of the therapy the low frequency electrical acupuncture therapy is most execellent.<br>Discussion of Results:<br>Immediate good results from directly following therapy to the 2nd day after therapy were obtained in more than 70% of the cases and were especially remarkable with LFEA therapy as compared to EAP or LN therapies.