ABSTRACT
Background: The salivary glands are one of the few tissues in the body that are subjected to diverse and heterogeneous range of tumors and tumor like conditions. The relative infrequency of these tumors makes their diagnosis and management quite complicated. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a useful diagnostic procedure which has a recognized role in the evaluation of salivary gland lesions. A pre-operative diagnosis about nature of lesion, whether benign or malignant, will help in making decision about proper management of patient. Objective: Aim of this study was to know the epidemiology of salivary gland tumors in our region and to evaluate sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology taking histopathology as the gold standard. Method: It was prospective observational study conducted in department of pathology in our institute. Total 100 cases were studied with particular reference to age, sex, site, cytologic details & histological types as per WHO classification. FNAC & histopathological examination was done in all cases. Correlation between cytological & histopathological diagnoses was assessed. Diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was evaluated by comparing cytological & histopathological diagnoses. Results: Parotid gland was the most common site of involvement (70% cases). Maximum number of patients was in age range of 41-50 years & male to female ratio was 0.8:1. Most common benign & malignant tumors were pleomorphic adenoma (69.89% cases) & mucoepidermoid carcinoma (8.60% cases) respectively. On cytology, 93 cases while on histopathology 96 cases were diagnosed as neoplastic. Cytological diagnoses correlated with histopathological diagnoses in 94% cases. Sensitivity, specificity & diagnostic accuracy of FNAC were found to be 96.87%, 100% & 96% respectively. Conclusion: FNAC in salivary gland masses is fairly reliable for correct preoperative diagnosis. Multiple sampling and special attention to cytologic features should help to minimize errors.
ABSTRACT
Remarkable changes are seen on gross and microscopic examination of placenta of patients with sickle cell disorders, hence the present study was undertaken to find out the pathological changes seen in the placenta of sickle cell disorder patients, as compared to control and to study the effect of maternal sickling on the fetus. It includes total 73 cases, of which 10 were of control group and 63 were from patients with sickle cell disorders, which included 47 sickle cell trait (AS) and 16 sickle cell disease (SS) patients. In group II, 9 (14.28%) patients with SS pattern developed complications during pregnancy, in the form of vaso-occlusive and hemolytic crises. Pregnancy induced hypertension was seen in 4 (25%) out of 16 SS and 11 (23.40%) of the 47 AS patients. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was seen in 6 (37.5%) out of 16 SS and 8 (17.02%) out of 47 AS patients. Placentae in sickle cell disorders showed pathological changes in the form of infarction, calcification, sickled red blood cells and hemorrhage in intervillous spaces, increased syncytial knots, fibrinoid necrosis, stromal fibrosis, hyalinised villi and compensatory proliferation of trophoblastic cells.